CN105443117B - A kind of acoustic logging system - Google Patents
A kind of acoustic logging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105443117B CN105443117B CN201510825572.8A CN201510825572A CN105443117B CN 105443117 B CN105443117 B CN 105443117B CN 201510825572 A CN201510825572 A CN 201510825572A CN 105443117 B CN105443117 B CN 105443117B
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of logging systems using sonic transmissions signal.The present invention is mainly by detection system, PZT (piezoelectric transducer), oil pipe, relaying converter, acoustic receiver composition, detection system detectable signal, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) conversion signal, tubing transmission signal, acoustic receiver reception signal.This system can working condition under monitoring well in real time, decayed as transmission signal vehicle small, suitable heavy duty service using sound wave, and sound wave is fast in steel Propagation speed, the efficiency of transmission of signal can be greatly improved, oil pipe has saved cost as dissemination channel signal.For the present invention using the signal of Helmholtz amplifier amplification receiving terminal, this apparatus structure is simple, and amplification factor is high, and resonant frequency is only related with its dimensional parameters.The present invention receives signal using optical fibre displacement sensor, is not in direct contact with measured target, using the transmission loss measurement of light in a fiber, has high sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of logging systems.Precisely, it is related to a kind of utilization sound wave carrying signal, oil pipe is as letter
Road, Helmholtz amplifier is as signal amplifier, acoustic logging system of the optical fibre displacement sensor as signal receiver.
Background technology
The development of petroleum industry makes people be increasingly dependent on oil this fossil energy, but also the exploration of petroleum resources with
Exploitation becomes particularly important.With the continuous development of science and technology, oil exploitation also stepped into fining, it is information-based and from
The dynamicization epoch.In oil reservoir recovery process, exploitation person is not in direct contact under normal circumstances with ore body, the exploitation of oil gas, to oil gas
It the understanding of situation and exerts one's influence to oil-gas reservoir in Tibetan and carries out various measures, will be carried out by special well logging.Well logging
System is exactly by the temperature under mine, and the data records such as pressure and the oil pipe degree of wear are got off, and certain signal transmission hand is passed through
Section is transmitted to ground-based computer so that exploitation person can understand underground work situation, while exploitation person can be by logging system by ground
Face order is transmitted to shaft bottom equipment, preferably to cope with and solve the problems, such as to occur.
Real-time transmission system is divided into two classes：Wire transmission and wireless transmission.Wherein, wire transmission includes following several：Electricity
Cable transmits, and underground equipment is connected with computer on well using cable, and this transmission rate is fast, it can be achieved that transmitted in both directions, underground
Equipment can directly be powered by cable, is eliminated well dynamic source device, is simplified structure.But this transmission mode makes whole
A system structure complicates, and at work, cable can be worn, and needed oil well to be stopped and checked, exploitation is reduced
Efficiency increases workload；Extraordinary tubing transmission produces the special oil pipe being attached to continuous conductor in drilling rod, this mode
Transmission rate is fast, it can be achieved that two-way communication, and transmission line is not easy to wear.But required special type oil pipe is of high cost, makes
Difficulty, whole system applicability be not high；Optical fiber transmits, and underground equipment is connected with computer on well using optical fiber, working condition
It is similar with cable transmission.Wireless transmission includes：Mud-pulse transmits, this is a kind of current most popular drilling well wireless data
Transmission mode, it is that well data is converted into drilling liquid pressure pulse, as circulation of drilling fluid is transmitted to ground.Simply
It says, is exactly by changing the drilling fluid flow regime in pipeline so that drilling liquid pressure changes, these pressure pulses carry
It downhole data and is transmitted to ground with drilling fluid, ground is by detecting pressure change, you can knows the working condition of underground.It is this
Mode applicability is wide, at low cost, but transmission rate is excessively slow；Electromagnetic transmission, there are two types of modes for electromagnetic transmission downhole data, a kind of
Using stratum as transmission medium, another kind is using drilling rod as transmission conductor.Specific method is first to load data on electromagnetic wave, by electricity
Magnetic wave transmitter emits around.Ground finder detects and receives electromagnetic wave, and the measurement data coupled in electromagnetic wave is detached
Out, and then underground work situation is analyzed.This method, which overcomes, can not be suitable for drilling fluid inflation in mud-pulse transmission
The shortcomings that situation, improves the transmission speed of data.But electromagnetic signal decays seriously in the earth formation, is easy by drilling equipment
With the low-resistance interference in stratum, Long-range Data Transmission temporarily cannot achieve；Sonic transmissions, sonic transmissions are to be with drill string tube wall
Propagation medium, using sound wave as signal vehicle, utilize sound wave in drill string propagation carry out downhole data wireless transmission a kind of skill
Art.Drill string is continuous steel structure, this just provides for Acoustic Wave Propagation richly endowed by nature as the important component through entire drilling well
Condition, spread speed is fast in solids for sound wave, improves the transmission rate of data, meanwhile, drilling rod this natural propagation is logical
Road reduces the cost of whole equipment, simplifies structure, the directional transmissions of sound wave easy to implement.
So development acoustic logging is conducive to exploitation person and grasps underground working in detail, oil can be greatly enhanced
The stability of gas acquisition, improves collecting efficiency.
Invention content
The present invention proposes a kind of acoustic logging system.Its basic principle is real by the various kinds of sensors in detection system
When measure the working condition of oil pipe, record Various types of data, then modulating coder is passed to by transmission circuit, modulating coder will
Data are converted into the digital signal of suitable channel, and control PZT (piezoelectric transducer) converts digital signal to acoustic signals, acoustic signals
It is earthward propagated along oil pipe, several piezoelectricity repeaters may be needed to enhance signal on the way.After reaching ground, using conspicuous
Mu Huozi amplifiers are amplified signal, and signal makes the elastic sheet of Helmholtz amplifier tail end coerce as driving source
Compel vibration, optical fibre displacement sensor detects elastic sheet vibration regularity, is translated into digital signal, obtained finally by demodulation
Underground initial data.
In order to realize that above-mentioned requirements, the present invention adopt the following technical scheme that：A kind of acoustic logging system, mainly by detection system
System, the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer), oil pipe, relaying converter, acoustic receiver composition, detection system detectable signal, the first piezoelectricity change
Energy device conversion signal, tubing transmission signal, acoustic receiver receive signal.
The detection system includes temperature sensor, velocity sensor, the sensors such as pressure sensor, transmission circuit with
And modulating coder.
The acoustic receiver includes Helmholtz amplifier, sensor mounting sleeve, optical fibre displacement sensor.He Muhuo
Hereby amplifier is fixed on the oil pipe of oil well exit, and optical fibre displacement sensor is fixed on Helmholtz by sensor mounting sleeve and puts
On big device.
First PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is by the encoder controlled motion in detection system.
The relaying converter is composed of piezo-electricity displacement sensor and the second PZT (piezoelectric transducer).
Its operation principle is as follows：In oil recovery process, the various kinds of sensors work in detection system, the work of record oil well bottom end
Status data, these data are deposited in by transmission circuit in modulating coder, by coder transitions at suitable transmission
Digital modulation signals.According to these signals, encoder controls the regular jarring oil pipe of the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer), and digital signal is turned
Acoustic signals are turned to along oil pipe earthward to emit.In transmission process, a degree of decaying can occur for acoustic signals, need
Several relaying converters are set on oil pipe, piezo-electricity displacement sensor part is used to detect the acoustic signals transmitted by shaft bottom,
Then signal is amplified by the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer) part and continues up transmission.Propagation of the sound wave in tubing wall is substantial
It is reciprocating motion of the oil pipe medium in a certain position, a driving source is equivalent on surrounding and watching, when sound wave passes to ground or more
Afterwards, surrounding air can be excited to vibrate, and neck air column is equivalent to one under the excitation of outside air in Helmholtz amplifier
A spring oscillator, chamber air are equivalent to a mass block, this spring-mass block system there is a resonant frequency so that
Intracavitary air pressure is amplified relative to air pressure outside chamber.Thin Elastic of the intracavitary gas pressure of amplification in Helmholtz amplifier tail end
On piece so that the regular vibration of thin slice, the fiber optics displacement amplifier that this vibration is fixed on outside detect, and are converted into number
Signal, it is finally demodulated to can be obtained original downhole data.
The present invention's mainly has following advantage：
1. using sound wave carry out signal transmission, sound wave decay for electromagnetic wave it is small, relative to mud-pulse transmit
For rate it is high.And the drilling rod of steel is as natural sonic transmissions channel so that whole system structure simplifies, cost drop
It is low.
2. the amplification end using Helmholtz amplifier as sound wave, this apparatus structure is simple, easy to process, resonance
Frequency only it is related with its basic size, conducive to according to actual conditions Demand Design parameter to obtain optimal amplification factor.
3. the receiving terminal using optical fibre displacement sensor as sound wave, this sensor is relative to piezo-electricity displacement sensor
For, it is not in direct contact with measurement object, but optical transmission loss caused by displacement is measured by the principle of interference of light, therefore
With high sensitivity.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention entirety sectional view；
Fig. 2 is acoustic receiver device sectional view in apparatus of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1：A kind of acoustic logging system is mainly converted by oil pipe 2, detection system 3, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 4, relaying
Device (being formed by piezo-electricity displacement sensor 7 and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 8 are integrated), acoustic receiver 11 form.Other labels indicate in figure：
The original reservoir 1, drilling fluid 6, has exploited oil reservoir 9, stratum 10 at casing 5.A is acoustic signals transmission direction.
Oil pipe 2 is process by stainless steel.Oil pipe tail end places detection system 3 and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 4, and detection system 3 collects
At all kinds of detectors, transmission circuit and modulating coder.Detector is connected by transmission circuit with modulating coder, modulation
Encoder directly controls PZT (piezoelectric transducer) action, and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) vibration end is contacted with steel pipe.
It relays converter and relaying converter number is arranged according to acoustic wave signal decays situation, be fixed on oil pipe periphery.Relaying
Converter mainly plays the function of amplification original signal, and signal is avoided to cause not known after ground receiver since decaying is excessive
Not.
Acoustic receiver 11 as shown in Figure 2 is mainly by Helmholtz amplifier 12, sensor mounting sleeve 15, fiber optics displacement biography
Sensor 16 forms.Wherein Helmholtz amplifier is made of cavity 13 and elastic sheet 14.Sensor mounting sleeve 15 and He Muhuo
Hereby amplifier 12 coordinates, on the one hand fixed elastic sheet 14, on the other hand fixed optical fibre displacement sensor 16.Method using in optic fiber displacement sensor
Device output end is connected with modulate circuit, and computer is reached after modulating signals into.
One complete flow of apparatus of the present invention work can be used as a work period：
When normal oil recovery：As shown in Figure 1, oil pipe tail end is located in the original reservoir 1, the various kinds of sensors in detection system 3
Record all kinds of parameters when work, such as temperature, pressure, flow velocity etc., these data are deposited at modulation by transmission circuit and compile
In code device, the digital signal of suitable transmission is encoded by modulating coder.Modulating coder is according to the digital signal of gained
4 regular 2 surface of jarring oil pipe of PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is controlled, converts digital signal to acoustic signals.Acoustic signals exist along the directions A
It is transmitted in 2 tube wall of oil pipe, due to having exploited the viscous influence of oil reservoir 9 and drilling fluid 6 in oil pipe, signal can occur a degree of
Decaying, the piezo-electricity displacement sensor 7 relayed in converter vibrate the acoustic signals after receiving attenuation according to steel tube surface, and will letter
Number being transmitted to PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 8 is amplified.After sound wave reaches ground, the vibration of steel pipe 2 can cause the stress of surrounding air to be vibrated,
Near acoustic receiver 11, the air of vibration can excite the gas in cavity 13 to resonate, Helmholtz amplifier from
When near body resonant frequency, in cavity 13 air pressure much amplified, to excite the vibration of elastic sheet 14.Method using in optic fiber displacement sensor
16 end of probe of device transmitting laser is beaten on elastic sheet, and when elastic sheet 14 deforms upon, reflected light path changes, optical fiber
There are a certain distance between light and original ray that displacement sensor 16 receives, by analyzing these gaps, you can
Know the Vibration Condition of elastic sheet 14.Optical fibre displacement sensor 16 converts the Vibration Condition of elastic sheet 14 to digital signal,
It is transferred to modulate circuit, computer is sent to after demodulated, you can shows underground work situation on computers.
To sum up, present invention employs a kind of novel logging modes of sonic transmissions signal.Compared to traditional logging mode,
Acoustic logging simplifies the structure of whole system, and sound wave is in steel medium using oil pipe itself as signal channel
Middle spread speed is exceedingly fast, and greatly improves the efficiency of transmission of signal.
Using relaying converter structure.Signal transmission inevitably decays, and is amplified using relaying converter original
Signal can ensure that ground obtains the clarity of signal, be conducive to later stage modulation treatment.
Amplifying device of the Helmholtz amplifier as receiving terminal is used in the present invention, this apparatus structure is simple, is resonating
There is very high amplification factor in frequency range, be suitble to capture tiny signal.
Helmholtz amplifier tail end elastic sheet is made of beryllium-bronze in the present invention, this material has very high elasticity, no
It is easy to aging.
Receiving terminal of the optical fibre displacement sensor as signal, this displacement sensor is used to utilize optical transmission loss in the present invention
Detectable signal has high sensitivity.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of acoustic logging system, including detection system, the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer), oil pipe, relaying converter and acoustic receiver
Device, it is characterised in that：Detection system detectable signal, the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer) conversion signal, tubing transmission signal, acoustic receiver
Receive signal；
The detection system includes temperature sensor, velocity sensor, pressure sensor, transmission circuit and modulating-coding
Device；
The acoustic receiver includes Helmholtz amplifier, sensor mounting sleeve, optical fibre displacement sensor；Helmholtz is put
Big device is fixed on the oil pipe of oil well exit, and optical fibre displacement sensor is fixed on Helmholtz amplifier by sensor mounting sleeve
On；
First PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is by the encoder controlled motion in detection system；
The relaying converter is composed of piezo-electricity displacement sensor and the second PZT (piezoelectric transducer)；
In oil extraction process of oil well, temperature sensor, velocity sensor and pressure sensor in detection system measure oil in real time
The working condition of pipe, records Various types of data, these data are transmitted to by transmission circuit in modulating coder, then by modulating-coding
Device is converted into the digital modulation signals of suitable transmission；Modulating coder controls the first piezoelectricity according to digital modulation signals
Transducer motion, the regular jarring oil pipe of the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer), converts the signal to sound wave and launches；Acoustic signals profit
It uses oil pipe earthward to be propagated as transmission channel, in transmission process, according to signal decaying size, is arranged one every a distance
Converter is relayed, by the faint acoustic signals after the piezo-electricity displacement sensor detection decaying in relaying converter, by the second piezoelectricity
Energy converter earthward transmits after amplifying signal along oil pipe continuation；After acoustic signals transmit ground or more, put using Helmholtz
Big device amplified signal, the elastic sheet in Helmholtz amplifier generate deformation under the excitation of acoustic signals, and fiber optics displacement passes
Sensor detects these deformation and is translated into digital signal, and the digital demodulation signal of gained can be obtained underground work shape
Condition.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510825572.8A CN105443117B (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | A kind of acoustic logging system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510825572.8A CN105443117B (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | A kind of acoustic logging system |
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| CN105443117A CN105443117A (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| CN105443117B true CN105443117B (en) | 2018-09-28 |
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| CN201510825572.8A Expired - Fee Related CN105443117B (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | A kind of acoustic logging system |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105484737A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-13 | 湘潭大学 | Automatic acoustic logging instrument and method |
| CA3035370C (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2020-12-29 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Communication networks, relay nodes for communication networks, and methods of transmitting data among a plurality of relay nodes |
| NO20201324A1 (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2020-12-02 | Baker Hughes Holdings Llc | Transducers including laser etched substrates |
| CN109708675B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2021-02-26 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber sensor based on Helmholtz resonator |
| CN112311490B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-06 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for analyzing node network of cased well channel and readable storage medium |
| CN114142947A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-04 | 中国农业大学 | Self-powered underground information detection and transmission system and method based on acoustic communication |
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