CN101737034A - Method and system for transmitting pitshaft data - Google Patents
Method and system for transmitting pitshaft data Download PDFInfo
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- CN101737034A CN101737034A CN200910225328A CN200910225328A CN101737034A CN 101737034 A CN101737034 A CN 101737034A CN 200910225328 A CN200910225328 A CN 200910225328A CN 200910225328 A CN200910225328 A CN 200910225328A CN 101737034 A CN101737034 A CN 101737034A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a system for transmitting pitshaft data in a drilling process in the field of petroleum drilling. The method comprises three steps of receiving and processing shaft bottom data, sending and transmitting a signal and receiving ground data. The method also comprises the following steps of: mounting a relay system in a drill stem to restore the signal; and by using the coupling rule of a piezoelectric transducer and the drill stem and the transmission characteristic of stress wave of the drill stem, automatically select the optimal frequency to transmit the signal along the drill stem through detection until being received by the ground, wherein the signal transmission adopts a chaotic oscillator detecting method which solves a Duffing equation by a four-order-Runge-Kutta method and judges whether the signal exists or not by a periodic value of the system so as to extract the useful weak signal. The system consists of a shaft bottom data receiving and sending system, a ground data receiving system and the relay system and can realize two-way signal transmission. The method and the system for transmitting the pitshaft data can be widely applied to drilling wells of liquid-based and gas-based fluid media and have high speed of data transmission and detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of oil drilling, particularly a kind of pit shaft data transmission method and system.
Background technology
The application of under-balanced drilling technology has in recent years had very great development; but many under balance pressure drillings construction fall flat very important reasons just is do not have in the drilling process to keep overall process under-balance; cause the injury on stratum and the generation of other complex situations; make the underbalance scientific discovery and the protection oily oil-gas Layer; solve specific question; the advantage of aspect such as reduce cost can not be not fully exerted; therefore; the shaft bottom of monitoring under balance pressure drilling in real time data are to realize the necessary condition of overall process under-balance drilling, and the pit shaft data transmission technology has just become to realize the key problem in technology of monitoring in real time.
The wireless drilling data set of relatively popularizing is the MWD that is applied in horizontal well, the directional well at present.This device changes by the drilling liquid pressure that changes in the drill string, utilize pressure pulse signal with the shaft bottom transfer of data to ground, but have following problem:
(1) this device can only be applied in the pure liquid phase fluid drilling well, in gas or the drilling well of gas-liquid miscible fluids, transmits data and can not use because the compressive characteristics of transmission medium can't be finished the pressure pulse mode.
(2) transfer rate is slower, has only 0.5-3bit/s.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pit shaft data transmission method and system, this method is utilized coupling rule and the drill string stress wave transmission characteristic to PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and drilling rod, the device that transmits and receives by the drill string stress wave, with the real-time Data Transmission in shaft bottom to ground, thereby improve the transmission speed of data, and be not subjected to the influence of drilling fluid medium.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is: with the carrier of stress wave as transfer of data, drill string is as transmission channel, and this method comprises that shaft bottom data reception and processing, signal transmission and transmission, ground receive three steps, and is specific as follows:
A. the shaft bottom data receive and treatment step: after the data acquisition unit on the drill string of shaft bottom collects the analog signal that comprises the shaft bottom data, at first analog signal conversion is become data signal through the A/D modular converter, then data signal being input to the DSP signal processing module handles, promptly data signal is encoded the data signal after obtaining encoding with predetermined coded format;
B. signal sends and transmitting step: the data signal after will encoding converts analog signal to by the D/A modular converter earlier, then analog signal is sent to the data transmitter module and carry out signal amplification processing, drive PZT (piezoelectric transducer) again, by PZT (piezoelectric transducer) amplified analog signal is converted to the stress wave frequency signal then, the stress wave tranmitting frequency is selected on the band connection frequency of drill string, and can adjust automatically according to the various combination and the length of drill string, transmit earthward along drill string;
C. ground data receiving step: after the stress wave frequency signal transfers to ground, receive by the data reception module that is installed on the upper kelly cock, and the stress wave frequency signal is forwarded to geoceiver by wireless repeater, import ground-based computer after converting the stress wave frequency signal to data signal by the A/D modular converter, the useful small-signal that is submerged in the very noisy is detected from data signal, and useful signal is decoded.
In signal transmission and the transmission course, if transmission well section is longer, signal attenuation, relay system can also be installed in drill string, the analog signal that transmission comes at the bottom of the data reception module received well in the relay system, through the A/D modular converter analog signal conversion is become data signal, and pass the signal to data processing module, data processing module will be submerged in the useful Detection of Weak Signals reduction in the very noisy, data-signal after obtaining reducing, data-signal after will reducing by the D/A modular converter converts analog signal to, send the data transmitter module to, carry out power amplification rear drive PZT (piezoelectric transducer), the analog signal conversion of PZT (piezoelectric transducer) after with power amplification becomes the stress wave frequency signal to continue to transmit earthward along drill string.
In addition, tranmitting frequency is selected on the band connection frequency of drill string in the signal transmission of pit shaft data transmission method and the transmission, mainly be that the transmission of considering the corresponding Reeb of drill string can produce the alternately comb filter characteristic of variation of passband, stopband, signal can effectively transmit on band connection frequency, and on stop-band frequency, signal attenuation is serious, and signal can not effectively transmit.
DSP is to the encode coded format of employing " synchronizing signal+data-signal " of signal, and each complete signal is 8 information bits, comprises 1 synchronizing signal and 7 data-signals.The synchronizing signal of dsp code is a linear FM signal, passband and stopband to drill string detect, and calculate the drill string free transmission range of determining in conjunction with drill string stress wave frequency equation and analyze, automatically select different structure and length drill string optimum band connection frequency as the transmission signal frequency, drill string stress wave frequency equation is as follows:
In the above-mentioned formula,
d
1-run of steel (mid portion)
d
2-joint length (two sum)
c
1-drilling rod velocity of wave
c
2-joint velocity of wave
k＝ω/z
z＝z
1+z
2
z
1＝a
1·ρ·c
0
z
2＝a
2·ρ·c
0
ω＝2π·f
d＝d
1+d
2
a
1-drilling rod sectional area
a
2-joint sectional area
c
0-steel the velocity of sound
ρ-steel density
The f-frequency
The shaft bottom signal is subjected to the interference of on-the-spot very noisy in transmission course, for detecting the faint and actual required useful signal that is submerged in the very noisy, adopt the chaotic oscillator detection method to extract useful small-signal from strong background noise.The chaotic detection for weak signal method comprises the following Duffing equation of structure:
γ is a driving force in the above-mentioned equation, μ
AThe useful signal of Acos (ω t) for receiving, Z
SBe noise.
Regulating system driving force γ is in from the critical condition of chaos to the large scale cycle transition system.Input contains the measured signal of noise, if system transits to the large scale periodic state from chaos state, then illustrates and contains measured signal in the input signal, uses the quadravalence runge kutta method to find the solution above-mentioned equation, and the periodic quantity of computing system judges that signal has or not.The signal to noise ratio that aforesaid way can detect considerably beyond traditional detection-10dB, reach-below the 40dB, promptly more than 10000 times, system still can effectively detect useful small-signal to noise power greater than signal power.
Ground data receiving system and shaft bottom data receive and emission system can be carried out two-way communication, shaft bottom data receive and emission system with the drill bit lower going-into-well at the bottom of, when beginning to creep into, the ground data receiving system is sent linear FM signal to reception of shaft bottom data and emission system, signal transfers to the shaft bottom data downwards along drill string and receives and emission system, after receiving linear FM signal, at first calculate optimum tranmitting frequency, reception of shaft bottom data and emission system begin the data that the shaft bottom data acquisition unit sends are received then; Carry when boring, the ground data receiving system is sent and is stopped data reception signal, after reception of shaft bottom data and emission system are received signal, stops received well truth of a matter certificate.
Above-mentioned shaft bottom data acquisition unit can be the data collecting system in the conventional MWD instrument, also can be utility model-a kind of shaft bottom data acquisition transmitting device (Chinese patent application number be 2008200063778) or other shaft bottom data acquisition unit of West Drilling Karamay Drilling Craft Research Institute's application.
For realizing said method, the invention provides a kind of pit shaft data transmission system, comprising shaft bottom data reception and emission system, ground data receiving system:
A. the shaft bottom data receive and emission system, comprise shaft bottom data acquisition module, A/D signal conversion module, DSP signal processing module, D/A modular converter, data transmitter module, and wherein: data collecting module collected shaft bottom, shaft bottom data generate analog signal; The A/D signal conversion module is a data signal with analog signal conversion, and data signal is imported the DSP signal processing module; Data signal after the encoding digital signals that the DSP signal processing module is changed the A/D signal conversion module obtains encoding; Data signal after the D/A modular converter will be encoded converts analog signal to; The data transmitter module comprises power amplifier and PZT (piezoelectric transducer), wherein, power amplifier is to amplifying processing by the analog signal after the conversion of D/A modular converter, data signal after PZT (piezoelectric transducer) will amplify is converted to the stress wave frequency signal, and this stress wave frequency signal is transmitted earthward along drill string;
B. ground data receiving system: comprise data reception module, wireless repeater and the geoceiver, A/D modular converter, the ground-based computer that are arranged on the upper kelly cock, wherein, data reception module receives after the shaft bottom transfers to the stress wave frequency signal on ground, and the stress wave frequency signal is input in the wireless repeater; Wireless repeater is forwarded to geoceiver with the stress wave frequency signal; The A/D modular converter is imported ground-based computer after converting the stress wave frequency signal to data signal; The useful small-signal that ground-based computer will be submerged in the very noisy detects from data signal, and useful small-signal is decoded.
C. the pit shaft data transmission system also comprises the relay system between shaft bottom data reception and emission system and ground data receiving system, relay system is made up of data reception module, A/D modular converter, data processing module, D/A modular converter, data transmitter module and supply module, wherein, data reception module receives analog signal; The A/D modular converter becomes data signal with analog signal conversion; Data processing module is handled reduction to data signal, with the input of the data signal after reduction D/A modular converter; The D/A modular converter is a data signal with analog signal conversion, and sends the data transmitter module to; The data transmitter module comprises power amplifier and PZT (piezoelectric transducer), and wherein, power amplifier amplifies processing with analog signal; After the PZT (piezoelectric transducer) module is converted to the stress wave frequency signal with amplified analog signal, continue transmission earthward; Supply module is powered to integrated circuit.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) can be widely used in liquid base, the drilling well of gas base flow body medium;
(2) transfer of data, detection speed are fast, and its transmission speed is greater than 100bit/s.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is pit shaft transfer of data flow process figure in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a chaos detection schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is pit shaft transfer of data flow process figure, according to a kind of pit shaft data transmission method shown in Figure 1 be divided into shaft bottom data reception and processing, signal transmission and transmission, ground receives three processes, and is specific as follows:
A. the shaft bottom data receive and treatment step: the data collecting system of MWD instrument on the drill string of shaft bottom, also can be that utility model-a kind of shaft bottom data acquisition transmitting device (Chinese patent application number be 2008200063778) of West Drilling Karamay Drilling Craft Research Institute application or shaft bottom data that other shaft bottom data acquisition unit collects at first become data signal through the A/D modular converter with analog signal conversion, then data signal being input to the DSP signal processing module handles, DSP adopts the coded format of " synchronizing signal+data-signal " to encode to data signal, the data signal that every frame is complete is 8 information bits, comprise 1 information bit and 7 information bit corresponding to data-signal corresponding to synchronizing signal, DSP encodes according to following coded format:
In the serial communication system, synchronizing signal must be arranged, signal is that one then one, a winding one group of sequential delivery, and the data signal that every frame is complete comprises 8 information bits.Wherein, synchronizing signal is a linear FM signal, is in the first place of 8 information bits, and back 7 information bits are corresponding to the data-signal information bit, represent preferred frequency as " 1 " in the data-signal among Fig. 2, and signal does not send when being " 0 ".
The synchronizing signal of dsp code is a linear FM signal, passband and stopband to drill string detect, and calculate the drill string free transmission range of determining in conjunction with drill string stress wave frequency equation and analyze, automatically the drill string of different structure and length is selected the frequency of the best frequency of its passband laser propagation effect as the transmission signal, drill string stress wave frequency equation is as follows:
In the above-mentioned formula,
d
1-run of steel (mid portion)
d
2-joint length (two sum)
c
1-drilling rod velocity of wave
c
2-joint velocity of wave
k＝ω/z
z＝z
1+z
2
z
1＝a
1·ρ·c
0
z
2＝a
2·ρ·c
0
ω＝2π·f
d＝d
1+d
2
a
1-drilling rod sectional area
a
2-joint sectional area
c
0-steel the velocity of sound
ρ-steel density
The f-frequency
Fig. 2 is the drill string passband figure of synchronization signal detection.
B. signal sends and transmitting step: convert analog signal to by the D/A modular converter earlier through the data signal behind the dsp code, then analog signal is sent to the data transmitter module and carry out signal amplification processing, the vibration PZT (piezoelectric transducer), by PZT (piezoelectric transducer) amplified analog signal is converted to the stress wave frequency signal then, the stress wave tranmitting frequency is selected on the band connection frequency of drill string, and can adjust automatically according to the various combination and the length of drill string, transmit earthward along drill string;
C. ground data receiving step: after the stress wave frequency signal transfers to ground, receive by the data reception module that is installed on the upper kelly cock, and the stress wave frequency signal is forwarded to geoceiver by wireless repeater, import ground-based computer after by the A/D modular converter analog signal conversion being become data signal, the useful small-signal that is submerged in the very noisy is detected from data signal, and useful small-signal is decoded.
In signal transmission and the transmission course, if transmission well section is longer, signal attenuation, relay system can also be installed in drill string, the analog signal that comprises the shaft bottom data that transmission comes at the bottom of the data reception module received well in the relay system, through the A/D modular converter analog signal conversion is become data signal, and data signal is sent to data processing module, data processing module will be submerged in the useful Detection of Weak Signals reduction in the very noisy, data-signal after obtaining reducing, data-signal after will reducing by the D/A modular converter converts analog signal to, send the data transmitter module to, carry out power amplification rear drive PZT (piezoelectric transducer), the analog signal conversion of PZT (piezoelectric transducer) after with power amplification becomes the stress wave frequency signal to continue transmission earthward.
The shaft bottom signal is subjected to the interference of on-the-spot very noisy in transmission course, for detecting the faint and actual required useful signal that is submerged in the very noisy, adopt the chaotic oscillator detection method to extract useful signal from strong background noise.The useful signal Chaotic Detecting Method comprises the following Duffing equation of structure:
γ is a driving force in the above-mentioned equation, μ
AThe useful signal of Acos (ω t) for receiving, Z
SBe noise.
Regulating system driving force γ is in from the critical condition of chaos to the large scale cycle transition system.Input contains the measured signal of noise, if system transits to the large scale periodic state from chaos state, then illustrates and contains measured signal in the input signal, uses the quadravalence runge kutta method to find the solution above-mentioned equation, and the periodic quantity of computing system judges that signal has or not.
Ground data receiving system and shaft bottom data receive and emission system can be carried out two-way communication, shaft bottom data receive and emission system with the drill bit lower going-into-well at the bottom of, when beginning to creep into, the ground data receiving system is sent the linear FM signal of received well truth of a matter certificate to reception of shaft bottom data and emission system, linear FM signal transfers to the shaft bottom data downwards along drill string and receives and emission system, after receiving this linear FM signal, at first calculate optimum tranmitting frequency, reception of shaft bottom data and emission system begin the data that the shaft bottom data acquisition unit sends are received then; Carry when boring, the ground data receiving system is sent and is stopped data reception signal, and reception of shaft bottom data and emission system stop received well truth of a matter certificate after receiving and stopping data reception signal.
Claims (8)
1. pit shaft data transmission method, with the carrier of stress wave as transfer of data, drill string said method comprising the steps of as transmission channel:
The shaft bottom data receive and treatment step: the data collecting module collected on the drill string of shaft bottom is after the analog signal that comprises the shaft bottom data, through the A/D modular converter analog signal conversion is become data signal, then data signal being input to the DSP signal processing module handles, promptly data signal is encoded the data signal after obtaining encoding with predetermined coded format;
Signal sends and transmitting step: the data signal after will encoding converts analog signal to by the D/A modular converter, then analog signal is sent to the data transmitter module and carry out signal amplification processing, drive PZT (piezoelectric transducer), by PZT (piezoelectric transducer) amplified analog signal is converted to the stress wave frequency signal then, the stress wave tranmitting frequency is selected on the band connection frequency of drill string, and can adjust automatically according to the various combination and the length of drill string, transmit earthward along drill string;
Ground data receiving step: after the stress wave frequency signal transfers to ground, receive by the data reception module that is installed on the upper kelly cock, and the stress wave frequency signal is forwarded to geoceiver by wireless repeater, import ground-based computer after converting data signal to by the A/D modular converter, the useful small-signal that is submerged in the very noisy is detected from data signal, and useful small-signal is decoded.
2. pit shaft data transmission method according to claim 1, described method also comprises:
Relay system is installed in drill string, the analog signal that comprises the shaft bottom data that transmission comes at the bottom of the data reception module received well in the relay system, through the A/D modular converter analog signal conversion is become data signal, and data signal is sent to data processing module, data processing module will be submerged in the useful Detection of Weak Signals reduction in the very noisy, data-signal after obtaining reducing, data-signal after will reducing by the D/A modular converter converts analog signal to, send the data transmitter module to, carry out power amplification rear drive PZT (piezoelectric transducer), PZT (piezoelectric transducer) converts amplified analog signal to the stress wave frequency signal and continues transmission earthward.
3. according to claim 1 or the described pit shaft data transmission method of claim 2, adopt the chaotic oscillator detection method to detect the useful small-signal that is submerged in the very noisy, comprise and adopt the Duffing equation:
Use the quadravalence runge kutta method to find the solution the above-mentioned differential equation, the periodicity of computing system judges that signal has or not.
In the above-mentioned equation, γ is a driving force, μ
AThe useful signal of Acos (ω t) for receiving, Z
SBe noise.
4. pit shaft data transmission method according to claim 1, described data signal is encoded with the predictive encoding form, comprise, the coded format that adopts " synchronizing signal+data-signal " is to encoding digital signals, data signal behind each complete coding is 8 information bits, comprises 1 information bit and 7 information bit corresponding to data-signal corresponding to synchronizing signal.
5. according to claim 1 or the described pit shaft data transmission method of claim 4, synchronizing signal is a linear FM signal, be used for the passband and the stopband of drill string are detected, and calculate the drill string free transmission range of determining in conjunction with drill string stress wave frequency equation and analyze, automatically select the frequency of the best frequency of passband laser propagation effect as the transmission signal, drill string stress wave frequency equation is as follows:
In the above-mentioned formula,
d
1-run of steel (mid portion)
d
2-joint length (two sum)
c
1-drilling rod velocity of wave
c
2-joint velocity of wave
k＝ω/z
z＝z
1+z
2
z
1＝a
1·ρ·c
0
z
2＝a
2·ρ·c
0
ω＝2π·f
d＝d
1+d
2
a
1-drilling rod sectional area
a
2-joint sectional area
c
0-steel the velocity of sound
ρ-steel density
The f-frequency
6. be used to realize the pit shaft data transmission system of the described method of claim 1, comprise shaft bottom data reception and emission system and ground data receiving system, wherein:
The shaft bottom data receive and emission system, comprise shaft bottom data acquisition module, A/D signal conversion module, DSP signal processing module, D/A modular converter, data transmitter module, wherein,
Data collecting module collected shaft bottom, shaft bottom data generate analog signal;
The A/D signal conversion module is a data signal with analog signal conversion, and data signal is imported the DSP signal processing module;
Data signal after the DSP signal processing module obtains encoding to encoding digital signals;
Data signal after the D/A modular converter will be encoded converts analog signal to;
Comprise power amplifier and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) in the data transmitter module, wherein,
Power amplifier is to amplifying processing by the analog signal after the conversion of D/A modular converter;
PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is converted to the stress wave frequency signal with amplified analog signal, and the stress wave frequency signal is transmitted earthward along drill string;
The ground data receiving system comprises the data reception module, wireless repeater, geoceiver, A/D modular converter and the ground-based computer that are arranged on the upper kelly cock; Wherein,
Data reception module receives after the shaft bottom transfers to the stress wave frequency signal on ground, and the stress wave frequency signal is input to wireless repeater;
Wireless repeater is forwarded to geoceiver with the stress wave frequency signal;
The A/D modular converter is imported ground-based computer after converting the stress wave frequency signal to data signal;
Ground-based computer detects useful small-signal from data signal, and useful small-signal is decoded.
7. pit shaft data transmission system according to claim 6 also comprises:
Relay system between shaft bottom data reception and emission system and ground data receiving system, relay system comprises data reception module, A/D modular converter, data processing module, D/A modular converter, data transmitter module and supply module, wherein,
Data reception module receives analog signal;
The A/D modular converter becomes data signal with analog signal conversion, and sends the data transmitter module to;
Data processing module is handled reduction to data signal, with the input of the data signal after reduction D/A modular converter;
The D/A modular converter converts data signal to analog signal and sends the data transmitter module to;
The data transmitter module comprises power amplifier and PZT (piezoelectric transducer), wherein,
Power amplifier amplifies analog signal handles the generation amplified analog signal;
PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is converted to the stress wave frequency signal with amplified analog signal, continues transmission earthward;
Supply module is powered to the integrated circuit in the relay system.
8. pit shaft data transmission system according to claim 1, ground data receiving system and shaft bottom data receive and emission system can be carried out two-way communication, shaft bottom data receive and emission system with the drill bit lower going-into-well at the bottom of, when beginning to creep into, the ground data receiving system is sent linear FM signal to reception of shaft bottom data and emission system, linear FM signal transfers to the shaft bottom data downwards along drill string and receives and emission system, after receiving linear FM signal, at first calculate optimum tranmitting frequency, reception of shaft bottom data and emission system begin the data that the shaft bottom data acquisition unit sends are received then; Carry when boring, the ground data receiving system is sent and is stopped data reception signal, and reception of shaft bottom data and emission system stop received well truth of a matter certificate after receiving and stopping data reception signal.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200910225328 CN101737034B (en) | 2008-11-22 | 2009-11-12 | Method and system for transmitting pitshaft data |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810179628 | 2008-11-22 | ||
| CN200810179628.7 | 2008-11-22 | ||
| CN 200910225328 CN101737034B (en) | 2008-11-22 | 2009-11-12 | Method and system for transmitting pitshaft data |
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| CN102733799A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-10-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Well drilling information acoustic wave transmission relay device based on drilling string information channel |
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| CN104197869A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2014-12-10 | 安徽省城建设计研究院 | System and method used for automatically detecting drilling rod length stress waves |
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| CN114928512A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Signal transmission method, device, equipment and medium based on drilling equipment |
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| CN111914806B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2023-12-15 | 成都爱科特科技发展有限公司 | Method and device for detecting ultrashort wave weak signals in high noise environment, terminal equipment and storage medium |
| CN114928512A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-19 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Signal transmission method, device, equipment and medium based on drilling equipment |
| CN114928512B (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-12-13 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Signal transmission method, device, equipment and medium based on drilling equipment |
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