CN106671813A - Battery balancing method and battery management system - Google Patents
Battery balancing method and battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106671813A CN106671813A CN201611241884.5A CN201611241884A CN106671813A CN 106671813 A CN106671813 A CN 106671813A CN 201611241884 A CN201611241884 A CN 201611241884A CN 106671813 A CN106671813 A CN 106671813A
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- battery
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a battery balancing method and a battery management system. The battery balancing method comprises the steps that in a charging or discharging state, voltages of batteries connected in series are acquired; according to the voltages, migration electricity quantity required by the batteries for reaching the balance are calculated according to the voltages; if the migration electricity quantity required by the batteries indicate that the batteries need balance, electricity quantity balance is enabled for the batteries needing the balance. The electricity quantity required to be migrated for the batteries to reach balance can be accurately calculated, and the stepped effect occurred among the batteries can be effectively prevented. In addition, whether the batteries need balance is checked, mistaken balance is avoided, the balancing efficiency can be improved, further the overall performance of a battery pack is improved, and the service life of the batteries is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the battery management technique of electric automobile, more particularly to a kind of equalization methods and battery management of battery
System.
Background technology
In recent years, increasing product adopts lithium ion battery as main power source, mainly due to lithium ion battery
With small volume, energy density is high, and memory-less effect, cycle life is high, the low advantage of self-discharge rate；But while lithium ion battery
It is very high to charge-discharge power demand, when overcharging, cross put, overcurrent and when occurring situations such as short circuit, lithium ion battery pressure is big with heat
Amount increases, and easily produces spark, burning and even explodes, therefore, lithium ion battery is bar none all added with crossing charge and discharge protecting
Circuit.With the manufacture level and technique of current battery, it is impossible to ensure battery with two side terminals.If these batteries are assembled into into one
The voltage differences that module, the capacity individual variation produced in use due to battery and self-discharge rate are produced, can cause mould
The parameter of each battery is far from each other in group.Battery management system (BMS) is just necessarily required to be equipped with equalization function for this problem
To ensure safety and stability.
Battery balanced meaning is exactly to utilize electronic technology, makes lithium-ion battery monomer voltage deviation be maintained at expected model
In enclosing, so as to ensure that each cell is not damaged when normally using.Relatively broad equalization scheme is used at present
For the active equalization mode of non-energy consumption type, the balanced way is by the energy transfer the higher battery of voltage to relatively low electricity
Pond, reduces the discordance of cell voltage, so as to improve the service life of whole group battery.The shortcoming of this equalization scheme is：
Active equalization can only be carried out between two adjacent batteries monomers, can only two neighboring energy changed, whole group battery makes
After of long duration, the voltage of battery occurs alias, so as to affect the final effect of active equalization.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to a kind of equalization methods and battery management system of battery are proposed, so that the equilibrium of battery is more
Accurately, it is in hgher efficiency.
It is that, up to this purpose, the present invention is employed the following technical solutions：
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of equalization methods of battery, including：
Under charge or discharge state, the voltage of each battery of series connection is gathered；
Each battery is calculated according to the voltage and reaches the balanced migration electricity for needing and migrating；
If judging that the battery needs equilibrium according to the migration electricity of each battery, to needing battery in a balanced way to open
Open electric quantity balancing.
Wherein, each battery is calculated according to the voltage and reaches the balanced migration electricity for needing and migrating, including：
The average voltage of N block batteries is calculated according to the voltage；
The migration electricity of n-th piece of battery, 1≤n≤N are calculated based on equation below；
The voltage-average voltage of migration+the n-th piece of battery of electricity of the migration electricity=the (n-1)th piece battery of n-th piece of battery.
Further, calculate each battery according to the voltage to reach after the balanced migration electricity for needing and migrating, also include：
Balanced way is judged according to the migration electricity；
Accordingly, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing, including：
According to the balanced way, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing；
Wherein, if the migration electricity is positive number, the balanced way is electric discharge；
The migration electricity is negative, then the balanced way is charging.
Further, calculate each battery according to the voltage to reach after the balanced migration electricity for needing and migrating, also include：
According to the migration electricity and unit interval migration amount, computation migration time；
Accordingly, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing, including：
According to the migration time, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing.
Wherein, judge that the battery needs equilibrium according to the migration electricity of each battery, including：
Whether the absolute value for judging the migration electricity of each battery opens threshold value more than balanced, if so, the then battery
Need equilibrium.
On the other hand, the present invention provides a kind of battery management system, including：
Voltage acquisition module, under charge or discharge state, gathering the voltage of each battery of series connection；
Processing module, for calculating each battery according to the voltage the balanced migration electricity for needing and migrating is reached；
Control module, if judging that the battery needs equilibrium for the migration electricity according to each battery, to needing
In a balanced way battery opens electric quantity balancing.
Wherein, the processing module specifically for：
The average voltage of N block batteries is calculated according to the voltage；
The migration electricity of n-th piece of battery, 1≤n≤N are calculated based on equation below；
The voltage-average voltage of migration+the n-th piece of battery of electricity of the migration electricity=the (n-1)th piece battery of n-th piece of battery.
Further, the processing module is additionally operable to：
Balanced way is judged according to the migration electricity；
Wherein, if the migration electricity is positive number, the balanced way is electric discharge；The migration electricity is negative, then
The balanced way is charging；
Accordingly, the control module specifically for：
According to the balanced way, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing.
Further, the processing module is additionally operable to：
According to the migration electricity and unit interval migration amount, computation migration time；
Accordingly, the control module specifically for：
According to the migration time, to need in a balanced way battery open electric quantity balancing.
Wherein, the control module specifically for：
Whether the absolute value for judging the migration electricity of each battery opens threshold value more than balanced, if so, the then battery
Need equilibrium.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Under battery charge or discharge state, balanced needs are reached according to each battery of voltage calculating of each battery of series connection and is moved
The migration electricity of shifting；If judging that the battery needs equilibrium according to the migration electricity of each battery, to needing in a balanced way
Battery opens electric quantity balancing.The present invention can accurately calculate battery and reach the balanced electricity for needing and migrating, and to battery
Equilibrium whether is needed to be verified, it is to avoid by mistake balanced, it is possible to increase the overall performance of the set of cells of efficiency, and then raising in a balanced way,
Extend the service life of battery.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the equalization methods of the battery that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the equalization methods of the battery that the embodiment of the present invention two is provided.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the battery management system that the embodiment of the present invention three is provided.
Specific embodiment
For make present invention solves the technical problem that, the technical scheme that adopts and the technique effect that reaches it is clearer, below
Accompanying drawing will be combined to be described in further detail the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, it is clear that described embodiment is only
It is a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.
Embodiment one
The present embodiment provides a kind of equalization methods of battery, for realizing the active equalization of the electrokinetic cell of power vehicle,
Typically performed by a kind of battery management system, the battery management system is realized by software and/or hardware.
The equalization methods comprise the steps：
S11, under charge or discharge state, gathers the voltage of each battery of series connection.
Just need to carry out electric quantity balancing under battery charge or discharge state, by voltage acquisition chip, collection series connection
The voltage of each battery.
S12, calculates each battery and reaches the balanced migration electricity for needing and migrating according to the voltage.
The average voltage of N block batteries is calculated according to the voltage, battery is calculated with reference to average voltage and is reached balanced need
The migration electricity to be migrated, i.e. need the battery of electric discharge needs the energy for exporting altogether, or needs the battery for charging to need altogether
The energy to be obtained.
Migration electricity exports corresponding electricity in adjacent battery for the battery of positive number；Migration electricity is the electricity of negative
Pond, from adjacent battery corresponding electricity is obtained.
Further, in other embodiments, after step S12, also include：
S121, according to the migration electricity balanced way is judged.
Wherein, if the migration electricity is positive number, the balanced way is electric discharge；The migration electricity is negative, then
The balanced way is charging.
Further, in other embodiments, after step S12, also include：
S122, according to the migration electricity and unit interval migration amount, computation migration time.
S13, if judging that the battery needs equilibrium according to the migration electricity of each battery, to needing electricity in a balanced way
Open electric quantity balancing in pond.
Whether the absolute value for judging the migration electricity of each battery opens threshold value more than balanced, if so, the then battery
Need equilibrium.Equilibrium opens threshold value according to the equalization request of battery management system to arrange, and needs to consider the concrete of battery
The overall performance of parameter and set of cells.
Accordingly, for the embodiment for performing step S121, in step S13, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electricity
Equilibrium, including：According to the balanced way, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing.
Accordingly, for the embodiment for performing step S122, in step S13, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electricity
Equilibrium, including：According to the migration time, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing.
Under battery charge or discharge state, balanced needs are reached according to each battery of voltage calculating of each battery of series connection and is moved
The migration electricity of shifting；If judging that the battery needs equilibrium according to the migration electricity of each battery, to needing in a balanced way
Battery opens electric quantity balancing.The present embodiment can accurately calculate battery and reach the balanced electricity for needing and migrating, and to electricity
Whether pond needs equilibrium to be verified, it is to avoid by mistake balanced, it is possible to increase the globality of the set of cells of efficiency, and then raising in a balanced way
Can, extend the service life of battery.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment provides a kind of equalization methods of battery, the calculating on the basis of above-described embodiment, to migrating electricity
Method is illustrated.
Below, constitute a set of cells with 8 pieces of batteries to be illustrated.The equalization methods comprise the steps：
S21, under charge or discharge state, gathers the voltage of each battery of series connection.
Assume that the voltage for collecting 8 pieces of batteries by acquisition chip or Acquisition Circuit is respectively：Vb1=3.07, Vb2=
3.06、Vb3=3.09, Vb4=3.06, Vb5=3.05, Vb6=3.07, Vb7=3.09, Vb8=3.08 (unit volts).
S22, calculates each battery and reaches the balanced migration electricity for needing and migrating according to the voltage.
The average voltage of N block batteries, V are calculated according to the voltagef=(Vb1+…+VbN)/N；As above 8 pieces of batteries is flat
Voltage Vf=3.07125.
The migration electricity of n-th piece of battery is calculated based on equation below：
The voltage-average voltage of migration+the n-th piece of battery of electricity of the migration electricity=the (n-1)th piece battery of n-th piece of battery, 1
≤n≤N。
The derivation of formula is as follows：
1st, the voltage of 8 pieces of batteries is expressed in matrix as：
If the 2, equilibrium is betided between the 1st, the 2nd piece of battery, the result for ideally migrating is so that the 1st block of battery electricity
Pressure reduces v1, and the 2nd piece of battery electric quantity increases v1, that is, voltage is changed into after migration：
3rd, by that analogy, after the migration of different migration electricity has been done between each battery, each battery reaches equilibrium, i.e.,：
Above formula is carried out arranging can be obtained：
Wherein, v1For the migration electricity that the 1st piece of battery is migrated to the 2nd piece of battery, v2Move to the 3rd piece of battery for the 2nd piece of battery
The migration electricity of shifting, by that analogy, v7For the migration electricity that the 7th piece of battery is migrated to the 8th piece of battery.
4th, inversion calculation is carried out to the matrix of 8*8 in step 3：
5th, using the inverse matrix tried to achieve in 4, can calculate：
Therefore, formula is obtained：vn=vn-1+Vbn-Vf。
S23, according to the migration electricity balanced way is judged.
Wherein, if the migration electricity is positive number, the balanced way is electric discharge；The migration electricity is negative, then
The balanced way is charging.As it appears from the above, v1Piece battery of=- 0.00125, i.e., the 1st needs to obtain electricity from the 2nd piece of battery
0.00125 volt；v3Piece battery of=0.00625, i.e., the 3rd is needed to the 4th piece of 0.00625 volt of battery discharge.
S24, according to the migration electricity and unit interval migration amount, computation migration time.
The unit interval migration amount of BMS is that basis compresses the decision of each side such as load capacity of power supply buses factor, single
In the case that position time-shift amount is constant, as long as performing the electric quantity balancing of corresponding duration by the migration time, you can complete institute
State the transfer of migration electricity.
S25, judges whether the battery needs equilibrium according to the migration electricity of each battery, is then execution step S26；
Otherwise execution step S27.
Whether the absolute value for judging the migration electricity of each battery opens threshold value more than balanced, if so, the then battery
Need equilibrium.Equilibrium is opened threshold value and is set according to actual needs, and the balanced unlatching threshold value in charging process and discharge process has can
Be able to can differ, it is by mistake balanced in order to prevent to arrange the balanced purpose for opening threshold value, is reducing balanced number of times and is improving battery one
Balance is obtained in cause property.
S26, according to the balanced way and the migration time, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing.
Battery to needing electric discharge, by the output of corresponding electricity to next piece of adjacent battery；To the battery for needing to charge,
Corresponding electricity is obtained from next piece of adjacent battery.
S27, is not turned on electric quantity balancing.
To prevent by mistake balanced and reducing balanced number of times, for migration electricity is not up to the balanced battery for opening threshold value, do not open
Open electric quantity balancing.
The present embodiment can accurately calculate battery and reach the balanced electricity for needing and migrating, Neng Gouyou by multi-dimensional matrix
Whether effect prevents the alias occurred between battery, and need equilibrium to verify on battery, it is to avoid by mistake balanced, Neng Gouti
High efficiency in a balanced way, and then the overall performance of set of cells is improved, extend the service life of battery.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment provides a kind of battery management system, for performing the equalization methods described in above-described embodiment, solves phase
Same technical problem, reaches identical technique effect.
The battery management system includes：Voltage acquisition module 31, processing module 32 and control module 33.
Voltage acquisition module 31, under charge or discharge state, gathering the voltage of each battery of series connection.
Processing module 32, for calculating each battery according to the voltage the balanced migration electricity for needing and migrating is reached.
Control module 33, if judging that the battery needs equilibrium for the migration electricity according to each battery, to needing
To open electric quantity balancing by battery in a balanced way.
Wherein, the control module 33 specifically for：Whether the absolute value for judging the migration electricity of each battery is more than
Threshold value is opened in equilibrium, and if so, then the battery needs equilibrium.
Wherein, the processing module 32 specifically for：
The average voltage of N block batteries is calculated according to the voltage；The migration electricity of n-th piece of battery is calculated based on equation below
Amount：
The voltage-average voltage of migration+the n-th piece of battery of electricity of the migration electricity=the (n-1)th piece battery of n-th piece of battery, 1
≤n≤N。
Further, in other embodiments, the processing module 32 is additionally operable to：
Balanced way is judged according to the migration electricity；Wherein, if the migration electricity is positive number, the balanced way
For electric discharge；The migration electricity is negative, then the balanced way is charging.
Accordingly, the control module 33 specifically for：
According to the balanced way, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing.
Further, in other embodiments, the processing module 32 is additionally operable to：
According to the migration electricity and unit interval migration amount, computation migration time.
Accordingly, the control module 33 specifically for：
According to the migration time, to need in a balanced way battery open electric quantity balancing.
Under battery charge or discharge state, balanced needs are reached according to each battery of voltage calculating of each battery of series connection and is moved
The migration electricity of shifting；If judging that the battery needs equilibrium according to the migration electricity of each battery, to needing in a balanced way
Battery opens electric quantity balancing.The present embodiment can accurately calculate battery and reach the balanced electricity for needing and migrating, can be effective
The alias occurred between battery is prevented, and whether needs equilibrium to verify on battery, it is to avoid be by mistake balanced, it is possible to increase
The overall performance of the set of cells of efficiency, and then raising in a balanced way, extends the service life of battery.
The know-why of the present invention is described above in association with specific embodiment.These descriptions are intended merely to explain the present invention's
Principle, and can not by any way be construed to limiting the scope of the invention.Based on explanation herein, the technology of this area
Personnel associate other specific embodiments of the present invention by need not paying performing creative labour, these modes fall within
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of equalization methods of battery, it is characterised in that include：
Under charge or discharge state, the voltage of each battery of series connection is gathered；
Each battery is calculated according to the voltage and reaches the balanced migration electricity for needing and migrating；
If judging that the battery needs equilibrium according to the migration electricity of each battery, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electricity
Amount is balanced.
2. equalization methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each battery is calculated according to the voltage and reaches balanced need
The migration electricity to be migrated, including：
The average voltage of N block batteries is calculated according to the voltage；
The migration electricity of n-th piece of battery, 1≤n≤N are calculated based on equation below；
The voltage-average voltage of migration+the n-th piece of battery of electricity of the migration electricity=the (n-1)th piece battery of n-th piece of battery.
3. equalization methods according to claim 2, it is characterised in that each battery is calculated according to the voltage and reaches balanced need
After the migration electricity to be migrated, also include：
Balanced way is judged according to the migration electricity；
Accordingly, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing, including：
According to the balanced way, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing；
Wherein, if the migration electricity is positive number, the balanced way is electric discharge；
The migration electricity is negative, then the balanced way is charging.
4. equalization methods according to claim 2, it is characterised in that each battery is calculated according to the voltage and reaches balanced need
After the migration electricity to be migrated, also include：
According to the migration electricity and unit interval migration amount, computation migration time；
Accordingly, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing, including：
According to the migration time, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing.
5. equalization methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that according to the migration electricity of each battery judges
Battery needs equilibrium, including：
Whether the absolute value for judging the migration electricity of each battery opens threshold value more than balanced, and if so, then the battery needs
It is balanced.
6. a kind of battery management system, it is characterised in that include：
Voltage acquisition module, under charge or discharge state, gathering the voltage of each battery of series connection；
Processing module, for calculating each battery according to the voltage the balanced migration electricity for needing and migrating is reached；
Control module, if judging that the battery needs equilibrium for the migration electricity according to each battery, to needing equilibrium
Battery open electric quantity balancing.
7. battery management system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the processing module specifically for：
The average voltage of N block batteries is calculated according to the voltage；
The migration electricity of n-th piece of battery, 1≤n≤N are calculated based on equation below；
The voltage-average voltage of migration+the n-th piece of battery of electricity of the migration electricity=the (n-1)th piece battery of n-th piece of battery.
8. battery management system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the processing module is additionally operable to：
Balanced way is judged according to the migration electricity；
Wherein, if the migration electricity is positive number, the balanced way is electric discharge；The migration electricity is negative, then described
Balanced way is charging；
Accordingly, the control module specifically for：
According to the balanced way, to needing battery in a balanced way to open electric quantity balancing.
9. battery management system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the processing module is additionally operable to：
According to the migration electricity and unit interval migration amount, computation migration time；
Accordingly, the control module specifically for：
According to the migration time, to need in a balanced way battery open electric quantity balancing.
10. battery management system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the control module specifically for：
Whether the absolute value for judging the migration electricity of each battery opens threshold value more than balanced, and if so, then the battery needs
It is balanced.
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| CN110120558A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-08-13 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | A kind of the active equalization control method and control system of lithium ion battery |
| CN112180273A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-01-05 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Vehicle battery diagnosis device, battery diagnosis method thereof, and vehicle including vehicle battery diagnosis device |
| CN112737010A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-30 | 杭州高特电子设备股份有限公司 | Lithium ion power battery equalization effect evaluation system and method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20170517 |