CN106668850A - 一组天然杀菌/抗菌剂 - Google Patents
一组天然杀菌/抗菌剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106668850A CN106668850A CN201510740352.5A CN201510740352A CN106668850A CN 106668850 A CN106668850 A CN 106668850A CN 201510740352 A CN201510740352 A CN 201510740352A CN 106668850 A CN106668850 A CN 106668850A
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- sterilization
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Abstract
本发明属于医药及卫生技术领域,具体公开一组天然杀菌/抗菌剂。包含一组杀菌/抗菌物,辅料,及基质溶液。杀菌/抗菌物为溶菌酶、溶葡球菌酶、和数种抗菌肽中的一种或多种组合;辅料为多元醇类、寡糖类、脂肪酸类中的一种或多种组合;基质溶液选用接近生理pH值和渗透压的缓冲溶液。对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均具有非常强的杀灭作用,而对人体细胞和组织无毒害作用,且非常容易被人体吸收代谢或者排泄掉。因此,对杀菌和在医疗领域中各种菌类炎症的治疗的意义是不言而喻的。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药及卫生技术领域,具体涉及一组天然杀菌/抗菌剂。
背景技术
伤口感染对人类及各种动物的危害是不言而喻的。感染常见的细菌有大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌等,伴随着抗生素的大量应用,细菌出现了多重耐药。在医院感染菌的检测中产β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希氏菌占大肠埃希氏菌的74%,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌占金黄色葡萄球菌的76%,产β-内酰胺酶的铜绿假单胞菌是医院常见的耐药菌株,以白色念珠菌为代表的真菌感染检出率呈现逐年上升的趋势。各种化学消毒剂与抗生素同属于具有特殊抑杀微生物作用的化学物质,它们对微生物的作用机制也有很多相同或相似之处,容易使菌株产生抗性,出现更难以杀灭的菌种,同时化学消毒剂和抗生素由于自身的毒性和蓄积作用对人体也有不同程度的伤害。如下述专利中消毒产品中使用的抗菌剂均为含有上述成分的物质。
专利CN1321573C公布了一种脱乙酰可多糖和二氢查耳酮化合物杀菌剂。该组分含有一定气味,且必须保持pH值在5.5以下,否则杀菌效果降低。
专利CN1777577B公布了一类末端为羰基亚氨基羟基的化合物,通过抑制UDP-3-O-(R-3-羟基癸酰基)-N-乙酰基葡(萄)糖胺脱乙酰基酶治疗革兰氏阴性细菌感染。
专利CN101766188公布了一种壳聚糖抗菌剂,由重均分子量为1500-3000,脱乙酰度为90-95%的壳聚糖、聚季铵盐、EDTA、多元醇组成。
专利CN101808627B公布了一种由精油和氯己定组成的抗菌剂,能更深入渗透皮肤治疗角质层下皮肤感染。
专利CN102008459B公布了一种:取代的苯甲酰胺和吡啶酰胺类化合物,可以作为抗菌剂。
专利CN102802448B公布了一种煅烧钙或氢氧化钙、乙醇及乳酸钠配合而成的水溶液或水分散体。可对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、其他食中毒菌得到高的杀菌力。
专利CN102480952B公布了一种安全性和抗菌性优异的表儿茶素没食子酸酯衍生物。使用该物质或者其异构体或它的盐作为抗菌剂。
专利CN102824363B公布了一种以纳米银和壳聚糖或其衍生物为有效成分的抗菌剂。具有抗菌、消炎、止痒、促进皮肤表面组织修复和创伤面愈合的作用,具有吸收快、见效快、使用方便、不会产生耐药性的特点,可缩短伤口愈合时间,且产品可长时间存放,不会变色,有利于提高患者的顺应性。
专利CN104126608A公布了公开了一种杀菌剂,包括N-(β,β-二氯乙烯基)水杨酰胺、异佛酮、聚氧乙烯、乙烯、烷基苯磺酸、醋酸、过氧化氢。
专利CN104666329A公布了一种过氧化氢、N-(β,β-二氯乙烯基)水杨酰胺、乙烯、聚氧乙烯、烷基苯磺酸、醋酸和异佛酮组成的抗菌剂。
上述发明的抗菌剂大多为化学类有机或无机抗菌剂,长期使用会使菌株产生抗性,并且会严重危害人类的健康。
本发明提供了一组纯天然的对人体无毒害作用的杀菌/抗菌剂,其独特的杀菌机理不会使各种菌种产生抗性,长期使用也不会对人体产生任何毒副作用。各类天然杀菌物质的特点和杀菌机理简述如下。
大部分菌类细胞壁的主要成分为肽聚糖,是一个含有四肽侧链的二糖单位,二糖单位由β-1,4连接的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(NAG)和N-乙酰胞壁酸(NAM)组成。肽聚糖的四肽侧链的氨基酸,依次为L-丙氨酸、D-谷氨酸、L-赖氨酸、D-丙氨酸,而首位的L-丙氨酸通过一个酰胺键与胞壁酸相连,该聚糖链四肽侧链第三位的L-赖氨酸,通过五肽(五个甘氨酸)交联桥连接到相邻聚糖链四肽侧链D-丙氨酸羧基上。由此纵横交叉,左右连接构成十分坚韧的三维立体多孔结构,并构成较厚的肽聚糖层。
溶菌酶是由130个左右的氨基酸组成的球形蛋白,含有二硫键,分子量为14000左右,酸性条件下稳定性很强。溶菌酶能够切断细菌细胞壁上N-乙酰胞壁酸和N-乙酰葡萄糖胺之间的键,导致细胞壁破裂细胞内容物溢出而使细菌死亡。
溶葡球菌酶为白色或淡黄色粉末,是一种含锌的金属蛋白酶,由246个氨基酸组成。表达该基因的核酸组成有1486个核苷酸。等电点为10.5-11.0,酶活性最适pH范围为10~11。溶葡球菌酶可切断肽聚糖中的Gly-Gly键导致细胞壁破裂细胞内容物溢出而使细菌死亡。但该物质长期放置会失活。
Iseganan、Indolicidin、Omiganan、Neuprex、乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、比辛(Bisin)、杆菌肽(bacitracin)均属于抗菌肽。抗菌肽的抗菌作用机理各有特点,但主要有如下机理。1)抗菌肽都是阳离子型或两亲性的,通过桶一板、地毯、环形孔三种方式作用于细胞膜,使膜形成孔洞从而杀死细胞。2)部分抗菌肽通过与细胞内线粒体作用,抑制细胞呼吸,达到杀菌目的。3)部分抗菌肽通过抑制细菌细胞壁的合成,引起细菌细胞形态异常,生长受限,从而促使细胞死亡。4)作用于胞内生物大分子如核酸或蛋白,引起功能异常,最终杀死细菌。
抗菌肽可以通过破坏细胞膜来杀灭细菌,而哺乳动物同样含有细胞膜,但抗菌肽具有高的特异性,对哺乳动物细胞几乎不作用。抗菌肽的阳离子两亲性特性以及哺乳动物细胞与细菌膜组成、膜结构的区别是决定抗菌肽高特异性的重要因素。在生理条件下,绝大多数抗菌肽都是带有净正电荷的,而细菌的细胞膜富含磷脂酰甘油、心肌磷脂或丝氨酸磷脂之类的磷脂而使其带有负电荷,所以两者之间极易发生电荷相互作用,进而使抗菌肽产生杀灭细菌的生物学效应。而哺乳动物细胞膜主要由两性离子磷脂如脑磷酯、鞘磷脂等组成,不易与抗菌肽相互作用。同时,哺乳动物细胞膜上存在的甾醇类分子使抗菌肽不易对哺乳动物细胞产生伤害。抗菌肽的高特异性也决定了其临床应用会具有较高的安全性。
Iseganan是一个由17个氨基酸组成的多肽,内部含有两个二硫键分子量为1900.28,其盐酸盐能与细菌的胞外成分如脂多糖或脂膜酸等相结合,从而引起细菌膨胀、破裂,通过破坏细胞膜来杀死细菌。其序列为H-Arg-Gly-Gly-Leu-Cys-Tyr-Cys-Arg-Gly-Arg-Phe-Cys-Val-Cys-Val-Gly-Arg-NH2,(Cys5&Cys14,Cys7&Cys12)。
Indolicidin是来源于牛中性粒细胞的多肽抗生素。其C端是酰胺化的。对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都具有很强的杀菌活性。其序列为Ile-Leu-Pro-Trp-Lys-Trp-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Trp-Arg-Arg-NH2。
Omiganan是阳离子抗菌肽Indolicidin的类似物,由12个氨基酸组成,分子量为1779.17。最初从牛中性粒细胞的细胞质颗粒中纯化得到的,在体外有广谱的抗细菌和抗真菌活性。序列为H-IIe-Leu-Arg-Trp-Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro-Trp-Arg-Arg-LyS-NH2。
Neuprex一种杀菌/渗透性增加蛋白,N-末端片断结合并中和内毒素,对一些细菌有强大的杀死作用。
乳酸链球菌素是由34个氨基酸组成的多肽,分子量约为3500。其中有13个氨基酸被修饰,拥有两个疏水性结构域,氨基酸1到19构成的A、B、C环为N端结构域,氨基酸23到28构成D、E两环为第二结构域,两个结构域之间由Asn-Met-Lys形成的柔性铰链区相连。其抗菌机理是在敏感细菌的质膜上形成电位依赖性的离子通道,使离子和小分子快速溢出,最终导致细菌死亡。乳酸链球菌素可抑制大多数革兰氏阳性菌,并对芽孢杆菌的孢子有强烈的抑制作用,但对革兰氏阴性菌抑制效果不明显。该物质在蛋白酶的作用下很快水解成氨基酸。
比辛(Bisin)是由明尼苏达大学Daniel J.O’Sullivan教授和他的学生在双歧杆菌中发现的一种“羊毛硫抗生素”,是由约30个氨基酸组成的多肽,分子量3291.8,等电点9.5,能耐受高温和蛋白酶的攻击。对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均有强烈的抑制作用。
杆菌肽(bacitracin)也是由肽链连结的氨基酸组成,对多数革兰氏阳性菌及奈瑟球菌作用好。其作用机理主要是抑制细菌细胞壁的合成。
由于各种物质的杀局机理不同,两种或两种以上配合使用,会产生协同杀菌作用,杀菌效果比单一的杀菌物质要高出几十甚至上百倍。且本发明的杀菌/抗菌剂对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均具有非常强的杀灭作用,而对人体细胞和组织无毒害作用,且非常容易被人体吸收代谢或者排泄掉。因此,对杀菌和在医疗领域中各种菌类炎症的治疗的意义是不言而喻的。
同时本发明还提供了保持杀菌剂活性的辅料,所提供的辅料绝大部分为人体能够吸收和代谢的天然糖类、脂类等物质,对人体没有任何毒副作用,但能够明显延长配方中杀菌物质的存活性。可能的作用机理为:杀菌物质主要为蛋白质类的生物大分子,蛋白质的水溶液中,蛋白质分子均被一层水膜包围保护着,这层薄薄的水膜是维持其结构和功能必不可少的物质基础;干燥脱水时水膜的除去,将导致这些大分子物质发生不可逆变化,如蛋白质分子的空间结构发生变化等;干燥过程中或者在溶液状态长时间放置时,如果加入本发明中的辅料,则这些具有高效氢键供体辅料小分子取代蛋白质周围的水膜中的水分子,与蛋白质形成氢键,使蛋白质在缺水条件下或溶液状态长时间放置时仍能保持原有的空间结构,而不丧失活性。
本发明所使用的缓冲液,与人体等渗,对杀菌物质的活性起到辅助保护的作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一组天然杀菌/抗菌剂。
所述天然杀菌/抗菌剂包含一组杀菌/抗菌物,辅料,及基质溶液。
杀菌/抗菌物为溶菌酶、溶葡球菌酶、Iseganan、Indolicidin、Omiganan、Neuprex、乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、比辛(Bisin)、杆菌肽(bacitracin)等中的一种或多种组合。其中溶菌酶可以为蛋清溶菌酶、重组制备的溶菌酶;溶葡球菌酶可以从sigma公司购买或基因重组制备;Iseganan、Indolicidin、Omiganan、Neuprex、乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、比辛(Bisin)、杆菌肽(bacitracin)可以从菌类基因重组提取或者化学合成。
辅料为聚乙二醇系列、聚乙烯醇、蔗糖、乳糖、海藻糖、纤维二糖、龙胆二糖、棉籽糖、龙胆三糖、松三糖、水苏糖、环糊精、乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、肌醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、赤藓醇、半乳糖醇、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸中的一种或多种组合。
基质溶液选用接近生理pH值和渗透压的缓冲溶液,如PBS缓冲液、Tris缓冲液、Hanks溶液、Earle溶液中的一种。
本发明的杀菌/抗菌剂包括但不限于如下组成(均为每升溶液)。
组成一:
溶菌酶:0.01-100g;
聚乙二醇4000:0.01-100g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
优选:
溶菌酶:0.1-10g;
聚乙二醇4000:0.1-10g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
组成二:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-20g;
甘油:0.001-20g;
Tris缓冲液:余量。
优选:
溶葡球菌酶:0.01-2g;
甘油:0.01-2g;
Tris缓冲液:余量。
组成三:
比辛:0.001-20g;
Hanks溶液:余量。
优选:
比辛:0.01-2g;
Hanks溶液:余量。
组成四:
Omiganan:0.001-20g;
环糊精:0.001-20g;
甘露醇:0.001-20g;
Earle溶液:余量。
优选;
Omiganan:0.01-2g;
环糊精:0.01-2g;
甘露醇:0.01-2g;
Earle溶液:余量。
组成五:
溶菌酶:0.01-100g;
Iseganan:0.001-10g;
聚乙二醇2000:0.01-100g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
优选:
溶菌酶:0.1-10g;
Iseganan:0.01-1g;
聚乙二醇2000:0.1-10g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
组成六:
溶菌酶:0.01-100g;
比辛:0.001-10g;
聚乙烯醇17-92:0.01-100g;
肌醇:0.01-100g;
Tris缓冲液:余量。
优选:
溶菌酶:0.1-10g;
比辛:0.01-1g;
聚乙烯醇17-92:0.1-10g;
肌醇:0.1-10g;
Tris缓冲液:余量。
组成七:
溶菌酶:0.001-20g;
杆菌肽:0.001-10g;
聚乙二醇2000:0.001-20g;
甘油:0.001-20g;
Hanks溶液:余量。
优选:
溶菌酶0.01-2g;
杆菌肽:0.01-1g;
聚乙二醇2000:0.01-2g;
甘油:0.01-2g;
Hanks溶液:余量。
组成八:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-20g;
Indolicidin:0.001-10g;
甘油:0.001-20g;
蔗糖:0.001-20g;
Hanks溶液:余量。
优选:
溶葡球菌酶:0.01-2g;
Indolicidin:0.01-1g;
甘油:0.01-2g;
蔗糖:0.01-2g;
Hanks溶液:余量。
组成九:
Omiganan:0.001-10g;
Neuprex:0.001-10g;
乳糖:0.001-20g;
亚麻酸:0.001-20g;
Earle溶液:余量。
优选:
Omiganan:0.01-1g;
Neuprex:0.01-1g;
乳糖:0.01-2g;
亚麻酸:0.01-2g;
Earle溶液:余量。
组成十:
溶菌酶:0.01-100g;
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-10g;
聚乙二醇:0.01-100g;
棉籽糖:0.01-100g;
龙胆三糖:0.01-100g;
Earle溶液:余量。
优选:
溶菌酶:0.1-10g;
溶葡球菌酶:0.01-1g;
聚乙二醇:0.1-10g;
棉籽糖:0.1-10g;
龙胆三糖:0.1-10g;
Earle溶液:余量。
组成十一:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-10g;
Iseganan:0.001-10g;
乳酸链球菌素:0.001-10g;
海藻糖:0.001-30g;
水苏糖:0.001-30g;
亚油酸:0.001-30g;
Earle溶液:余量。
优选:
溶葡球菌酶:0.01-1g;
Iseganan:0.01-1g;
乳酸链球菌素:0.01-1g;
海藻糖:0.01-3g;
水苏糖:0.01-3g;
亚油酸:0.01-3g;
Earle溶液:余量。
组成十二:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-10g;
溶菌酶:0.01-100g;
比辛:0.001-10g;
环糊精:0.01-30g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
优选:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-1g;
溶菌酶:0.01-20g;
比辛:0.001-1g;
环糊精:0.01-20g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
组成十三:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-10g;
溶菌酶:0.01-100g;
乳酸链球菌素:0.001-10g;
纤维二糖:0.01-100g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
优选:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-1g;
溶菌酶:0.01-20g;
乳酸链球菌素:0.001-1g;
纤维二糖:0.01-20g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
组成十四:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-10g;
溶菌酶:0.01-100g;
Omiganan:0.001-10g;
海藻糖:0.01-100g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
优选:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-1g;
溶菌酶:0.01-20g;
Omiganan:0.001-1g;
海藻糖:0.01-20g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
组成十五:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-10g;
溶菌酶:0.01-100g;
Indolicidin:0.001-10g;
比辛:0.001-10g;
龙胆二糖:0.01-100g;
丙二醇:0.01-100g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
优选:
溶葡球菌酶:0.001-1g;
溶菌酶:0.01-20g;
Indolicidin:0.001-1g;
比辛:0.001-1g;
龙胆二糖:0.01-20g;
丙二醇:0.01-20g;
PBS缓冲液:余量。
本文虽然已经给出了本发明的一些实施例,但是本领域的技术人员应当理解,在不脱离本发明精神的情况下,可以对本文的实施例进行改变。上述实施例只是示例性的,不应以本文的实施例作为本发明权利范围的限定。
具体实施方式
各实施例组成及杀菌效果见表1。
实施例一至四的组成为单一杀菌/抗菌剂,其杀菌效果只对某种菌效果明显,或对三种菌都有效,但效果只是良好。其中实施例一和实施例二中的组成对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果优良,因此更适合用于金黄色葡萄球菌感染。
实施例五至十的组成为含两种杀菌/抗菌剂,杀菌效果比单一杀菌/抗菌剂明显增加,对三种菌的杀菌效果都较明显。
实施例十一至十五的组成为含三种或三种以上杀菌/抗菌剂,其杀菌效果对三种菌(涵盖革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌、细菌、真菌等)的杀灭效果均非常明显。而且显著降低单组份杀菌/抗菌剂的使用量,成本也能显著降低。
中和剂为:0.5%硫代硫酸钠+2%吐温-80+0.5%卵磷脂。
表1各种组成的杀菌/抗菌剂的杀菌效果数据表
经过54℃在恒温箱内放置14天后的稳定性试验见表2。
结果表明,实施例十的配方经过放置后,杀菌效果只有很少的降低,而实施例十六的配方为实施例十中不加辅料和缓冲液而用水代替,杀菌效果已经不是很明显。
同样实施例十五的配方经过放置后,杀菌效果几乎没有降低,而实施例十七的配方为实施例十五中不加辅料和缓冲液而用水代替,杀菌效果也已经不是很明显。
表2部分配方的稳定性试验
Claims (10)
1.一种组杀菌/抗菌剂,包含一组杀菌/抗菌物,辅料,及基质溶液。可以为溶液状态或去除水后的无水的干态存在。
2.权利要求1的杀菌/抗菌物为溶菌酶、溶葡球菌酶、Iseganan、Indolicidin、Omiganan、Neuprex、乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、比辛(Bisin)、杆菌肽(bacitracin)等中的一种或多种组合。
3.权利要求1的辅料为聚乙二醇系列、聚乙烯醇、蔗糖、乳糖、海藻糖、纤维二糖、龙胆二糖、棉籽糖、龙胆三糖、松三糖、水苏糖、环糊精、乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、肌醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、赤藓醇、半乳糖醇、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸中的一种或多种组合。
4.权利要求1的基质溶液选用接近生理pH值和渗透压的缓冲溶液,如PBS缓冲液、Tris缓冲液、Hanks溶液、Earle溶液中的一种。
5.权利要求2的各种杀菌/抗菌物浓度,为每升溶液中含(配方中如有)溶菌酶0.01-100g、溶葡球菌酶0.001-10g;Iseganan 0.001-10g;Indolicidin 0.001-10g;Omiganan0.001-20g;Neuprex 0.001-10g;乳酸链球菌素0.001-10g;比辛0.001-10g;杆菌肽0.001-10g。
6.权利要求3的辅料的添加量与对应配方中杀菌/抗菌物的含量总质量比在0.01∶1至100∶1之间,优选0.1∶1至10∶1之间。
7.权利要求1的杀菌/抗菌剂作为消毒剂或杀菌剂的用途,及以存在于任何形式的载体上作为消毒剂或杀菌剂的用途。
8.权利要求1的杀菌/抗菌剂作为药物、医疗器械或药械组合产品的用途,及以存在于任何形式的载体上作为药物、医疗器械或药械组合产品的用途。
9.权利要求1的杀菌/抗菌剂作为食品添加剂的用途,及以存在于任何形式的载体上作为食品添加剂的用途。
10.权利要求1的杀菌/抗菌剂作为饲料的用途,及以存在于任何形式的载体上作为饲料的用途。
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CN115399339A (zh) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-29 | 深圳市减化生物科技有限公司 | 生物杀菌剂及其制备方法、生物杀菌产品 |
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