CN106678551A - A high-pressure CO2 pipeline leak detection system and method - Google Patents
A high-pressure CO2 pipeline leak detection system and method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于CO2管道泄漏检测的技术领域，尤其涉及一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of CO2 pipeline leakage detection, and in particular relates to a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system and method.
背景技术Background technique
随着全球温室效应的日益严重，世界各国也越来越重视温室气体的减排。而CO2是造成温室效应的最主要的温室气体，对全球升温的贡献百分比来说，CO2约占55％。因此CCUS(碳捕集、运输、埋存及利用)技术应运而生，碳捕集是将工业、能源等产业所产生出来的CO2分离出来，再通过碳存储手段将CO2输送到海底或者地下等与大气隔绝的地方。这是减少CO2排放、对付全球气候变暖的有力武器。然而排放CO2与封存地之间距离相隔几千万千米，因此，在捕集地点和埋存地点需要用管道输送CO2是比较快捷经济的方式。With the increasing severity of the global greenhouse effect, countries around the world are paying more and more attention to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. CO 2 is the most important greenhouse gas that causes the greenhouse effect, and it accounts for about 55% of the contribution percentage to global warming. Therefore, CCUS (carbon capture, transport, storage and utilization) technology came into being. Carbon capture is to separate the CO 2 produced by industry, energy and other industries, and then transport the CO 2 to the seabed or Underground and other places isolated from the atmosphere. This is a powerful weapon to reduce CO 2 emissions and combat global warming. However, the distance between the emission of CO 2 and the storage site is tens of millions of kilometers. Therefore, it is relatively fast and economical to use pipelines to transport CO 2 at the capture site and storage site.
纯净的CO2是无色、无味、无毒、不可燃的物质。纯CO2的三相点为0.52MPa、-56℃；临界点为7.4MPa、31℃。当高于临界点压力和温度时，CO2处于超临界或密相状态，此时，CO2具有液体的密度、气体的粘性和压缩性，对于管道运输是最有效率的。因此，为了提高CO2管道输送效率，CO2管道通常在高压(超临界态或密相)下输送。虽然CO2不具有像天然气那样的易燃易爆炸的特性，但是，如此高压的二氧化碳一旦发生泄漏事故非常危险，致死率极高。二氧化碳高压运输管道发生泄漏后，最为直接的伤害就是其强大的气流可以直接杀死喷射方向、喷射范围内的人员，其次是造成附近环境内二氧化碳浓度过大，造成大脑缺氧甚至窒息死亡。Pure CO2 is a colorless, odourless, non-toxic, non-flammable substance. The triple point of pure CO 2 is 0.52MPa, -56°C; the critical point is 7.4MPa, 31°C. When the pressure and temperature are above the critical point, CO2 is in a supercritical or dense phase state. At this time, CO2 has the density of a liquid, the viscosity and compressibility of a gas, and is most efficient for pipeline transportation. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of CO2 pipeline transportation, CO2 pipelines are usually transported under high pressure (supercritical state or dense phase). Although CO 2 is not as flammable and explosive as natural gas, once such high-pressure carbon dioxide leaks, it is very dangerous and has a high fatality rate. After the carbon dioxide high-pressure transportation pipeline leaks, the most direct harm is that its powerful airflow can directly kill people in the spray direction and spray range, and secondly, it will cause excessive carbon dioxide concentration in the surrounding environment, resulting in brain hypoxia or even death by suffocation.
传统的管道检测方法，例如人工定期检查在检查CO2管道泄露时，因为CO2具有无色无味的特点，通常在CO2管道发生泄漏时不易被常规方法检测出来。因此，研究CO2管道的泄漏检测技术尤为重要。现有的CO2管道泄露的检测方法，根据流出和流入管道的介质质量/体积之间的差值判断CO2管道的泄漏。但是CO2管道泄露的检测方法不能对泄漏点进行定位，而且实时性较差；并且对于小孔径泄漏无能为力。Traditional pipeline detection methods, such as manual regular inspection, are used to check CO2 pipeline leaks. Because CO2 is colorless and odorless, it is not easy to be detected by conventional methods when CO2 pipeline leaks occur. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the leak detection technology of CO2 pipelines. The existing CO2 pipeline leakage detection method judges the CO2 pipeline leakage according to the difference between the mass/volume of the medium flowing out and flowing into the pipeline. However, the detection method of CO 2 pipeline leakage cannot locate the leakage point, and the real-time performance is poor; and it is helpless for small-diameter leakage.
然而，目前的大部分技术都是油气管道泄漏检测的技术，对于CO2这种特殊气体的管道安全控制与泄漏检测的技术相对较少。在目前CO2管道泄露的检测方法的前沿领域主要的研究方向为声学测量法。声学测量法是利用CO2泄漏时发出的“声音”确定漏点位置，主要包括应力波检测法和声发射检测法，其中应力波检测法使用比较广泛。当CO2管道发生泄漏时，泄漏气体与泄漏孔壁的摩擦会产生应力波，此应力波沿管壁传播，利用管道两端安装的对应力波敏感的压电传感器，根据互相关原理计算两个压电传感器接受到的时间差估算泄漏点位置。但是应力波在传播过程中会有各种各样噪声的干扰，例如工频噪声、环境噪声等，影响泄漏点检测的准确性。However, most of the current technologies are oil and gas pipeline leak detection technologies, and there are relatively few technologies for pipeline safety control and leak detection of CO2 , a special gas. The main research direction in the frontier field of CO2 pipeline leakage detection method is acoustic measurement method. The acoustic measurement method is to use the "sound" emitted by CO2 leakage to determine the location of the leak point, mainly including stress wave detection method and acoustic emission detection method, among which the stress wave detection method is widely used. When a CO2 pipeline leaks, the friction between the leaking gas and the wall of the leak hole will generate a stress wave, and the stress wave will propagate along the pipe wall. Using the piezoelectric sensors sensitive to stress waves installed at both ends of the pipeline, calculate the two The time difference received by each piezoelectric sensor is used to estimate the location of the leak point. However, there will be various noise interference during the stress wave propagation process, such as power frequency noise, environmental noise, etc., which will affect the accuracy of leak point detection.
中国专利文献CN104456091A公开了一种基于3×3耦合器的光纤干涉仪CO2管道泄漏检测装置有效解决了应力波检测方法中因噪声干扰应力波传播影响泄漏点检测准确性的问题。该装置包括信号发射与处理系统、光纤传感系统、信号分析系统、光源、第一单模光纤、第一耦合器、第二单模光纤、光环形器、第三单模光纤、第四单模光纤、第五单模光纤、第二耦合器、第一传感光纤、第二传感光纤、第一光电转换器、第二光电转换器、第一解调模块、第二解调模块、计算机。光信号经光电转换器转换成电信号，再经过解调，进入计算机，确定泄漏状况和泄漏点位置。本装置可检测管道沿线泄漏情况，尤其适合对大管径管道进行检测，对于CO2这种特殊的运输气体，在泄漏时会伴有大幅度温降，由于光纤工作温度范围大，使装置在温降下仍具有很高的灵敏度和定位精度。Chinese patent document CN104456091A discloses a 3×3 coupler-based optical fiber interferometer CO2 pipeline leak detection device, which effectively solves the problem that the accuracy of leak point detection is affected by noise interference stress wave propagation in the stress wave detection method. The device includes a signal transmission and processing system, an optical fiber sensing system, a signal analysis system, a light source, a first single-mode optical fiber, a first coupler, a second single-mode optical fiber, an optical circulator, a third single-mode optical fiber, and a fourth single-mode optical fiber. mode fiber, fifth single-mode fiber, second coupler, first sensing fiber, second sensing fiber, first photoelectric converter, second photoelectric converter, first demodulation module, second demodulation module, computer. The optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by a photoelectric converter, and then demodulated, and then enters the computer to determine the leakage status and location of the leakage point. This device can detect the leakage along the pipeline, especially suitable for the detection of large-diameter pipelines. For CO2 , a special transport gas, there will be a large temperature drop when it leaks. Due to the large operating temperature range of the optical fiber, the device can It still has high sensitivity and positioning accuracy under temperature drop.
华北电力大学马一凡的论文“基于声学传感器的管道泄漏定位研究”公开了一种基于声发射的CO2运输管道泄漏检测平台，属于声发射检测法，采用多传感器数据融合算法提高定位精度，将泄漏孔上下游的传感器分别分为两组，两组信号分别进行互相关，为了去除背景噪声干扰，提取声发射信号的特征，对声信号采用小波变换以及经验模态分解进行重构，增加检测系统的容错性以及定位准确性。但是，该论文中采用了管道内压为0.5MPa、气态CO2在管道中传播的泄漏定位问题，而在实际CCUS技术应用中，CO2在管道中是以超临界状态传输的，且仅考虑CO2管道为理想直管的区段，未考虑管道焊缝和连接法兰或者弯道情况下声信号传播的畸变问题。Ma Yifan of North China Electric Power University's paper "Research on Pipeline Leakage Location Based on Acoustic Sensors" discloses a CO2 transportation pipeline leak detection platform based on acoustic emission, which belongs to the acoustic emission detection method and uses multi-sensor data fusion algorithm to improve the positioning accuracy. The sensors upstream and downstream of the leak hole are divided into two groups, and the signals of the two groups are cross-correlated. In order to remove the background noise interference and extract the characteristics of the acoustic emission signal, the acoustic signal is reconstructed by wavelet transform and empirical mode decomposition. The fault tolerance and positioning accuracy of the detection system. However, in this paper, the leakage location problem of pipeline internal pressure of 0.5MPa and gaseous CO2 propagating in the pipeline is adopted. In the actual application of CCUS technology, CO2 is transported in a supercritical state in the pipeline, and only the CO2 pipeline is considered It is a section of an ideal straight pipe, and the distortion of the acoustic signal propagation in the case of pipe welds and connecting flanges or bends is not considered.
综上所述，现有技术中对于高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道检测中存在的泄漏点定位不准确、精度低、检测效率低、且实时性、灵敏性较差的问题，以及对于小孔径的泄漏点存在漏检的问题，尚缺乏有效的解决方案。To sum up, in the prior art, for the problems of inaccurate location of leak points, low precision, low detection efficiency, poor real-time performance and sensitivity in the detection of high-pressure (supercritical or dense phase) CO2 pipelines, And there is still a lack of effective solutions for the problem of missed detection of leak points with small apertures.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明为了解决上述问题，克服现有技术中对于高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道检测中存在的泄漏点定位不准确、精度低、检测效率低、且实时性、灵敏性较差的问题，以及对于小孔径的泄漏点存在漏检的问题，提供一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统及方法。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention overcomes the inaccurate location of leak points, low precision, low detection efficiency, and poor real-time and sensitivity in the detection of high-pressure (supercritical or dense-phase) CO2 pipelines in the prior art problems, as well as the problem of missed detection of leak points with small apertures, a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leak detection system and method are provided.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统，该系统包括传感光纤、主机、信号处理装置和主控系统，所述传感光纤设置于高压CO2管道下层土壤中，所述传感光纤与所述主机连接，所述传感光纤接收所述主机发送的信号，并反馈信号至主机，所述主机将反馈信号传输至信号处理装置进行处理，所述信号处理装置与所述主控系统连接；A high-pressure CO2 pipeline leak detection system, the system includes a sensing optical fiber, a host, a signal processing device and a main control system, the sensing optical fiber is set in the lower soil of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline, and the sensing optical fiber is connected to the host , the sensing optical fiber receives the signal sent by the host, and feeds back the signal to the host, and the host transmits the feedback signal to a signal processing device for processing, and the signal processing device is connected to the main control system;
所述主机包括激光脉冲光源装置、散射光分离装置、光电探测装置和恒温装置，所述激光脉冲光源将脉冲信号发送至所述传感光纤，所述传感光纤的反馈信号依次经过所述恒温装置、散射光分离装置和光电探测装置至所述信号处理装置。The host includes a laser pulse light source device, a scattered light separation device, a photoelectric detection device and a constant temperature device. The laser pulse light source sends a pulse signal to the sensing fiber, and the feedback signal of the sensing fiber passes through the constant temperature successively. device, scattered light separation device and photodetection device to said signal processing device.
进一步的，所述主控系统包括服务器、显示单元、报警单元和数据库；所述服务器分别与所述显示单元、所述报警单元和所述数据库连接；Further, the main control system includes a server, a display unit, an alarm unit and a database; the server is respectively connected to the display unit, the alarm unit and the database;
所述服务器被配置为系统参数的设置单元、实时监测单元和数据实时记录单元，并将实时记录的数据传输至数据库进行存储；The server is configured as a system parameter setting unit, a real-time monitoring unit and a real-time data recording unit, and transmits the real-time recorded data to a database for storage;
所述显示单元被配置为显示处理后的实时反馈信号和CO2管道泄漏点的图形显示单元，处理后的实时反馈信号通过轨迹的形式显示；The display unit is configured as a graphic display unit for displaying the processed real-time feedback signal and the CO2 pipeline leakage point, and the processed real-time feedback signal is displayed in the form of a trajectory;
所述报警单元被配置为检测到有和CO2管道泄漏点时进行报警的单元；The alarm unit is configured as a unit for alarming when a CO2 pipeline leakage point is detected;
所述数据库被配置为存储传感光纤的反馈信号的单元。The database is configured as a unit for storing feedback signals of sensing fibers.
进一步的，所述主控系统将设置的系统参数通过信号发生器发送至所述激光脉冲光源装置，控制所述激光脉冲光源装置产生相应的脉冲信号。Further, the main control system sends the set system parameters to the laser pulse light source device through a signal generator, and controls the laser pulse light source device to generate corresponding pulse signals.
进一步的，所述恒温装置被配置为提供参考温度的传感光纤定标装置。Further, the constant temperature device is configured as a sensing optical fiber calibration device that provides a reference temperature.
进一步的，所述激光脉冲光源装置包括高脉冲半导体激光器和驱动电路，所述驱动电路接收所述信号发生器传输的信号，并驱动所述高脉冲半导体激光器产生相应的的脉冲信号。Further, the laser pulse light source device includes a high-pulse semiconductor laser and a driving circuit, the driving circuit receives the signal transmitted by the signal generator, and drives the high-pulse semiconductor laser to generate a corresponding pulse signal.
进一步的，所述散射光分离装置包括双向耦合器和波分复用器，所述双向耦合器和所述波分复用器连接，所述双向耦合器包括发光二极管和光敏双向管，所述双向耦合器的输入级是发光二极管、输出级是光敏双向管。Further, the scattered light separation device includes a bidirectional coupler and a wavelength division multiplexer, the bidirectional coupler is connected to the wavelength division multiplexer, the bidirectional coupler includes a light emitting diode and a photosensitive bidirectional tube, the The input stage of the bidirectional coupler is a light-emitting diode, and the output stage is a photosensitive bidirectional tube.
进一步的，所述光电探测装置包括光电二极管和主放大器，所述光电二极管分别与所述波分复用器和主放大器连接；所述光电二极管采用带尾纤、带前置放大器的雪崩光电二极管。Further, the photodetection device includes a photodiode and a main amplifier, and the photodiode is respectively connected to the wavelength division multiplexer and the main amplifier; the photodiode is an avalanche photodiode with a pigtail and a preamplifier .
进一步的，所述信号处理装置包括A/D采集单元和信号处理单元，所述A/D采集单元采集主放大器输出的放大信号，并进行A/D转换，所述信号处理单元对A/D转换后的放大信号进行调理、累加平均和去噪处理。Further, the signal processing device includes an A/D acquisition unit and a signal processing unit, the A/D acquisition unit acquires the amplified signal output by the main amplifier, and performs A/D conversion, and the signal processing unit performs A/D conversion The converted amplified signal is subjected to conditioning, cumulative averaging and denoising processing.
本发明为了解决上述问题，克服现有技术中对于高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道检测中存在的泄漏点定位不准确、精度低、检测效率低、且实时性、灵敏性较差的问题，以及对于小孔径的泄漏点存在漏检的问题，提供一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统的检测方法。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention overcomes the inaccurate location of leak points, low precision, low detection efficiency, and poor real-time and sensitivity in the detection of high-pressure (supercritical or dense-phase) CO2 pipelines in the prior art problems, as well as the problem of missed detection of leak points with small apertures, a detection method for a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system is provided.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统的检测方法，该方法包括以下步骤：A detection method of a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leak detection system, the method comprising the following steps:
(1)在高压CO2管道下方土壤中铺设传感光纤；(1) Lay sensing optical fiber in the soil under the high-pressure CO2 pipeline;
(2)在所述主控系统的服务器中人工设置系统参数，所述主控系统将系统参数通过信号发生器发送至所述激光脉冲光源装置，控制所述激光脉冲光源装置产生相应的脉冲信号；(2) Manually set system parameters in the server of the main control system, the main control system sends the system parameters to the laser pulse light source device through a signal generator, and controls the laser pulse light source device to generate corresponding pulse signals ;
(3)所述脉冲信号经所述双向耦合器传输至整个所述传感光纤，所述传感光纤根据光时域反射原理检测高压CO2管道泄漏点位置，并依次通过主机、信号处理装置和主控系统，由所述显示单元显示处理后的实时反馈信号和CO2管道泄漏点的图形显示，由所述报警单元进行报警。(3) The pulse signal is transmitted to the entire sensing fiber through the bidirectional coupler, and the sensing fiber detects the position of the leak point of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline according to the principle of optical time domain reflection, and passes through the host computer, signal processing device and In the main control system, the display unit displays the processed real-time feedback signal and the graphic display of the leak point of the CO2 pipeline, and the alarm unit gives an alarm.
进一步的，在所述步骤(3)中，高压CO2管道泄漏点通过拉曼原理和焦耳-汤普森效应由传感光纤进行检测。Further, in the step (3), the leakage point of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline is detected by the sensing fiber through the Raman principle and the Joule-Thompson effect.
本发明的原理为：Principle of the present invention is:
本发明进行高压CO2管道泄漏检测的原理主要包括三个部分：焦耳-汤普森效应、拉曼原理和光时域反射原理。The principle of the invention for detecting the leakage of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline mainly includes three parts: Joule-Thompson effect, Raman principle and optical time domain reflection principle.
拉曼原理：印度科学家拉曼首先在CCl4光谱中发现了当光与分子相互作用后，一部分光的波长会发生改变(颜色发生变化)，通过对于这些颜色发生变化的散射光的研究，可得到分子的信息。而拉曼散射由于分子热运动引起，所以拉曼散射光可以携带散射点的温度信息。Raman principle: Indian scientist Raman first discovered in the CCl4 spectrum that when light interacts with molecules, the wavelength of a part of the light will change (the color will change). molecular information. The Raman scattering is caused by the thermal motion of molecules, so the Raman scattered light can carry the temperature information of the scattering point.
焦耳-汤普森效应：高压CO2管道发生泄漏时，由于CO2的物性不同于油气，会发生强节流效应(焦耳-汤普森效应)，泄漏于土壤中的CO2流体温度相较于周围环境大幅度降低，有研究表明最低温度可达-78℃。从而，造成泄漏点处传感光纤所检测的温度发生剧烈变化，达到设定值时发出警报。Joule-Thompson effect: When a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leaks, because the physical properties of CO2 are different from oil and gas, a strong throttling effect (Joule-Thompson effect) will occur, and the temperature of the CO2 fluid leaked in the soil will be greatly reduced compared with the surrounding environment. Studies have shown that the lowest temperature can reach -78 ℃. As a result, the temperature detected by the sensing optical fiber at the leakage point changes drastically, and an alarm is issued when the temperature reaches the set value.
光时域反射原理：泄漏点的位置是通过光时域反射技术来测量的，首先对光纤发出信号，然后再观察信号从某一点返回的信息，如此反复，再将观察到的这些信息进行处理并以轨迹的形式表现出来，而这个轨迹所描绘的就是整段光纤的状态。根据光纤的时域散射的原理，由光时域反射距离测定的计算公式可得到泄漏点的位置。由此，分布式光纤泄漏检测系统可以完全实现对CO2泄漏点的定位。The principle of optical time domain reflection: the position of the leakage point is measured by optical time domain reflection technology. First, a signal is sent to the optical fiber, and then the information returned by the signal from a certain point is observed, and so on, and then the observed information is processed. And it is displayed in the form of a trajectory, and what this trajectory depicts is the state of the entire optical fiber. According to the principle of time-domain scattering of optical fiber, the position of the leakage point can be obtained from the calculation formula of optical time-domain reflection distance measurement. Thus, the distributed optical fiber leak detection system can fully realize the location of the CO2 leak point.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1、本发明的一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统的检测方法，创造性的结合了：焦耳-汤普森效应、拉曼原理和光时域反射原理，有效实现了高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道泄漏检测中的泄漏点定位准确、精度高、检测效率高、且有效调高了整个检测系统的实时性和灵敏性，同时，本发明采用传感光纤覆盖整个高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道区域，无需设置大量温度传感器，避免了温度传感器的维护问题和成本高的问题。1. The detection method of a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system of the present invention creatively combines: Joule-Thompson effect, Raman principle and optical time domain reflection principle, effectively realizes high-pressure (supercritical state or dense phase) CO2 pipeline Leak point location in leak detection is accurate, with high precision and high detection efficiency, and effectively improves the real-time and sensitivity of the entire detection system. At the same time, the present invention uses sensing optical fibers to cover the entire high voltage (supercritical state or dense phase) In the CO2 pipeline area, there is no need to install a large number of temperature sensors, which avoids the maintenance and high cost of temperature sensors.
2、本发明的一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统，设置了恒温装置和双向耦合器，恒温装置：用来解决传感光纤的定标，提供参考温度；双向耦合器：用于驱动双向晶闸管，提高控制精度，输入级是发光二极管，输出级是光敏双向管；有效提高了测量结果的准确性；同时本发明采用具有更好的光探测能力的光电二极管，在光电检测单元和信号处理单元之间设置放大器，对电信号进行放大，提高检测精度。2. A high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system of the present invention is provided with a constant temperature device and a bidirectional coupler, the constant temperature device: used to solve the calibration of the sensing optical fiber, and provide a reference temperature; the bidirectional coupler: used to drive the bidirectional thyristor, To improve the control accuracy, the input stage is a light-emitting diode, and the output stage is a photosensitive bidirectional tube; the accuracy of the measurement result is effectively improved; at the same time, the present invention adopts a photodiode with better light detection ability, between the photoelectric detection unit and the signal processing unit An amplifier is set in between to amplify the electrical signal and improve the detection accuracy.
3、本发明的一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统，高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道下设置的传感光纤实时对整个高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道附近的土壤温度进行实时监测，主控系统实时记录监测数据，并将实时记录的数据传输至数据库进行存储，有效实现了高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统的实时性。3, a kind of high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system of the present invention, high-pressure (supercritical state or dense phase) CO2 The sensor optical fiber that arranges under the pipeline real-time to the whole high-pressure (supercritical state or dense phase) CO2 The soil temperature near the pipeline Real-time monitoring, the main control system records the monitoring data in real time, and transmits the real-time recorded data to the database for storage, effectively realizing the real-time performance of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
具体实施方式：detailed description:
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。It should be pointed out that the following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further explanation to the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。It should be noted that the terminology used here is only for describing specific implementations, and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular is intended to include the plural, and it should also be understood that when the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they mean There are features, steps, operations, means, components and/or combinations thereof.
在本发明的具体实施方式中所使用的车道机在本领域也被称为车道控制机。The lane machine used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is also called a lane control machine in the field.
在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。In the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1：Example 1:
本发明为了解决上述问题，克服现有技术中对于高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道检测中存在的泄漏点定位不准确、精度低、检测效率低、且实时性、灵敏性较差的问题，以及对于小孔径的泄漏点存在漏检的问题，提供一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统及方法。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention overcomes the inaccurate location of leak points, low precision, low detection efficiency, and poor real-time and sensitivity in the detection of high-pressure (supercritical or dense-phase) CO2 pipelines in the prior art problems, as well as the problem of missed detection of leak points with small apertures, a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leak detection system and method are provided.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统，如图1所示，该系统包括传感光纤、主机、信号处理装置和主控系统，所述传感光纤设置于高压CO2管道下层土壤中，所述传感光纤与所述主机连接，所述传感光纤接收所述主机发送的信号，并反馈信号至主机，所述主机将反馈信号传输至信号处理装置进行处理，所述信号处理装置与所述主控系统连接；A high-pressure CO2 pipeline leak detection system, as shown in Figure 1, the system includes a sensing optical fiber, a host, a signal processing device and a main control system, the sensing optical fiber is arranged in the lower soil of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline, and the sensing fiber The optical fiber is connected to the host, the sensing optical fiber receives the signal sent by the host, and feeds back the signal to the host, and the host transmits the feedback signal to the signal processing device for processing, and the signal processing device and the main control system connection;
所述主机包括激光脉冲光源装置、散射光分离装置、光电探测装置和恒温装置，所述激光脉冲光源将脉冲信号发送至所述传感光纤，所述传感光纤的反馈信号依次经过所述恒温装置、散射光分离装置和光电探测装置至所述信号处理装置。The host includes a laser pulse light source device, a scattered light separation device, a photoelectric detection device and a constant temperature device. The laser pulse light source sends a pulse signal to the sensing fiber, and the feedback signal of the sensing fiber passes through the constant temperature successively. device, scattered light separation device and photodetection device to said signal processing device.
在本实施例中，当高压CO2管道发生泄漏时，由于CO2的物性不同于油气，会发生强节流效应(焦耳-汤普森效应)，泄漏于土壤中的CO2流体温度相较于周围环境大幅度降低，最低温度可达-78℃。因此，所使用的传感光纤需要能够经受住-78℃的低温，所述传感光纤的外表面采用低温涂层。In this embodiment, when the high-pressure CO2 pipeline leaks, because the physical properties of CO2 are different from oil and gas, a strong throttling effect (Joule-Thompson effect) will occur, and the temperature of the CO2 fluid leaked in the soil is significantly higher than that of the surrounding environment. Lower, the lowest temperature can reach -78°C. Therefore, the used sensing fiber needs to be able to withstand the low temperature of -78°C, and the outer surface of the sensing fiber is coated with low temperature.
所述主控系统包括服务器、显示单元、报警单元和数据库；所述服务器分别与所述显示单元、所述报警单元和所述数据库连接；The main control system includes a server, a display unit, an alarm unit and a database; the server is connected to the display unit, the alarm unit and the database respectively;
所述服务器被配置为系统参数的设置单元、实时监测单元和数据实时记录单元，并将实时记录的数据传输至数据库进行存储；The server is configured as a system parameter setting unit, a real-time monitoring unit and a real-time data recording unit, and transmits the real-time recorded data to a database for storage;
所述显示单元被配置为显示处理后的实时反馈信号和CO2管道泄漏点的图形显示单元，处理后的实时反馈信号通过轨迹的形式显示；The display unit is configured as a graphic display unit for displaying the processed real-time feedback signal and the CO2 pipeline leakage point, and the processed real-time feedback signal is displayed in the form of a trajectory;
所述报警单元被配置为检测到有和CO2管道泄漏点时进行报警的单元；The alarm unit is configured as a unit for alarming when a CO2 pipeline leakage point is detected;
所述数据库被配置为存储传感光纤的反馈信号的单元。The database is configured as a unit for storing feedback signals of sensing fibers.
所述主控系统将设置的系统参数通过信号发生器发送至所述激光脉冲光源装置，控制所述激光脉冲光源装置产生相应的脉冲信号。The main control system sends the set system parameters to the laser pulse light source device through a signal generator, and controls the laser pulse light source device to generate corresponding pulse signals.
所述恒温装置被配置为提供参考温度的传感光纤定标装置。The thermostat is configured as a sensing fiber calibration device providing a reference temperature.
所述激光脉冲光源装置包括高脉冲半导体激光器和驱动电路，所述驱动电路接收所述信号发生器传输的信号，并驱动所述高脉冲半导体激光器产生相应的的脉冲信号。The laser pulse light source device includes a high-pulse semiconductor laser and a driving circuit, the driving circuit receives the signal transmitted by the signal generator, and drives the high-pulse semiconductor laser to generate a corresponding pulse signal.
所述散射光分离装置包括双向耦合器和波分复用器，所述双向耦合器和所述波分复用器连接，所述双向耦合器包括发光二极管和光敏双向管，所述双向耦合器的输入级是发光二极管、输出级是光敏双向管。在本实施例中，所述双向耦合器在导通时，流过的双向电流达100毫安，压降小于3伏，导通时最小维持电流为100微安。所述双向耦合器在截止时，其阻断电压为直流250伏，当维持电流小于100微安时，双向管从导通变为截止。当阻断电压大于250伏，或发光二极管发光时，则双向管导通。The scattered light separation device includes a bidirectional coupler and a wavelength division multiplexer, the bidirectional coupler is connected to the wavelength division multiplexer, the bidirectional coupler includes a light emitting diode and a photosensitive bidirectional tube, and the bidirectional coupler The input stage is a light-emitting diode, and the output stage is a photosensitive bidirectional tube. In this embodiment, when the bidirectional coupler is turned on, the bidirectional current flowing through it reaches 100 milliamps, the voltage drop is less than 3 volts, and the minimum holding current is 100 microamps when it is turned on. When the bidirectional coupler is cut off, its blocking voltage is 250 volts direct current, and when the maintenance current is less than 100 microamperes, the bidirectional coupler changes from being on to off. When the blocking voltage is greater than 250 volts, or when the light-emitting diode emits light, the bidirectional tube is turned on.
所述光电探测装置包括光电二极管和主放大器，所述光电二极管分别与所述波分复用器和主放大器连接；所述光电二极管采用带尾纤、带前置放大器的雪崩光电二极管。The photodetection device includes a photodiode and a main amplifier, and the photodiode is respectively connected with the wavelength division multiplexer and the main amplifier; the photodiode is an avalanche photodiode with a pigtail and a preamplifier.
所述信号处理装置包括A/D采集单元和信号处理单元，所述A/D采集单元采集主放大器输出的放大信号，并进行A/D转换，所述信号处理单元对A/D转换后的放大信号进行调理、累加平均和去噪处理。The signal processing device includes an A/D acquisition unit and a signal processing unit, the A/D acquisition unit collects the amplified signal output by the main amplifier, and performs A/D conversion, and the A/D conversion is performed by the signal processing unit Amplify the signal for conditioning, cumulative averaging and denoising.
实施例2：Example 2:
本发明为了解决上述问题，克服现有技术中对于高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道检测中存在的泄漏点定位不准确、精度低、检测效率低、且实时性、灵敏性较差的问题，以及对于小孔径的泄漏点存在漏检的问题，提供一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统的检测方法。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention overcomes the inaccurate location of leak points, low precision, low detection efficiency, and poor real-time and sensitivity in the detection of high-pressure (supercritical or dense-phase) CO2 pipelines in the prior art problems, as well as the problem of missed detection of leak points with small apertures, a detection method for a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system is provided.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统的检测方法，该方法包括以下步骤：A detection method of a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leak detection system, the method comprising the following steps:
(1)在高压CO2管道下方土壤中铺设传感光纤；(1) Lay sensing optical fiber in the soil under the high-pressure CO2 pipeline;
(2)在所述主控系统的服务器中人工设置系统参数，所述主控系统将系统参数通过信号发生器发送至所述激光脉冲光源装置，控制所述激光脉冲光源装置产生相应的脉冲信号；(2) Manually set system parameters in the server of the main control system, the main control system sends the system parameters to the laser pulse light source device through a signal generator, and controls the laser pulse light source device to generate corresponding pulse signals ;
在本实施例中，在所述主控系统的服务器中人工设置的系统参数具体包括向传感光纤发送信号的相关信号参数和CO2管道泄漏的报警参数。In this embodiment, the system parameters manually set in the server of the main control system specifically include related signal parameters for sending signals to the sensing optical fiber and alarm parameters for CO2 pipeline leakage.
(3)所述脉冲信号经所述双向耦合器传输至整个所述传感光纤，所述传感光纤根据光时域反射原理检测高压CO2管道泄漏点位置，并依次通过主机、信号处理装置和主控系统，由所述显示单元显示处理后的实时反馈信号和CO2管道泄漏点的图形显示，达到人工设定的报警参数后由所述报警单元进行报警。(3) The pulse signal is transmitted to the entire sensing fiber through the bidirectional coupler, and the sensing fiber detects the position of the leak point of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline according to the principle of optical time domain reflection, and passes through the host computer, signal processing device and The main control system uses the display unit to display the processed real-time feedback signal and the graphic display of the CO2 pipeline leakage point, and the alarm unit gives an alarm after reaching the manually set alarm parameters.
进一步的，在所述步骤(2)中，高压CO2管道泄漏点通过拉曼原理和焦耳-汤普森效应由传感光纤进行检测。Further, in the step (2), the leak point of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline is detected by the sensing fiber through the Raman principle and the Joule-Thompson effect.
本发明的原理为：Principle of the present invention is:
本发明进行高压CO2管道泄漏检测的原理主要包括三个部分：焦耳-汤普森效应、拉曼原理和光时域反射原理。The principle of the invention for detecting the leakage of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline mainly includes three parts: Joule-Thompson effect, Raman principle and optical time domain reflection principle.
拉曼原理：印度科学家拉曼首先在CCl4光谱中发现了当光与分子相互作用后，一部分光的波长会发生改变(颜色发生变化)，通过对于这些颜色发生变化的散射光的研究，可得到分子的信息。而拉曼散射由于分子热运动引起，所以拉曼散射光可以携带散射点的温度信息。Raman principle: Indian scientist Raman first discovered in the CCl4 spectrum that when light interacts with molecules, the wavelength of a part of the light will change (the color will change). molecular information. The Raman scattering is caused by the thermal motion of molecules, so the Raman scattered light can carry the temperature information of the scattering point.
焦耳-汤普森效应：高压CO2管道发生泄漏时，由于CO2的物性不同于油气，会发生强节流效应(焦耳-汤普森效应)，泄漏于土壤中的CO2流体温度相较于周围环境大幅度降低，有研究表明最低温度可达-78℃。从而，造成泄漏点处传感光纤所检测的温度发生剧烈变化，达到设定值时发出警报。Joule-Thompson effect: When a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leaks, because the physical properties of CO2 are different from oil and gas, a strong throttling effect (Joule-Thompson effect) will occur, and the temperature of the CO2 fluid leaked in the soil will be greatly reduced compared with the surrounding environment. Studies have shown that the lowest temperature can reach -78 ℃. As a result, the temperature detected by the sensing optical fiber at the leakage point changes drastically, and an alarm is issued when the temperature reaches the set value.
光时域反射原理：泄漏点的位置是通过光时域反射技术来测量的，首先对光纤发出信号，然后再观察信号从某一点返回的信息，如此反复，再将观察到的这些信息进行处理并以轨迹的形式表现出来，而这个轨迹所描绘的就是整段光纤的状态。根据光纤的时域散射的原理，由光时域反射距离测定的计算公式可得到泄漏点的位置。由此，分布式光纤泄漏检测系统可以完全实现对CO2泄漏点的定位。The principle of optical time domain reflection: the position of the leakage point is measured by optical time domain reflection technology. First, a signal is sent to the optical fiber, and then the information returned by the signal from a certain point is observed, and so on, and then the observed information is processed. And it is displayed in the form of a trajectory, and what this trajectory depicts is the state of the entire optical fiber. According to the principle of time-domain scattering of optical fiber, the position of the leakage point can be obtained from the calculation formula of optical time-domain reflection distance measurement. Thus, the distributed optical fiber leak detection system can fully realize the location of the CO2 leak point.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1、本发明的一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统的检测方法，创造性的结合了：焦耳-汤普森效应、拉曼原理和光时域反射原理，有效实现了高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道泄漏检测中的泄漏点定位准确、精度高、检测效率高、且有效调高了整个检测系统的实时性和灵敏性，同时，本发明采用传感光纤覆盖整个高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道区域，无需设置大量温度传感器，避免了温度传感器的维护问题和成本高的问题。1. The detection method of a high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system of the present invention creatively combines: Joule-Thompson effect, Raman principle and optical time domain reflection principle, effectively realizes high-pressure (supercritical state or dense phase) CO2 pipeline Leak point location in leak detection is accurate, with high precision and high detection efficiency, and effectively improves the real-time and sensitivity of the entire detection system. At the same time, the present invention uses sensing optical fibers to cover the entire high voltage (supercritical state or dense phase) In the CO2 pipeline area, there is no need to install a large number of temperature sensors, which avoids the maintenance and high cost of temperature sensors.
2、本发明的一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统，设置了恒温装置和双向耦合器，恒温装置：用来解决传感光纤的定标，提供参考温度；双向耦合器：用于驱动双向晶闸管，提高控制精度，输入级是发光二极管，输出级是光敏双向管；有效提高了测量结果的准确性；同时本发明采用具有更好的光探测能力的光电二极管，在光电检测单元和信号处理单元之间设置放大器，对电信号进行放大，提高检测精度。2. A high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system of the present invention is provided with a constant temperature device and a bidirectional coupler, the constant temperature device: used to solve the calibration of the sensing optical fiber, and provide a reference temperature; the bidirectional coupler: used to drive the bidirectional thyristor, To improve the control accuracy, the input stage is a light-emitting diode, and the output stage is a photosensitive bidirectional tube; the accuracy of the measurement result is effectively improved; at the same time, the present invention adopts a photodiode with better light detection ability, between the photoelectric detection unit and the signal processing unit An amplifier is set in between to amplify the electrical signal and improve the detection accuracy.
3、本发明的一种高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统，高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道下设置的传感光纤实时对整个高压(超临界态或密相)CO2管道附近的土壤温度进行实时监测，主控系统实时记录监测数据，并将实时记录的数据传输至数据库进行存储，有效实现了高压CO2管道泄漏检测系统的实时性。3, a kind of high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system of the present invention, high-pressure (supercritical state or dense phase) CO2 The sensor optical fiber that arranges under the pipeline real-time to the whole high-pressure (supercritical state or dense phase) CO2 The soil temperature near the pipeline Real-time monitoring, the main control system records the monitoring data in real time, and transmits the real-time recorded data to the database for storage, effectively realizing the real-time performance of the high-pressure CO2 pipeline leakage detection system.
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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