CN106677769B - Underground coal mine sound wave transmission device and method - Google Patents
Underground coal mine sound wave transmission device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106677769B CN106677769B CN201710094965.5A CN201710094965A CN106677769B CN 106677769 B CN106677769 B CN 106677769B CN 201710094965 A CN201710094965 A CN 201710094965A CN 106677769 B CN106677769 B CN 106677769B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
- E21B47/16—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the drill string or casing, e.g. by torsional acoustic waves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
Abstract
The invention relates to an acoustic transmission device and method, belongs to the field of mining drilling instruments, and particularly relates to an underground coal mine acoustic transmission device and method. The method converts measurement while drilling data into mechanical knocking with fixed frequency through coding, acoustic signals generated by knocking are transmitted to an orifice along a drill rod, and the acoustic signals are received by a sensor arranged at the tail end of the drill rod of the orifice and uploaded to a computer for decoding, so that the measurement while drilling data can be obtained. The method can be applied to measurement of the trajectory while drilling in conventional drilling, and is simple, practical, convenient and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an acoustic transmission device and method, belongs to the field of mining drilling instruments, and particularly relates to an underground coal mine acoustic transmission device and method.
Background
At present, the transmission mode of the hole bottom data in the underground coal mine drilling field is mainly wired transmission, the stability is high, the transmission rate is high, the application range is wide, but a special drill rod is required to be used, and the use cost is high; therefore, in recent years, a relatively mature mud pulse and electromagnetic wave wireless transmission mode is introduced into the underground coal mine in the field of oil drilling, but due to differences in working conditions and the like, the products are still in a popularization stage at present.
The technical difficulties of researching acoustic transmission data on petroleum mainly lie in two points: transmission distance and signal demodulation. The distance from the petroleum hole bottom signal to the hole opening is at least kilometer, so the rod body length and the driving voltage need to be lengthened as much as possible, in addition, as the drill rods are in threaded connection, sound wave reflection and refraction occurring at the connection position are common, the signal frequency is higher, the signal demodulation is more difficult, and the technical cost is high.
According to different working conditions on coal mines and petroleum, the existing acoustic wave sounder based on the magnetostrictive principle cannot be used under coal mines.
First, the existing acoustic wave generator based on the magnetostrictive principle cannot meet the requirement of small diameter. In the oil drilling, sound generators made of rare earth or piezoelectric ceramics are all integrated structures formed by winding coils outside a solid rod body made of magnetostrictive materials, wherein the length of the rod body and the number of turns of the coils determine the sound power, namely the strength, and the longer the rod body is, the more the coils are, the higher the signal strength is; the shorter the bar body is, the fewer the coils are, the smaller the signal intensity is, and the signal intensity is also in direct proportion to the intensity of the driving voltage loaded on the bar body; the diameter of the rod body determines the sounding frequency, and the larger the diameter is, the lower the frequency is; the smaller the diameter, the higher the frequency. In the magnetostrictive principle sound wave generator in the prior art, the diameter of a rod body and a coil reaches more than 80mm, the lowest frequency is about 500HZ, and if the frequency is reduced to 30HZ, the diameter of the sound wave generator is difficult to meet the requirements of underground working conditions of a coal mine, because the diameter of a common drill rod in the coal mine is about 63-73mm directly, and the diameter of a common instrument in a hole is not more than 50 mm. If the diameter of the antenna is small, the antenna meets the size requirement, the signal frequency is high, the signal intensity is low, the demodulation difficulty of the aperture signal is improved, and the realization possibility is low.
Second, it is difficult to meet power consumption requirements. In the existing acoustic transmission communication, because the frequency of a signal sent by an acoustic generator adopting the magnetostrictive principle is relatively high, the acoustic generator cannot be accurately controlled to knock once as a signal 1, the signal is propagated in a carrier or frequency conversion mode, and in this case, a carrier signal must be sent out continuously, namely, the acoustic generator executes actions continuously, so that the energy consumption of a battery is relatively high. And the driving voltage of the acoustic signal sounder based on the magnetostrictive principle needs hundreds of volts, under the condition of power supply by a battery at the bottom of a hole, the processing such as boosting is needed, the power consumption is high, the battery is large, and the acoustic signal sounder is not suitable for frequent drilling under a coal mine and the measurement frequency is dense.
Finally, the common drill rod for underground drilling construction of coal mines must have pressure water flowing through, the flushing drill bit is cooled (gas exists in the drill hole, the temperature of the drill bit during drilling can be reduced by flushing with water, and gas is prevented from being ignited) and slag is discharged (the coal slag at the bottom of the carried hole is discharged along the annular space between the drill rod and the drill hole after the pressure water output by the orifice mud pump passes through the drill rod and the drill bit).
Based on the problems, the existing magnetostrictive sound wave generator is difficult to apply in the underground coal mine, and data transmission in the underground coal mine by adopting a sound wave transmission mode does not exist in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems in the prior art and provides a device and a method for transmitting underground coal mine sound waves. The device and the method have the advantages of simple structure, convenience, practicability, low requirements on drilling tools such as drill rods and the like, high cost performance and suitability for measurement of the drilling track of conventional drilling in the underground coal mine.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a colliery is acoustic transmission device in pit, includes that data strikes sending module, data strikes sending module and includes:
a housing case for housing the acoustic wave generator;
a water flowing channel is arranged between the inner wall of the accommodating shell and the sound generator;
one side in the containing shell is provided with a central boss, the outer edge of one end of the central boss is connected with the inner wall of the containing shell, the other end of the central boss is rigidly connected with the sound generator, and the central boss is provided with a flow passing hole connected with the water flow channel.
Preferably, the accommodating shell comprises a knocking male joint and a knocking female joint which are matched with each other; the outer edge of one end of the central boss is connected with the inner wall of the knocking female catcher, and the other end of the central boss is rigidly connected with an explosion-proof shell of the sound generator.
Preferably, in the underground coal mine acoustic wave transmission device, the central boss comprises a conical structure, the conical bottom of the conical structure is connected with the inner wall of the accommodating shell, and the other end of the conical structure is connected with the acoustic wave generator through a cylinder; a water flowing channel is formed between the column body and the inner wall of the containing shell, and a flow passing hole communicated with the water flowing channel is formed in the conical structure.
Preferably, in the underground coal mine acoustic wave transmission device, the inner wall of the accommodating shell is provided with a centering boss for supporting the acoustic wave generator.
Preferably, in the underground coal mine acoustic wave transmission device, the righting bosses are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the knocking male joint at intervals of 120 degrees.
Preferably, the underground coal mine acoustic wave transmission device comprises: the electromagnetic iron core is driven by a striking ball head, and the tail of the electromagnetic iron core is connected with a return spring; the central boss is rigidly connected with one end of the knocking ball head.
A coal mine underground acoustic wave transmission method, wherein the generation of acoustic waves is based on the coal mine underground acoustic wave transmission device of claim 1.
Optimally, the underground coal mine sound wave transmission method is characterized in that a data knocking sending module is adopted at the bottom of a hole to send engineering parameters acquired by a sensor group in a mode of knocking a drill rod to generate sound waves; and the tail end of the drill rod at the orifice is used for acquiring a sound wave signal sent out from the bottom of the hole by adopting an orifice sensor, and transmitting the sound wave signal to an upper computer for decoding and displaying, wherein the knocking frequency is set to be 2-30Hz according to the drilling tool, working conditions and other conditions.
Optimally, the underground coal mine sound wave transmission device performs binary compression coding on the received engineering parameters, compresses the data length and reduces the number of data bits 1 to obtain binary codes; and according to the arrangement sequence of the binary codes, the electromagnetic coil drives the iron core to longitudinally knock the explosion-proof shell of the instrument to generate sound waves, wherein data bit 1 represents knocking, and data bit 0 represents no knocking.
Therefore, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience, practicability, low requirements on drilling tools such as drill rods and the like, high cost performance and suitability for measurement of the drilling track of conventional drilling in the underground coal mine;
(2) the sound generator only acts when the signal is 1, so that the utilization efficiency of the battery in the drill hole is effectively improved;
(3) due to the special boss design, the transmission distance of the sound wave signals can be effectively prolonged, and the signal attenuation is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mining acoustic measurement while drilling system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sound generator;
FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a data tapping and sending module.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
In the figure, 1-a data knocking sending module, 2-a sensor group, 3-an orifice sensor, 4-a data decoding module, 5-a computer, 6-a knocking female connector, 7-an explosion-proof shell, 8-a knocking ball head, 9-an electromagnetic iron core, 10-a reset spring, 11-a knocking male connector, 12-a flow switch, 13-a driving circuit, 14-an electromagnetic knocking unit, 15-a signal receiving unit, 16-a main control module, 17-a central boss, 18-an overflowing hole, 19-a centering boss and 20-a tool withdrawal groove.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, the mining acoustic measurement while drilling system consists of a data knocking sending module 1, a sensor group 2, an orifice sensor 3, a data decoding module 4 and a computer 5, is all in an explosion-proof design, and can be used in an underground coal mine explosive gas environment. When measurement data is uploaded while drilling, the sensor group 2 sends acquired engineering parameters of inclination angle, azimuth angle and tool orientation angle to the data knocking sending module 1, the data knocking sending module 1 compresses and codes the engineering parameters into binary codes, the binary codes are sent out through sound wave signals generated by the fact that the coil drives the iron core to knock the explosion-proof shell of the instrument, the sound wave signals are transmitted to an orifice while drilling, received by the orifice sensor 3, converted into electric signals and transmitted to the data decoding module 4 in the computer 5, and the data decoding module 4 performs filtering, amplification, decoding and other processing on the signals and uploads the signals to the computer 5 for storage and display.
Referring to fig. 2, the sound wave generator is integrally and fixedly arranged in the center of the interior of the knocking female joint 6 and the knocking male joint 11, the outer diameter of the explosion-proof shell 7 is smaller than the inner diameters of the knocking female joint 6 and the knocking male joint 11, and a gap between the two can be used as a water flowing channel; a central boss 17 of the knocking female connector 6 is provided with a through hole 18 which can be used as a water flowing channel; a centering boss 19 is arranged in the knocking male connector 11 to support the sound wave generator to be centered, and the centering bosses 19 are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the knocking male connector 11 at an interval angle of 120 degrees and do not hinder the flow of pressure water.
Wherein, the central boss 17 includes a conical structure, the conical bottom of the conical structure 17 is connected with the inner wall of the knocking female joint 6, the other end is connected with the bottom surface of the boss through a column body, a water flowing channel is formed between the column body and the inner wall of the knocking female joint 6, and the overflowing hole 18 is arranged on the conical surface.
When the explosion-proof device works, when sound wave signals are generated in the data knocking sending module, the electromagnetic iron core 9 drives the knocking ball head 8 to knock the explosion-proof shell 7 to generate the sound wave signals, the central protruding part of the knocking female joint 6 is assembled and then rigidly connected with the explosion-proof shell 7, and the sound wave signals transmitted by the explosion-proof shell 7 are transmitted to the outer wall of the drill rod; when the sound wave signal is not generated, the electromagnetic iron core 9 is not electrified, and the reset spring 10 rebounds the electromagnetic iron core 9 and the knocking ball head 8 to the original position to wait for the next electrifying excitation.
The design structure of this embodiment can ensure to strike the effectual vertical transmission of sound wave to the drilling rod outer wall, also leaves the through-hole and ensures that the runner is unobstructed can wash downthehole cinder.
Firstly, the sound wave signal sent by the knocking structure is conducted to the outer wall of the knocking female joint 6 through the central boss 17 until the sound wave signal reaches the outer walls of other drill rods because the explosion-proof shell 7 is hard on the top of the central boss 17 of the knocking female joint 6. The structure of 'cone + cylinder' can be adopted to transmit the sound wave signal emitted by the acoustic generator to the outer wall of the drill rod to the maximum extent, because the important factor influencing the attenuation degree of the sound wave in the rigid body transmission process is the change of the cross section area, the larger the change of the cross section area is, the larger the signal attenuation is. The cross-sectional area gradual change structure of the central boss 17 can reduce the sound wave attenuation speed and prolong the transmission distance of sound wave signals.
And secondly, the gaps between the explosion-proof shell 7 of the sound generator and the knocking female joint 6 and the knocking male joint 11 can be used as a water flowing channel, so that pressure water flows through the water flowing channel, and the construction is not influenced.
Referring to fig. 3, the data knocking sending module adopts an explosion-proof design, and is composed of a flow channel switch 12, a driving circuit 13, an electromagnet knocking unit 14, a signal receiving unit 15 and a main control module 16, and the detected engineering parameter data in the hole is sent out by controlling the electromagnet knocking the shell. The working state of the mud pump is determined by detecting the state of the flow switch 12, the driving circuit 13 is responsible for providing enough energy for the electromagnet knocking unit, and the electromagnet knocking unit 14 is responsible for controlling the electromagnet to knock the drill rod to generate a sound wave signal.
In this embodiment, the signal transmission process is as follows: the engineering parameters collected by the sensor group are sent out by adopting a data knocking sending module at the bottom of the hole in a mode of knocking a drill rod to generate sound waves, wherein the data knocking sending module adopts an explosion-proof type to carry out explosion prevention on the electromagnet; and the tail end of the drill rod at the orifice is used for collecting a sound wave signal sent out from the bottom of the hole by adopting an orifice sensor, and the sound wave signal is transmitted to an upper computer for decoding and displaying.
The specific method for sending data by the data knocking sending module is as follows: receiving engineering parameters collected by a sensor group, comprising: dip, azimuth and tool face angle; carrying out binary compression coding on the received parameters, compressing the data length and reducing the number of data bits 1 to obtain a binary code; according to the arrangement sequence of the binary codes, the electromagnetic coil drives the iron core to longitudinally knock the explosion-proof shell of the instrument to generate sound waves (data bit 1 represents knocking, and data bit 0 represents non-knocking), and the sound waves are transmitted to the drill rod and spread along the drill rod body due to the rigid connection between the shell of the instrument and the drill rod; the knocking frequency is set between 2 Hz and 30Hz according to the drilling tool, the working condition and other conditions.
After the structure is adopted, the diameter of the sound wave generator is not more than 50mm, the knocking frequency can be as low as 2-30HZ, the requirement of underground working conditions of a coal mine is met, and due to the fact that the frequency of the emitted signals is low, demodulation is easy to achieve at a signal receiving end, and the achieving difficulty is small.
The specific method for receiving data by the orifice is as follows: the orifice sensor is longitudinally adsorbed at the tail end of the drill rod through magnetic connection, receives the sound wave signal transmitted from the drill rod, converts the sound wave signal into an electric signal, transmits the electric signal to a data decoding module in the computer, and stores and displays the electric signal on the computer after filtering, amplifying and decoding.
The embodiment adopts an electromagnetic knocking mode to send out sound wave signals, the representative signal 1 is knocked once, the representative signal 0 is not knocked, namely, the sound wave generator only acts when the signal 1 is knocked, the utilization efficiency of the battery in the drill hole is effectively improved, and the problem that the installation space in the underground drill hole of the coal mine is limited can be solved.
In a signal transmission mode, each group of data is transmitted at least twice, and a receiving end can also have at least two groups of receiving channels so as to ensure that the data transmission is reliable and accurate; meanwhile, binary compression mainly compresses binary values of data (including an inclination angle of-90.0-90.0, an azimuth angle of 0-360 and a tool facing angle of 0-360) sent in the hole, and data bit 1 in the binary values represents that the electromagnet knocks once, and data bit 0 represents that the electromagnet knocks not to act, so that the compression aims to reduce the number of data bits 1 in the binary values, thereby reducing the action times of the electromagnet, reducing the power consumption of instruments in the hole and reducing the size of the battery barrel.
The design can solve the problem of energy consumption of the battery and prevent the intersymbol interference of sound wave signals when the sound wave signals are transmitted in the drill rod. Since the transmission medium is formed by connecting one drill rod through threads, each time a pulse signal is sent out, the pulse is reflected or attenuated at the threaded connection part, and the superposed reflected signal of the first pulse signals can directly cover the following pulse signals, so that uncertainty is brought to the demodulation of the hole signals. Therefore, the invention reduces the signal frequency, namely reduces the demodulation technical difficulty of the orifice instrument.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a colliery is acoustic transmission device in pit, strikes sending module including the data, its characterized in that, the data strikes sending module and includes:
a housing case for housing the acoustic wave generator;
a water flowing channel is arranged between the inner wall of the accommodating shell and the sound generator;
a central boss (17) is arranged on one side in the accommodating shell, the outer edge of one end of the central boss (17) is connected with the inner wall of the accommodating shell, the other end of the central boss is rigidly connected with the sound wave generator, and a flow passing hole (18) connected with the water flow channel is arranged on the central boss (17);
wherein the acoustic wave generator comprises: the electromagnetic iron core is characterized in that a knocking ball head (8) driven by an electromagnetic iron core (9), and the tail part of the electromagnetic iron core (9) is connected with a return spring (10); the central boss (17) is rigidly connected with one end where the knocking ball head (8) is located.
2. The underground coal mine sound wave transmission device according to claim 1, wherein the accommodating shell comprises a knocking male connector (11) and a knocking female connector (6) which are matched with each other; the outer edge of one end of the central boss (17) is connected with the inner wall of the knocking female connector (6), and the other end of the central boss is rigidly connected with an explosion-proof shell (7) of the sound wave generator.
3. The underground coal mine acoustic wave transmission device according to claim 1, wherein the central boss (17) comprises a conical structure, the conical bottom of the conical structure (17) is connected with the inner wall of the accommodating shell, and the other end of the conical structure is connected with the acoustic wave generator through a cylinder; a water flow channel is formed between the column body and the inner wall of the containing shell, and the conical structure is provided with a flow passing hole (18) communicated with the water flow channel.
4. The underground coal mine acoustic wave transmission device according to claim 1, wherein a centering boss (19) for supporting the acoustic wave generator is arranged on the inner wall of the housing shell.
5. The underground coal mine acoustic transmission device according to claim 4, wherein the centralizing bosses (19) are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the knocking male joint (11) at an interval angle of 120 degrees.
6. A coal mine underground acoustic wave transmission method is characterized in that acoustic waves are generated based on the coal mine underground acoustic wave transmission device of claim 1.
7. The underground coal mine sound wave transmission method according to claim 6, wherein engineering parameters collected by the sensor group are transmitted in a mode of knocking a drill rod to generate sound waves by adopting a data knocking transmission module at the bottom of a hole; and the tail end of the drill rod at the orifice is used for acquiring a sound wave signal sent out from the bottom of the hole by adopting an orifice sensor, and transmitting the sound wave signal to an upper computer for decoding and displaying, wherein the knocking frequency is set to be 2-30Hz according to the drilling tool and different working conditions.
8. The underground coal mine sound wave transmission method according to claim 7, wherein the received engineering parameters are subjected to binary compression coding, the data length is compressed, the number of data bits 1 is reduced, and binary codes are obtained; and according to the arrangement sequence of the binary codes, the electromagnetic coil drives an iron core to longitudinally knock an explosion-proof shell of the sound wave generator to generate sound waves, wherein data bit 1 represents knocking, and data bit 0 represents knocking.
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| CN110005405A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-12 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Utilize the system and method for impactor impact sound wave wireless drilling transmission underground signal |
| CN111075382B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-02-01 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal mine underground horizontal deep hole array type detector arrangement device and construction method thereof |
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| CN111764872B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2023-04-07 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal mine underground top and bottom plate comb-shaped branch hole pipe flying construction drilling tool and construction method |
| CN113703036A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 宁波瑞能环境能源技术有限公司 | Pipeline sounding device and method for acoustic phased array measuring underground pipeline position |
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