CN103206615A - Optical fiber deformation monitoring system for oil and gas pipelines - Google Patents
Optical fiber deformation monitoring system for oil and gas pipelines Download PDFInfo
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- CN103206615A CN103206615A CN2013100980861A CN201310098086A CN103206615A CN 103206615 A CN103206615 A CN 103206615A CN 2013100980861 A CN2013100980861 A CN 2013100980861A CN 201310098086 A CN201310098086 A CN 201310098086A CN 103206615 A CN103206615 A CN 103206615A
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical fiber deformation monitoring system for oil and gas pipelines. A data control module is used for controlling an optical pulse transmitting module to send pulse signals to a coupler, accumulating received digital signals and then sending the digital signals to a data processing module. The coupler is used for coupling phase change signals generated by an optical fiber due to soil deformation around the oil and gas pipelines and the pulse signals of preset frequency and then sending the coupled signals to an optical signal receiving module. The optical signal receiving module is used for enabling the coupled signals to be sent to an analog-digital conversion module to be converted into digital signals and sent to the data control module. The data processing module is used for sending control demands for controlling cumulative frequency to the data control module and enabling the received accumulated digital signals to be compared with stored data so as to determine whether the oil and gas pipelines are leaked. The optical fiber deformation monitoring system has a long monitoring distance, is low in cost and simple in structure, can be used for detecting small deformation of the pipelines, and is high in accuracy and reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system, belong to the oil-gas pipeline monitoring technical field.
Background technique
Progress and constant development of economy along with society, the whole society also is increasing to the consumption figure of the energy, the supply problem of the energy becomes the focus that the whole world is paid close attention to, the energy resource supply problem concerns the stable and expanding economy of the whole society equally, and in the existing energy, oil gas has occupied the major part of energy consumption again.
The main transport pathway of oil gas is finished by pipeline, and the characteristics of oil and gas pipes are that transport volume is big, pipe diameter is thick, transportation range is far away, and transportation process is relatively more continuous, stable, and freight charges are lower.Meanwhile, the problem of transporting safely of oil and gas pipes also highlights, growth along with service life of oil and gas pipes, the oil and gas pipes oneself factor can cause oil-gas pipeline corrosion, also has artificial destruction to oil and gas pipes, stealing gas stolen phenomenon also can not take place frequently, the oil gas delivering pipe of some long distances, it inevitably will pass through some deserts on the way, the marsh, the zone that wild environments such as river are more abominable, these zones all are easily to send out the geological disaster district, will inevitably cause certain destruction to the oil gas delivering pipe, the lighter causes the oil and gas pipes slight deformation, and serious meeting causes the leakage of oil and gas pipes, and these accidents are in case take place, not only oil and gas pipes is caused damage, also cause great economic loss.In addition, the material of oil and gas pipes transportation is explosives, inflammable items mostly, and such leakage accident will inevitably cause serious harm to people's lives and properties.Monitoring to oil-gas pipeline at present mainly contains sound wave monitoring method and suction wave detection method.
Acoustic signal detects mainly to refer to when oil-gas pipeline and is receiving in the extraneous process of destroying, for example be subjected to extraneous knocking, excavate, during action such as punching, the stressed of these external worlds inevitably will go out sound, and these sound will blaze abroad by the material in stratum, oil-gas pipeline and the oil-gas pipeline, acoustic signal detects and sends out is exactly the collection of passing through sound signal, sound signal is carried out analysis and judgement, thereby oil-gas pipeline is monitored, determine where destroying or leaking has appearred in oil-gas pipeline.What the acoustic signal detection method was primarily aimed at is that extraneous destruction is done analysis to the circulation way of the oscillating signal of oil-gas pipeline, come the signal characteristic that oil-gas pipeline deforms is extracted and analyzes by the detection principle of digital signal, oil-gas pipeline is when deforming, the rattle signal that produces mainly contains two-part, a part is fluid wave, propagate in the material in pipeline, another part is the housing ripple, propagates at tube wall.The transmission distance of two kinds of ripples and loss and residing pipeline material have very big relation, therefore need place different sensors in pipeline detects this two kinds of wave propagation signals, effectively these two kinds of signals are gathered, last with carrying out correlation analysis with gathering fluid wave and the housing ripple signal of returning, thus what's wrong on earth does accurate judgement to oil-gas pipeline.But need settling sound transducer or vibration transducer to carry out translocation respectively, this method could satisfy the detection demand in oil-gas pipeline, and the propagation of acoustic signal is subjected to the influence of pipeline medium parameter in pipeline, therefore it is shorter to detect distance, when growing the distance detection, just need to install a plurality of sensors, the complexity of system increases, and is difficult for realizing.
The suction wave detection method refers to when oil-gas pipeline takes place to leak, interior external pressure in the pipeline runs off the material in the pipeline rapidly, owing to produced leakage, the material damage of leak site will make the fluid density of closing on the position reduce, thereby cause pressure to reduce, and the material in the pipeline can spread up and down to pipeline with certain speed, need be at the two ends of pipeline difference setting pressure sensor, thereby pressure sensor signal is caught in the different moment in the two ends at pipeline, thereby judge whether leakage has taken place in the pipeline, can judge that leakage has taken place which position in the pipeline according to time difference and negative pressure wave propagation velocity that this suction wave is transferred to pipe ends.The suction wave detection method is very effective for some big pipe deformings, but in the micro-strain of detection pipeline significant limitation is arranged.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the problem that the monitoring distance that exists in the existing oil-gas pipeline monitoring technology of solution is lacked, the complexity of system is higher and be difficult to monitor the micro-strain of pipeline, and then a kind of oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system is provided.For this reason, the invention provides following technological scheme:
A kind of oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system comprises: be embedded in optical fiber, Coupler, optical signal receiving module, analog-to-digital conversion module, light pulse transmitter module, numerical control module and data processing module in the oil-gas pipeline surrounding soil;
Described numerical control module is used for the described light pulse transmitter module of control and sends the pulse signal of preset frequency to described Coupler, and sends to described data processing module after the digital signal that receives added up by the requirement of described data processing module;
Send to optical signal receiving module after the pulse signal coupling of described Coupler for the phase-changing signal that described optical fiber is produced because the oil-gas pipeline surrounding soil is out of shape and described preset frequency;
Described optical signal receiving module is used for that described signal after coupling is sent to described analog-to-digital conversion module and converts digital signal to and send to the numerical control module;
Described data processing module is used for sending to described numerical control module the control command of control accumulative frequency, and receive add up after digital signal compare with the data of storage, whether reveal with definite described oil-gas pipeline.
The present invention realizes the whole process of oil-gas pipeline is monitored by adopting optical fiber, have long monitoring distance and lower cost, and the structure of system is also simpler, can realize detection to the less distortion of pipeline, has higher accuracy and reliability.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technological scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the accompanying drawing of required use is done to introduce simply in will describing embodiment below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system that provides of the specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the optical signal receiving module that provides of the specific embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the workflow schematic representation of the oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system that provides of the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technological scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment who obtains under the creative work prerequisite.
The specific embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system, as shown in Figure 1, comprising: be embedded in optical fiber, Coupler, optical signal receiving module, analog-to-digital conversion module, light pulse transmitter module, numerical control module and data processing module in the oil-gas pipeline surrounding soil;
Described numerical control module is used for the described light pulse transmitter module of control and sends the pulse signal of preset frequency to described Coupler, and sends to described data processing module after the digital signal that receives added up by the requirement of described data processing module;
Send to optical signal receiving module after the pulse signal coupling of described Coupler for the phase-changing signal that described optical fiber is produced because the oil-gas pipeline surrounding soil is out of shape and described preset frequency;
Described optical signal receiving module is used for that described signal after coupling is sent to described analog-to-digital conversion module and converts digital signal to and send to the numerical control module;
Described data processing module is used for sending to described numerical control module the control command of control accumulative frequency, and receive add up after digital signal compare with the data of storage, whether reveal with definite described oil-gas pipeline.
This embodiment is at the narrow limitation of present oil-gas pipeline monitoring technology, propose oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system that optical fiber technology and embedded system are combined, realized the oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitor and early warning system based on embedded system.Wherein, the working principle of fibre strain is to utilize the photosensitive characteristics of fiber optic materials, can in fiber core, form reflector or the wave filter of reflection or transmission, by reflection or transmission light just the path of propagation in fiber core change, so optical fiber is a kind of extraordinary signal transmission medium.In addition, when the residing ambient temperature of optical fiber or strain change, will influence the refractive index cycle of optical fiber, will cause the reflection of optical fiber or transmission peak wavelength to change.
Concrete, the oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system that this embodiment provides is embedded in optical fiber in the pipeline soil on the way, when pipeline deforms or leak, vibration event will take place, this vibration event will by occurrence positions to around spread, vibration wave in the propagation can cause the vibration of the soil particle around the pipeline, thereby deform, because embedding optical fiber is connected tightr with soil, therefore the distortion of soil particle will cause the distortion of sensor fibre, will cause the flexible or bending deflection of optical fiber like this, therefore can cause optical fiber generation physical length or refractive index to change, and the phase place that finally influences spread fiber changes, this phase place changes and can identify phase signal by the prober of installing in the optical fiber test end, by the demodulation process of being correlated with to detected signal, can identify and analyze the vibration event that takes place around the optical fiber, thereby reach monitoring and warning to oil-gas pipeline.
The signals collecting of the oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system that this embodiment provides and the main task of conditioning are that echo signal and photoelectric conversion are launched, accepted to light pulse signal and to amplification and the analog-to-digital conversion of analog electric signal.Light pulse transmitter module among Fig. 1 is controlled by numerical control module (can adopt FPGA), the light pulse transmitter module need produce an adjustable pulse signal and adjust light source, consider that the centre wavelength of tested optical fiber is between 1520nm～1570nm, so selection centre wavelength be 1550nm, bandwidth greater than the wideband light source of 60nm, select FPGA control laser diode to produce light pulse signal here.Light source is to be made of semiconductor diode, has the advantage that output power is big, volume is little, the life-span is long.As shown in Figure 2, optical signal receiving module mainly comprises photodetector, pre-amplification circuit, differential amplifier circuit and zeroing circuit, the signal input part of photodetector is connected with the signal output part of Coupler, the signal output part of photodetector is connected with the signal input part of pre-amplification circuit, the signal output part of pre-amplification circuit is connected with the signal input part of differential amplifier circuit, the signal output part of differential amplifier circuit is connected with the signal input part of zeroing circuit, and the signal output part of zeroing circuit is connected with the signal input part of numerical control module.Because signal or the optical signal of light pulse signal through returning behind the fiber reflection, FPGA can't detect, and therefore needs a photoelectric converter that optical signal is converted into electrical signal, and photodetector is responsible for receiving fiber-optic signal exactly it is carried out photoelectric conversion; Because the photosignal that fires back is more weak, the signal after the photoelectric conversion is also more weak, must it could be added on the analog-to-digital conversion module through amplification circuit, and the faint current signal that pre-amplification circuit is responsible for receiving is converted into voltage signal; Signal behind the process pre-amplification circuit is difference mode signal, contains more worker's mould signal simultaneously, therefore just needs differential amplifier circuit to eliminate common mode signal, amplifies difference mode signal; Consider the otherness of intergrated circuit manufacturing firm manufacturing process, the differential pair tube that causes inner amplifier can not be the standard symmetry, therefore will return to zero to remedy the influence that offset voltage and offset current brings to integrated operational amplifier.Analog-to-digital conversion module be responsible for will simulation electrical signal be converted to the digital signal that FPGA can carry out numerical control, the modulus analog-digital converter of selecting for use here is 24 AD converter ADS1256, have acquisition rate height, precision accurately, the advantage of good stability.
The operator can send to FPGA with the light pulse order of needs by human-computer interaction interface, after FPGA receives order, control light pulse transmitter module emission light pulse is in optical fiber, when light pulse is transmitted, can produce scattering or reflection owing to character, connector, bonding point, bending or other similar event of optical fiber itself in optical fiber.Wherein Yi Bufen scattering and reflection will turn back in the oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system, and the useful information that returns is measured by the prober of oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system, and as the time on the diverse location in the optical fiber or curve segment.From transmitting signals to the used time of inverse signal, determine the speed of light in glass substance again, just can calculate distance.After analog-to-digital conversion module is converted into digital signal with the analogue signal of gathering, digital signal will be transported in the FPGA.Owing in the light pulse signal that fires back, there is a large amount of noise signals, therefore just need FPGA to come digital signal is handled, improve the signal to noise ratio of fiber-optic signal, randomness principle according to the noise power distribution, and accumulative frequency is more many, the signal to noise ratio of digital signal is more good, the fiber-optic signal that draws and more pure.Therefore control accumulative frequency by data processing module (can adopt ARM), FPGA finishes adding up on the hardware, by the parallel port between FPGA and the ARM data is passed to ARM from FPGA at last.ARM is the core of whole oil gas fibre strain monitoring system, receives data that FPGA passes over and by memory module data is stored to realize data analysis and processing.Corresponding ARM can select ARM920T function of tonic chord chip S3C2440A, and introduce Embedded (SuSE) Linux OS on this basis, with the human-computer interaction interface of embedded graphic user interface Qt as whole system, realized the high speed analysis of data and processing, storage, and human-computer interaction interface is very directly perceived, friendly.
Preferably, the oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system that this embodiment provides can show the operating result of data processing module by display modular, instruct and the setting of change parameter to the data processing module input operation by load module, by parameter module is set the optical signal reception parameter that the numerical control module sends is sent to optical signal receiving module, by reseting module data processing module is resetted.Finish exchanges data by the serial equipment that serial port module is connected with data processing module.
The overall workflow of the oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system that this embodiment provides as shown in Figure 3, the data capture task is responsible for gathering in real time the echo signal from optical fiber; Data processing task is responsible for image data is carried out data analysis and processing; The LCD task is responsible for providing the good man-machine interaction interface, and the whole human-computer interaction interface of oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system all is to be finished by LCD; The serial communication task is responsible for carrying out data transmission with upper-position unit, can finish corresponding data analysis by PC in case of necessity.
The technological scheme that adopts this embodiment to provide, received signal to noise ratio, sample frequency and the sampling precision of conscious raising optical fiber echo signal in the selection of signals collecting and conditioning module, purpose is dynamic range and the range resolution that increases fiber reflection, use FPGA and ARM to realize exchanges data by parallel port communication simultaneously, memory data output and working efficiency have been improved, effectively reduce the noise interference between the hardware circuit, the capacity of choosing simultaneously is big, the device of reliable performance, has improved the dynamic range of optical fiber to a certain extent.Introduced built-in Linux operating system in the software design, give full play to the high speed processing ability of FPGA and ARM, effectively improve the Multi task implementation capacity of primary control program, high-speed data acquisition, processing, and provide the good man-machine interaction interface, realized really oil-gas pipeline on-line monitoring in real time, can be effectively to oil-gas pipeline distortion make early warning and judgement, the particular location that shows according to human-computer interaction interface is demarcated at which place and distortion occurred with processing accident as early as possible.
The above; only be the preferable embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the embodiment of the invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (9)
1. oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system, it is characterized in that, comprising: be embedded in optical fiber, Coupler, optical signal receiving module, analog-to-digital conversion module, light pulse transmitter module, numerical control module and data processing module in the oil-gas pipeline surrounding soil;
Described numerical control module is used for the described light pulse transmitter module of control and sends the pulse signal of preset frequency to described Coupler, and sends to described data processing module after the digital signal that receives added up by the requirement of described data processing module;
Send to optical signal receiving module after the pulse signal coupling of described Coupler for the phase-changing signal that described optical fiber is produced because the oil-gas pipeline surrounding soil is out of shape and described preset frequency;
Described optical signal receiving module is used for that described signal after coupling is sent to described analog-to-digital conversion module and converts digital signal to and send to the numerical control module;
Described data processing module is used for sending to described numerical control module the control command of control accumulative frequency, and receive add up after digital signal compare with the data of storage, whether reveal with definite described oil-gas pipeline.
2. oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described optical signal receiving module comprises photodetector, pre-amplification circuit, differential amplifier circuit and zeroing circuit; The signal input part of described photodetector is connected with the signal output part of Coupler, the signal output part of described photodetector is connected with the signal input part of described pre-amplification circuit, the signal output part of described pre-amplification circuit is connected with the signal input part of described differential amplifier circuit, the signal output part of described differential amplifier circuit is connected with the signal input part of described zeroing circuit, and the signal output part of described zeroing circuit is connected with the signal input part of described numerical control module.
3. oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described numerical control module and described data processing module are finished exchanges data by the parallel port.
4. oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described system also comprises display modular, is used for showing the operating result of described data processing module.
5. oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described system also comprises load module, is used for to described data processing module input operation instruction and the setting of change parameter.
6. oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described system comprises that also parameter arranges module, and the optical signal that is used for that described numerical control module is sent receives parameter and sends to described optical signal receiving module.
7. oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described system also comprises reseting module, is used for described data processing module is resetted.
8. oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described system also comprises memory module, is used for the operating result storage with described data processing module.
9. oil-gas pipeline fibre strain monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described system also comprises serial port module, and the serial equipment that is used for being connected with described data processing module is finished exchanges data.
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| CN105157589A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-16 | 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | On-line monitoring system for deformation of transformer winding |
| CN106840363A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-06-13 | 南阳理工学院 | The defeated buried pipeline load identification of one kind length and safety monitoring system |
| CN107123477A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-09-01 | 北京恒润生工程科技有限公司 | The existing railway Through ground wire burglary-resisting system designed based on optical fiber micro-bending |
| CN107342824A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-11-10 | 南京如拓电气有限公司 | A kind of electric arc light signal receiving |
| CN108980639A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-11 | 平湖波汇通信科技有限公司 | A kind of gas leakage monitoring system based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques |
| CN109298667A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-01 | 美钻深海能源科技研发（上海）有限公司 | Data processing system and its data processing method for submerged density acquisition equipment |
| CN111540149A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-14 | 华北理工大学 | A invasion monitoring devices and monitoring system for open-air oil gas pipeline |
| CN113654746A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-16 | 西安和其光电科技股份有限公司 | Optical fiber-based test system, oil bag leakage detection method and medium type identification method |
| CN115662469A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-01-31 | 东莞先知大数据有限公司 | Water pipe leakage detecting method, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116434493A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-07-14 | 北京诺成新科技有限公司 | Ground intelligent warning pile system and use method thereof |
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| CN115662469A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-01-31 | 东莞先知大数据有限公司 | Water pipe leakage detecting method, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116434493A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-07-14 | 北京诺成新科技有限公司 | Ground intelligent warning pile system and use method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130717 |