CN106688155A - System and method for switching an electrical system to backup power during a utility power outage - Google Patents
System and method for switching an electrical system to backup power during a utility power outage Download PDFInfo
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- CN106688155A CN106688155A CN201580046802.9A CN201580046802A CN106688155A CN 106688155 A CN106688155 A CN 106688155A CN 201580046802 A CN201580046802 A CN 201580046802A CN 106688155 A CN106688155 A CN 106688155A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
- H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
-
- H02J13/0006—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/08—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems requiring starting of a prime-mover
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00004—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the power network being locally controlled
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/248—UPS systems or standby or emergency generators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus (215) for managing an electrical system (200) includes a main breaker (220) structured to be coupled to a utility source (205), an LER breaker (240) structured to be coupled to a local generation source (245), a number of branch breakers (230), each branch breaker being structured to be coupled to one or more loads (235), and a control component (250). The control component is structured to, in response to a determination that the utility source is experiencing a power outage: cause the main breaker to be opened, determine which one or more of the number of branch breakers are to receive backup power from the local generation source, cause the branch breakers to be configured such that only the determined one or more of the number of branch breakers are in a closed condition, and cause the local generation source to be activated.
Description
Cross-reference to related applications
This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number 62/045,864 filed in September in 2014 4 days,
The disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
Disclosed design generally relates to distribution system, and sets more particularly with respect to not using automatic transfer switch or being similar to
It is standby, electrical system (such as residential electricity system) is switched to system and the side of local energy source during main mains supply power-off
Method.
Background technology
Distributed power source is sometimes referred to as local energy source or indigenous energy, and it is for providing conventional electric power system
The small-scale power generation mechanism of alternative or enhancement method.Distributed power source includes (such as but not limited to) photovoltaic (PV) module
(being coupled to DC/AC inverters), wind turbine module (being coupled to DC/AC inverters), natural gas turbines, standby generating
Machine, energy accumulating device and uninterrupted power source.
When the PV modules as described in just, electromotor and/or other local energy sources (are such as lived installed in a certain position
Residence) when, unless they are isolated with utility network, otherwise they are not allowed to produce electric power during utility power power-off.This limit
System be it is appropriate, so as to prevent during power-off electric power fed back on electrical network by local energy source-this is can be to the work on electrical network
The workman of work brings the situation of danger.
Generally, this problem is solved by using system as shown in Figure 1 100, and system 100 is opened using automatic transfer
Close (ATS) to guarantee that safe transition is to local energy source during power-off.As known in the art, ATS is between two sources
The electric switch of switching load.As shown in Figure 1, system 100 includes mains supply 105, master instrument 110 and is coupled to master instrument
110 for the load centre 115 from the reception electric power of mains supply 105.Load centre 115 includes some conventional choppers, bag
Include 130 (its of indigenous energy (LER) chopper of conventional main circuit breaker 120, some conventional branch breakers 125 and routine
The regular circuit breakers of local energy source are coupled to as described below simply).As shown in Figure 1, conventional branch breaker
125A and 125B be coupled to it is some it is " non-key " load 130 (be previously determined be under utility power powering-off state not
It is configured to receive the load of non-firm power) and protection is provided for these loads.Remaining conventional branch breaker (is labeled as
ATS 135 (or alternatively another switching device, such as manual changer) is coupled to 125C).The output of ATS 135 to
Secondary distribution board (sub panel) 140 provides, secondary distribution board 140 feed again some predetermined " key " load 145 (i.e. by
It is the load for being configured to receive under utility power powering-off state non-firm power to be determined in advance).Additionally, system 100 includes this
Ground energy source 150, which can be (such as but not limited to) the PV modules for being coupled to inverter or any other appropriate distribution
Formula power supply.The output of local energy source 150 is provided to ATS 135, and to grid-connected disconnection device (grid tie disconnect)
155 provide.Therefore, ATS has two inputs (i.e. from the output of conventional branch breaker 125C receptions and from local energy source
150 outputs for receiving) and the selectable single output between 2 inputs.
In operation, in normal operation condition, wherein, mains supply 105 is not experiencing power-off, automatic transfer switch
135 are coupled to the quilt to the output of the offer of secondary distribution board 140 in the way of by the input for wherein receiving from conventional branch breaker 125
Configuration.Additionally, under this normal condition, grid-connected disconnection device 155 is closed and enables local energy source 150 electric power to city
Power supply 105 feeds back.When mains supply 105 experiences power-off, grid-connected disconnection device 155 is opened, so as to local energy source
150 are isolated with load centre 115 and mains supply 105, therefore any workman that protection just may work on utility network.One
The grid-connected device 155 that disconnects of denier is opened, and automatic transfer switch 135 can be switched to what is wherein received from local energy source 150
Input is coupled to secondary distribution board 140 configuration of the output for providing.As a result, under this outage condition, predetermined critical loads 145
Electric power can be received from local energy source 150.
Although system 100 described above is effective, its can to residential electricity system bring extra aspect into
Sheet and complexity.And, system 100 is restricted, and reason is which must be based on predetermined load data (i.e. during power-off
The load data of some predetermined loads to be powered by local energy source 150) size is determined in advance and is configured.Recognize
Arrive, this eliminates any motility when it is determined which load can be powered by local energy source 150.
The content of the invention
In one embodiment, there is provided a kind of equipment for managing electrical system.The equipment includes：Main open circuit
Device, which is configured to be coupled to mains supply；LER choppers, which is configured to be coupled to local energy source；Some branch circuit breaks
Device, each branch breaker are configured to be coupled to one or more loads；And control assembly.The control assembly is constructed
It is the determination that power-off is just being experienced in response to the mains supply：The main circuit breaker is made to be opened；Determine that some branch roads break
Road device which or multiple to receive non-firm power from the local energy source；It is configured so that the branch breaker
One or more branch breakers for the described some branch breakers for only determining are in closure condition；And make described local
Energy source is activated.
In another embodiment, there is provided a kind of method for controlling electrical system, the electrical system is included in negative
Load center provide and be coupled to mains supply main circuit breaker, the load centre provide and be coupled to local energy source
LER choppers and the load centre provide and be each coupled to one or more load some branch breakers.
Methods described includes：It is determined that mains supply is experiencing power-off described in the load centre；In response to determining the civil power
Power supply is experiencing power-off, makes the main circuit breaker be opened by providing first communication information to the main circuit breaker；It is determined that
Some branch breakers which or multiple to receive non-firm power from the local energy source；Make the branch circuit break
Device is configured so that by providing to the one or more of branch breaker not including some branch breakers
Second communication information, one or more branch breakers for the described some branch breakers for only determining are in closure condition；
And make the local energy source be activated by providing third communication information to the local energy source.
Description of the drawings
Can obtain to the comprehensive of disclosed design from which when following description of preferred embodiments is read in conjunction with the accompanying
Understand, in accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is to switch the prior art for guaranteeing safe transition to local energy source during power-off using automatic transfer
The schematic diagram of system；
Fig. 2 is exemplary embodiment of the invention for safe transition is guaranteed during power-off to local energy source
The schematic diagram of system；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the control method of the system for illustrating exemplary embodiment Fig. 2 of the invention；
Fig. 4-7 may be employed to the figure of the example circuit breakers of the method for the system and Fig. 3 for realizing Fig. 2.
Specific embodiment
Directional terms (say like left, right, front and rear, top, bottom and its derivative) are related to figure as used in this article
Shown in element direction, unless explicitly pointed out in the text, be not otherwise limitations on claims.
Term " number " represents 1 or the integer (i.e. multiple) more than 1 as used in this article.
Two or more parts " coupling " statement together as used in this article represents the part or straight
Ground connection is connected by one or more centre parts and is linked together.
As used in this article term " component " is intended to refer to the entity relevant with computer, or hardware, hardware and soft
The combination of part, software or software in commission.For example, component can be, but not limited to, the mistake run on a processor
Journey, processor, object, executable execution thread, program and/or computer.As signal, transport on processor or server
Capable application and processor or server can be components.One or more assemblies can reside on process and/or perform line
In journey, and component is may be located in a computer/processor, and/or is distributed in two or more computer/processors
Between.
Fig. 2 is the distribution system 200 of a unrestriced exemplary embodiment according to disclosed design.As herein more
Plus describe in detail, the system that system 200 includes controllable (and can measure in the exemplary embodiment) chopper,
Including main circuit breaker and the subset of the branch breaker in main circuit breaker downstream.System 200 realizes a kind of control method (in Fig. 3
Illustrate and describe in detail with regard to Fig. 3), which can make local energy source (being such as, but not limited to coupled to the PV modules of inverter)
Safely come into operation under outage condition, and without using ATS (all ATS as shown in Figure 1 135) or similar switch
Device.As being described more fully herein, in the exemplary embodiment, control method determines when that there is utility power breaks
Electricity, isolation are coupled to the load distribution board of utility network, the time for making local energy source safely persistently need online, coordinate negative
Load demand and local generating supplied capacity, and safely recover grid power when outage condition is calmed down.With regard to loading demand with
The coordination of local generating supplied capacity, methods described use control element, wherein, loading demand is managed (i.e. by closing pass
The chopper of connection, load are coupled to the local supply that generates electricity), to guarantee that loading demand is supplied without departing from actual local generating
Answer capacity.Methods described can optionally use synchronization between multiple local energy sources (provided that if) and/or with electricity
The Phase synchronization of net electric power is allowing the transmission of the seamless of electric power or " do not bat an eyelid (blinkless) ".As described in detail herein
, by the chopper in directly control system 200 rather than using traditional switching mechanism (such as ATS), realize this control
Method processed.By the main circuit breaker that trips, the load distribution board for being coupled to utility network can be isolated from electrical network, and by switching
Some branch breakers are turned on and turn off, and loading demand can be balanced, to match local generating supplied capacity.Change speech
It, the electricity needs of load can be controlled, to prevent which from exceeding the power supply capacity of local energy source.In fact, system 200
The amount from the available local supply that generates electricity of local energy source (local energy source described herein 245) can be dynamically determined, so
Coordinate with other choppers (branch breaker described herein 230) in system 200 afterwards, can be by local so as to only close
Energy source support those choppers and nonoverload.
It is in the unrestriced exemplary embodiment of disclosed design, every used in system as described in this article 200
Individual controllable chopper is the form of electric power vending machine (PVM) chopper 400, and electric power vending machine (PVM) chopper 400 is by this
Describe in detail in the U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0211345 and 2014/0214218 that bright assignee possesses, this two
The disclosure of part application is all incorporated herein by quoting.However, it is understood that PVM choppers 400 make in system 200
With simply for illustrative purpose, it is not restricted, the alternative type of controllable chopper can also be used.For example but not it is limit
System, the controllable chopper of one or more used in system 200 can be such as entitled " Microgrid System
Structured to Detect Overload Conditions and Take Corrective Actions Relating
The U.S. patent application serial number 14/264 of Thereto ", the intelligent breaker described in 409, this application is by present assignee
Possess, and be incorporated herein by reference, or in such as U.S. Patent number 5,301,083,5,373,411,6,477,
The open circuit of the remote-controllable with the second pair of separable contacts connected with main separable contacts described in 022 and 6,507,255
Device.
Exemplary PVM choppers 400 are schematically shown in the diagram, including the function of four following types：(1) circuit
Defencive function, including traditional thermo-magnetic circuit protection, short-circuit protection, overload protection, earth-fault protection, electric arc fault protection
And/or other types of protection as needed, (2) subcircuits function of measuring, including public utilities grade measure only (±
0.2%) with the value for adding timestamp, (3) are relayed for operating the remote control function of controllable contact, including ON/OFF control
Function, itself and circuit breaker trip mechanism independence, (4) wiredly and/or wirelessly communication function, including for sending and receiving instrument control
The function of system and status information, for the standby functions communicated during outage condition, and optional load is specifically controlled
Feature/signal, connection load which is configured to control specific type are (all if directly charging to electric vehicle (EV)
Electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) form of chopper, the opening directly through the circuit and closure pass through low pressure
What signal transmission substantially eliminated the needs of control thermostat can directly and independently controlled fan, compressor and heating
The HVAC choppers of unit, and including the lighting control circuit breaker of dimming capability；LER choppers as described in this article 240
Another example, wherein it is possible to using the specific controlling feature of load so that as needed the local energy source of connection is connected and
Shut-off).In the exemplary embodiment, under the control of microcontroller 401 function (2)-(4) can be such as but not limited to micro-
Processor or any other appropriate processing meanss.Although additionally, in the exemplary embodiment, function (1) is not by microcontroller
401 controls, it is to be understood that in an alternative embodiment, function (1) can also receive controlling for microcontroller 401.And, in figure
In the embodiment shown, PVM choppers 400 also include the indicator feature (being labeled as (5)) controlled by microprocessor 401, to refer to
Show such as malfunction and/or flow through the information of the electric current of PVM choppers 400.
Proceed the individual or element to the system 200 according to exemplary embodiment and operation detailed description it
Before, below by reference to Fig. 5,6 and 7, describe in detail such as in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0211345 and 2014/
The example implementations of the PVM choppers 400 illustrated in 0214218.
PVM choppers 400 can be supported to carry out charging to user for the energy consumed by PVM choppers 400.Example
Such as, function of measuring 402 (Fig. 5) is using depositing in logic circuit 404 (Fig. 5 and 6) permanent data base 408 in store 410
The energy value 406 that storage is added timestamp.Function of measuring 402 and logic circuit 404 are all in the inside the shell of PVM choppers 400.At some
In timestamp, energy value 406 can be " marked " to belong to some specific users, this be these some specific users in it is each
Individual offer energy distribution.For example, when electric loading 412 (illustrating in drawing in dotted line) is inserted into, energy suitably can be divided
The specific power circuit of dispensing (for example distributes to electric loading 412 at terminal 414,416 and (shows in dotted line drawing in Figure 5
Go out)).
Power supply, such as electric public service 418 (dotted line in figs. 5 and 6 is illustrated in drawing), in distribution board or load
Circuit breaker connector (breaker stab) 420 (such as from live line or bus (not shown)) and neutrality at the (not shown) of center
Tap 422 (for example, to neutral bus (not shown))) supply electric power, when power supply is ready to user's charging, can be with various
Mode is by (being such as not limited to Wi-Fi via ECP Extended Capabilities Port 424 (Fig. 6) or alternately through built-in wave point；It is blue
Tooth) communication that carries out to be completing.A kind of illustrative methods are broken in the master from corresponding distribution board or load centre (not shown)
Road device (it is not shown, but in addition to relatively large load current value, its can it is substantially identical with chopper 400 or
It is similar) reading when gross energy " meter reading ".The value of " meter reading " with for example from the previous moon reading " instrument read
The value of number " compares, and to difference charging.
Alternatively, electric public service 418 can all download the data base 408 of each chopper (such as 400), fit
Local inquiry energy value 406, the rate structure that then use time is stabbed, specific circuit and any assignment flag application are appropriate.
Fig. 5-7 illustrates exemplary controllable PVM choppers 400, and which can be included for communication and/or some different attached
Plus the optional support part of module 426, as will be discussed.
With reference to Fig. 5, exemplary PVM choppers 400 can include some optional add-on modules 426.By in power supply 418
And exchange (AC) electrical path of the PVM choppers 400 between load 412 includes thermo-magnetic defencive function 428, function of measuring 402
With controllable separable contacts 430.AC-DC power supplys 432 are electric to such as logic circuit 404 and the supply DC of telecommunication circuit 434.Substitute
Property ground, D/C power 432 may be located at the outside of PVM choppers 400 and to its supply DC it is electric.Some optional add-on modules 426
Specific logic and/or I/O functions and telecommunication circuit 436 can be provided.Optional remote software function 438,440 can be with optional
Ground is communicated with telecommunication circuit 434,436.
Fig. 6 illustrates the more details of exemplary PVM choppers 400, and which includes outside circuit breaker handle 442, handle 442 with
Thermal-magnetic trip function 428 is cooperated with corresponding separable contacts 429 (Fig. 7) of opening, close and/or reset, by logic circuit 404
The OK indicators 444 of control and the test/SR 446 to the input of logic circuit 404.
In this example, live line and the neutral conductor pass through PVM choppers 400 and corresponding current sensor 448,449,
Separable contacts 430A, 430B of voltage sensor 450,451 and every line or electric conductor.The power measurement of function of measuring 402
Circuit 452 exports corresponding work(from current sensor 448,449 and the input of voltage sensor 450,451 and to logic circuit 404
Rate value, logic circuit 404 provide corresponding adding in the data base 408 of memorizer 410 using timer/clock function 454
The energy value 406 of timestamp.Current sensor 448,449 can be electrically connected in series with corresponding separable contacts 430A, 430B
Connect, can be coupled to the current transformer of electric lines of force or can be any appropriate current sensing device.Voltage sensor
450th, 451 corresponding electric lines of force can be electrically connected in series to corresponding separable contacts 430A, 430B, can be that voltage is mutual
Sensor can be any appropriate voltage sensing device.
Fig. 7 is the exemplary line chart of exemplary PVM choppers 400.Although showing a phase (such as live line and neutrality
Point), but disclosed design can be applicable to the PVM choppers with any number of phase or electrode.(do not shown by reaching bus
Go out) terminal 420 receive live line.Electric current flows through the first breaking element 429 of thermo-magnetic overload protection function 428, and passes through one
The controllable separable contacts 430 (only illustrating one group of contact of live line in this example) of group flow to face terminals 414.First electric current
Transformer (CT) 448 provides the current sense and Earth Fault Detection arranged with customizable tripping operation.Carry out self-supported 412 return
Current path (Fig. 5) is provided from load end 416 and returns to neutral tap 422 for load neutral point, to be electrically connected to such as distribution
The neutral conductor of disk or load centre (not shown).2nd CT 449 provides the current sense and ground connection arranged with customizable tripping operation
Fault detect.The output of CT 448,449 is input into by logic circuit 404, and logic circuit 404 controls controllable separable contacts 430.
Power supply 432 receives electric power from live line and the neutral conductor.Logic circuit telecommunication circuit 434 is also outputted to the communication of ECP Extended Capabilities Port 424
End points 456 (Fig. 6).
Fig. 2 is referred again to, the element of the system 200 according to unrestriced exemplary embodiment will now be described.System 200 is wrapped
Include the mains supply 205 for being coupled to master instrument 210.Load centre 215 is coupled to the output of master instrument 210 for from mains supply
205 utility network there receives public power.Load centre 215 includes the main circuit breaker 220 for being coupled to master instrument 210.Replacing
In for property embodiment, master instrument 210 can be omitted, and load centre 215 is directly connected to mains supply 205.This replace any
For in property embodiment, function of measuring can be provided by main circuit breaker 220 on the contrary, and main circuit breaker 220 is configured with as described below
This function of measuring.
Load centre 215 also includes main bus-bar 225 and is coupled to some branch breakers 230 of main bus-bar 225.Such as Fig. 2
In it is visible, each branch breaker 230 is coupled to one of association load or some loads 235.In the exemplary enforcement of diagram
In example, load centre 215 is fed for special circuit, it is meant that each branch breaker 230 is fed and coupled for single load 235
To single load 235 (however, each load 235 is not necessarily special circuit).However, it is to be understood that this be intended to it is simply exemplary
, the group of wherein non-application specific circuitry and/or special circuit and non-application specific circuitry in the range of disclosed design, can also be used
The other configurations of conjunction.Load centre 215 also includes the LER choppers 240 of the local energy source 245 with coupling thereon.This
Ground energy source 245 can be any kind of distributed power source, such as, but not limited to using PV modules, electromotor, wind turbine
The distributed power source of machine, natural gas turbines or battery storage.
In unrestriced exemplary embodiment illustrated, main circuit breaker 220, branch breaker 230 and LER choppers
240 is the PVM choppers 400 that other places describe in detail herein respectively.Therefore, each in these choppers has
There are circuit protection function as described in this article, subcircuits function of measuring, remote control function and communication function (Fig. 4).
And, as shown in Figure 2, load centre 215 includes control assembly 250.Control assembly 250 is configured to as herein
Described in control system 200 operation, and be specifically configured to and illustrate in being programmed to realize Fig. 3 and below
The control method of detailed description.Control assembly 250 can be resided in load centre 215 Anywhere, such as in main open circuit
In device 220, branch breaker 230, LER choppers 240, or can extend and be distributed in these elements one or more
On.In an alternative embodiment, control assembly can be with processor and the programmable storage being inserted in load centre 215
The computing device of device.In another alternate embodiment, control assembly is may be located at away from load centre 215, still such as
Each side with load centre 250 described herein communicate or control it.The exemplary enforcement being described herein
In example, for diagrammatic purposes, control assembly 250 forms a part for main circuit breaker 220 so that main circuit breaker 220 is potentially acted as
The system coordination person of load centre 215.
With reference to Fig. 3, the control method of the disclosed design according to exemplary embodiment will now be described.Methods described is in step
Rapid 300 start, wherein, detect the power-off at mains supply 205.In the exemplary embodiment, by main circuit breaker 220 by sense
Survey has decreased below certain predetermined level to detect this power-off from the voltage of mains supply 205.Then, in step
305, control assembly 250 opens main circuit breaker 220 with the master load centre 215 and local energy source 245 and mains supply 205
Electrical network is isolated.Then, in step 310, control assembly is by transmitting control signal (by appropriate wired to LER choppers 240
Or wireless connection) make LER choppers 240 be opened.Alternatively, step 305 and 310 order can be exchanged so that step
Rapid 310 are executed first, and are step 305 afterwards.Then, in step 315, which of branch breaker 230 be control assembly 250 recognize
(if any) will not receive non-firm power from local energy source 245 a bit.This step can be performed in a variety of ways, and including
Based on one or more store and/or measurement parameter and/or function determine which chopper to receive non-firm power which
Chopper does not receive non-firm power.For example, control assembly 250 can be programmed to identification and standby electricity will be received under powering-off state
Some predetermined loads (i.e. " critical loads ") of the load 235 of power, therefore in step 315, be not " critical loads " by identification
Load 235.The programming of " critical loads " and identification in this specific implementation can pass through public utilities and/or load centre
215 local user is carried out, therefore, this respect of disclosed design is carried by allowing the dynamic load management in outage condition
For the big motility of non-firm power supply.The programming and identification of " critical loads " can also be prioritized so that when
When detecting power-off, based on according to the predetermined available electric power of priority, load 235 can be selected as receiving non-firm power.Replace
For property ground, control assembly 250 can be programmed to be dynamically selected load based on predetermined parameter (such as time and/or date)
Those loads that non-firm power is received in 235, some loads 235 of the current state based on these parameters are identified for connecing
Receive non-firm power.And, many additional substituting control programs are also possible.For example, in a substituting control program
In, each load 235 is identified as " crucial " or " non-key " in advance, control assembly 250 with by the branch circuit break for associating
The continuous data cooperation of the measurement of device 230 with guarantee to make local energy source 245 transship/fatigue is (i.e. without requiring more than locally
The supplied capacity of energy source) make " key " as much as possible load work.In another substituting control program, each load
235 are allocated a priority, and for example, " 1 " is limit priority, etc..Control assembly 250 then with broken by the branch road for associating
The continuous data cooperation of the measurement of road device 230 with guarantee to make local energy source 245 transship/fatigue make it is as much as possible most
The load 235 of high priority can work.Therefore, the first exemplary arrangement provided above is substantially this second control program
Two priority examples.In another other substituting control program, each load 235 is allocated priority and preferred
" run time ".Then control assembly 250 cooperates with guaranteeing limit priority as much as possible with continuous data and time data
Load 235 is operable to its specific run time, and at the end of the run time of load 235, other are relatively low excellent
The load 235 of first level closes can the branch breaker 230 of its association.In another substituting control program, control assembly
250 can perform any one in scheme above, and by " user's covering " component therein, user can select to be opened
And/or the specific branch breaker 230 of closure.
After step 315, method proceeds to step 320, wherein, control assembly 250 causes what is recognized in step 315
Branch breaker 230B is opened.Then, in step 325, control assembly 250 makes signal (use these to local energy source 245
Appropriate wiredly and/or wirelessly connection between component) send, this causes local energy source 245 to be activated.Then, in step
330, control assembly 250 by make signal send to LER choppers 240 (use appropriate wired between these components and/or
It is wireless to connect) so that LER choppers 240 are closed.After step 330, method proceeds to step 335, wherein, system 200
Can be by the operation power from local energy source 245, electric power is provided to identified any negative in step 315
Carry 235.
In step 340, to whether the recovered utility power at mains supply 205 is determined.If answer is
Negate, then method return to step 335.Now, the user of load centre 215 can be reconfigured using control assembly 250 and be
System, to change in (or closure) branch breaker 230 opened and the load 235 for also receiving electric power.For example, if
In power cut-off incident, user determines that they need once to be confirmed as the load 235 of " non-key " or low priority at the beginning now,
Then user now can closed circuit, and if desired, open another circuit of lower priority, to prevent local generating
The fatigue (as described below) in source 240.For example, if the user determine that their needs are " non-to being once confirmed as at the beginning
It is crucial " EV recharges, then and user can select temporary close its air-conditioning unit, to allow that its EV is charged.Then, once
EV has been sufficiently charged, then user can select to close EVSE, reopen its air-conditioning unit.This provides the user tradition
The substantial amounts of extra motility that can not provide of system and plasticity.It should be noted, however, that the negative of connection will be managed/be matched
235 are carried, so as not to making the capacity fatigue of local energy source 245 and or which is fed back circuit breaker trip or is made its mistake
Degree fatigue arrives trouble point.In the exemplary embodiment, control assembly 250 includes the control for helping the management for loading 235 and matching
Feature, to prevent the fatigue of local energy source 245.For example, before any change is carried out, control assembly 250 can be with
Continuous data is checked, and determines that change there can be anything to affect loading demand, and prevent from causing appointing for fatigue condition
What changes.However, if the answer at step 340 place is affirmative, method proceeds to step 345, wherein, control assembly 250
LER choppers 240 are made to be opened.Then, in step 350, control assembly 250 is deactivated local energy source 245.Afterwards,
In step 355, control assembly 250 is closed main circuit breaker 220.Then, in step 360, control assembly 250 is by those
Branch breaker 230 sends one or more signals (using the appropriate wiredly and/or wirelessly connection between these components) and makes
All of branch breaker 230 is closed.Alternatively, step 355 and 360 order can be exchanged so that step 360 is first
It is step 355 after first carrying out.Finally, in step 365, control assembly 250 makes local energy source 245 be activated so that since
Power-off has been corrected, and local energy source 245 can return the mains supply 205 of reverse feeding.
Therefore, shown in Fig. 3 and method as described above provide under powering-off state via local energy source switch
The release mechanism of utility power to non-firm power, is returned after power is turned off, its complexity for not needing price high and inflexible is cut
Converting mechanism, such as ATS (Fig. 1).
And, although the system shown in Fig. 2 200 and the method with regard to Fig. 3 descriptions only include single local energy source
245, it is to be understood that disclosed design may be also used in and including multiple local energy sources 245 and multiple LER choppers 240 be
In system.In such substituting implementation, the method such as realized in control assembly 250 may need to ensure that multiple local
Energy source 245 can be mutually in step.In one exemplary embodiment, a local energy source 245 elevated can become to be " public
With cause ", and main bus-bar 225 can be connected to.Then the local energy source 245 is provided therewith for other local energy sources 245
Synchronous moistening voltage (wetting voltage).In another alternate embodiment, control assembly 250 is configured with regard to this
The metadata of ground energy source 245, such as weather data for solar energy embodiment or the fuel for generator embodiment disappear
The fuel capacity of consumption, the continuous data received from branch breaker 230 can be used to predict local energy source 245 can continue to
The load 235 of connection provides " the remaining uptime " of electric power how long.By important system can be derived from
The addition of the metadata of (such as, but not limited to " remaining uptime ") is counted, load can be more intelligently made
Management decision-making.
In another alternate embodiment, the local energy source 245 shown in Fig. 2 (can not be such as lived in Customer Location
Residence) provide, but be intended to for the local of one group of utility customer in distribution system (such as " neighbours " local energy source)
Energy source.For example, local energy source 245 can be local energy storage device (such as battery), and if it happens which be configured to
Power-off, then for specific region in some customer services.In such an arrangement, one or more clients can have as herein
Described in load centre 215, load centre 215 has the LER choppers 240 of coupling so far " neighbours " local energy source 245.
Therefore, as described in this article, each client with this load centre 215 is can determine in the event of which load of power-off
215 can receive non-firm power from " neighbours " local energy source 245.Additionally, in the exemplary embodiment, due to main circuit breaker 220,
LER choppers 240 and branch breaker 230 are each PVM choppers 400 as described in this article with function of measuring, are carried
It is possible to carry out charging to client for its usage amount for the public utilities of " neighbours " local energy source 245.In one example,
Client's usage amount can be unrestricted, and any electric power for consumption is paid by client.In another embodiment, client can recognize
The non-firm power of the purchase specified quantitative of (and payment) under powering-off state, its access to " neighbours " local energy source can be confined to by
Which subscribes the amount of power (once having consumed the amount of power subscribed, then LER choppers 240 can be opened) of covering.This
In the case of, client may want to the load 235 for managing load centre 215 as described in this article on one's own initiative, so as to rationing
The electric power that they can obtain.
Although describe in detail the specific embodiment of disclosed design, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that root
According to the entire teaching of the disclosure, the various modifications to these details and replacement can be developed.Therefore, disclosed concrete arrangement architecture
It is intended to simply schematically, is not the restriction with regard to the scope to disclosed design, the scope of disclosed design is endowed appended
Whole ranges of claim and its any and whole equivalents.
Claims (15)
1. one kind is used for the equipment (215) for managing electrical system (200), including：
Main circuit breaker (220), which is configured to be coupled to mains supply (205)；
LER choppers (240), which is configured to be coupled to local energy source (245)；
Some branch breakers (230), each branch breaker are configured to be coupled to one or more loads (235)；And
Control assembly (250), the control assembly are configured to respond to the determination that power-off is just being experienced in the mains supply：
The main circuit breaker is made to be opened；
Determine some branch breakers which or multiple to receive non-firm power from the local energy source；
The branch breaker is made to be configured so that one or more branch roads for the described some branch breakers for only determining
Chopper is in closure condition；And
The local energy source is made to be activated.
2. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the control assembly be configured to make the LER choppers it is determined that
Some branch breakers which or it is multiple to be opened before receiving non-firm power from the local energy source, and make
The LER choppers are closed after the local energy source is activated.
3. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the main circuit breaker, the LER choppers and the branch breaker
Each include for operating the remote control function of its controllable contact, the communication function for sending and receiving information, use
In function of measuring and circuit protection function including thermo-magnetic circuit protection of the metering by the amount of power of its consumption.
4. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the control element quilt：I () is provided as of the main circuit breaker
Point, the part for (ii) be provided as in the LER choppers or the branch breaker, (iii) with the main open circuit
Each of device, the LER choppers and the branch breaker is remotely provided, or (iv) be distributed in the main circuit breaker,
The LER choppers and some branch breakers it is two or more on.
5. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the control assembly is configured to make the LER choppers described
Main circuit breaker is opened after being opened, and wherein, the control assembly is configured to make LER choppers at described local
Power supply is closed after being activated.
6. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the control assembly is configured to respond to be over really in power-off
It is fixed, make the LER choppers be opened, be deactivated the local energy source, be closed the main circuit breaker, make to own
Described some branch breakers be closed, and make the local energy source be activated.
7. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the control assembly is configured to based on some branch breakers
The storage of one or more predetermined identification, determine some branch breakers which or it is multiple will be from described local
Energy source receives non-firm power.
8. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the control assembly is configured to based on one or more of loads
The storage of each predetermined priority, determine some branch breakers which or it is multiple will be from described local
Power supply receives non-firm power.
9. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the control assembly is constructed hook based on being measured by the control assembly
, determine or reception one or more predefined parameters, determine some branch breakers which or it is multiple will be from
The local energy source receives non-firm power.
10. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the control assembly is configured to be swashed in the local energy source
When living, by guaranteeing by the loading demand of one or more of some branch breakers not over described local
The mode of the supplied capacity of power supply selects one or more branch breakers of some branch breakers, determines described some
Branch breaker which or multiple to receive non-firm power from the local energy source.
11. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, if the control assembly is configured to be based on distributes to the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches
The predetermined priority of the storage of each of circuit breaker, determine some branch breakers which or it is multiple will be from institute
State local energy source and receive non-firm power.
12. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the control assembly is also structured to when the local energy source quilt
Guarantee during activation that the maximum number of branch breaker connects in the case of the supplied capacity less than the local energy source
Non-firm power is received, and wherein, one or more for described some branch breakers that non-firm power is received are based on distribution
Determine to the predetermined priority of the storage of each of some branch breakers.
13. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, if the control assembly is configured to be based on distributes to the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches
The predetermined priority of the storage of each of circuit breaker and the predetermined running time of storage, determine some branch breakers
Which or multiple to receive non-firm power from the local energy source.
14. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the control assembly is configured to during power-off and at described
After ground energy source is activated, by be received in the branch breaker of electric power some and do not receive the institute of electric power
Stating some other the identification in branch breaker is reconfigured the electrical system, and to this response, makes described
Circuit breaker is configured so that more described in closure condition in only described branch breaker.
A kind of 15. methods for controlling electrical system (200), the electrical system (200) are included in load centre (215) and carry
For and main circuit breaker (220) that be coupled to mains supply (205), the load centre provide and be coupled to local generating
The LER choppers (240) in source (245) and the load centre provide and be each coupled to one or more load (235)
Some branch breakers (230), methods described includes：
Determine that the mains supply is experiencing power-off in the load centre；
In response to determining that the mains supply is experiencing power-off, make institute by first communication information being provided to the main circuit breaker
State main circuit breaker to be opened；
Determine some branch breakers which or multiple to receive non-firm power from the local energy source；
The branch breaker is made to be configured so that by the described some branch breakers except non-firm power is received
It is one or more of outside branch breaker provide second communication information, the described some branch breakers for only determining
One or more be in closure condition；And
The local energy source is made to be activated by providing third communication information to the local energy source.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US201462045864P | 2014-09-04 | 2014-09-04 | |
| US62/045,864 | 2014-09-04 | ||
| PCT/US2015/024423 WO2016036419A1 (en) | 2014-09-04 | 2015-04-06 | System and method for switching an electrical system to backup power during a utility power outage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106688155A true CN106688155A (en) | 2017-05-17 |
| CN106688155B CN106688155B (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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| CN201580046802.9A Active CN106688155B (en) | 2014-09-04 | 2015-04-06 | System and method for switching electrical system to standby power in a utility power outage |
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| EP (1) | EP3189572A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN106688155B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112017003386B1 (en) |
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| MX (1) | MX2017002146A (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP3189572A1 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
| MX2017002146A (en) | 2017-05-03 |
| CA2959590A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
| WO2016036419A1 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
| BR112017003386B1 (en) | 2022-08-09 |
| BR112017003386A2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
| RU2690008C1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
| CN106688155B (en) | 2020-11-17 |
| CA2959590C (en) | 2023-10-10 |
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