CN106665569A - 一种飞防助剂及其制法 - Google Patents

一种飞防助剂及其制法 Download PDF

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CN106665569A
CN106665569A CN201611169830.2A CN201611169830A CN106665569A CN 106665569 A CN106665569 A CN 106665569A CN 201611169830 A CN201611169830 A CN 201611169830A CN 106665569 A CN106665569 A CN 106665569A
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韩仲强
王永生
申宝兵
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Jiangsu Zhongshan new material Co.,Ltd.
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    • A01N57/18Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种飞防助剂,其配方的质量百分比如下:防漂移剂50~65%、润湿剂5~10%、渗透剂5~10%、黏度调节剂1~2%、沉积剂3~5%、防冻剂2~4%、水补足100%。本飞防助剂适用于飞防的悬浮剂、油悬剂、水剂、水乳剂、微乳剂和干悬浮剂剂型。本发明的飞防助剂应用于飞防作业中具有显著防漂移、促沉降、增加润湿、提高药液吸收的作用。

Description

一种飞防助剂及其制法
技术领域
本发明涉及农药助剂领域,具体是涉及一种飞防助剂的制备方法。
背景技术
“飞防”是一个近年来植保行业不断升温的热词,这其中更多热议的是植保无人机农药喷洒。实质上,植保无人机要想真正应用到农业领域,就需要一个庞大完善的生态系统。无人机、国家行业标准、喷洒装置、专用药剂、操控手、飞防大队、售后服务、盈利模式、保险业务等等共同构建着一个无人机植保生态系统。
航空质保在国外的发展航空植保作为一种高效植保方式,在国际上正在广泛应用。在美国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、加拿大、巴西等户均耕地面积较大的国家,普遍采用有人驾驶固定翼飞机作业。植保无人机与大型飞机作业相比更加灵活,在小面积农田作业时能够节省劳动力,因此在日本、韩国等户均耕地面积较小的国家等国家应用较多。
航空植保采用的是超低容量喷雾,由于喷雾液滴小容易随风漂移,飞防作业的过程中农药漂移现象造成了对周围植被、人畜的毒害,污染了环境,降低了农药利用率。
植保无人机需要与飞机相符合的专业的药剂与助剂,高浓度细喷雾低容量的喷洒技术,对药剂提出苛刻的要求。现在市场上的药剂大多并不完全符合无人机的喷洒系统。航空喷洒专用药剂的研发过程中,首先要对产品进行筛选,要求成分活性高,亩用量少,有内吸传导性,对作物安全。其次在剂型的选择上主要以水基化的水剂、悬浮剂、水乳剂为主,选用高含量登记产品。然后在药剂配方上以原有稳定配方为前提,添加专用助剂,减少药剂在喷洒过程中的挥发、漂移等问题。所有航空喷洒专用药剂选用高含量原药,增加制剂加工过程中的研磨时间和次数,保证药剂不会堵塞喷头。
飞防药剂中添加飞防专用助剂,可以增加雾滴的沉降率;增加细小粒径雾滴的比率,减少漂移;同时减少药液在喷洒过程中由于高温、风场等影响而挥发加快;增加药剂落到作物表面以后附着率;增强药液在作物表面的展着性和渗透性,可以使作物更好的吸收药液。采用飞防专用药剂或者助剂可以明显提高药效同时可以节省农药的用量,可以降低成本和保护环境。
减少农药飘移是全球农业喷雾研究的重点领域。多年的研究发现最佳喷雾模式的液滴尺寸分布为150~400μm。小雾滴(<150μm)容易随风漂移,是造成漂移现象的主因,大雾滴(>400μm)可抗漂移但易反弹滚落,降低农药的喷雾覆盖率。防漂移的原理主要是减少小液滴(<150μm),同时避免形成大液滴(>400μm)。
防漂移剂的主要成分有以下几类:卵磷脂衍生物、瓜尔胶为代表的多糖及其衍生物、高分子量的水溶性的线性聚合物(如聚丙烯酰胺)、脂肪醇烷氧基化物、粘弹性的两性表面活性剂(VES)。
2004年美国Platte chemical company在US6797673B1中公开了一种含有卵磷脂的防漂移剂,该防漂移剂的组成包括卵磷脂、一种粘度调节剂、一种水分散剂。
多糖及其衍生物作为防漂移剂的成分主要有瓜尔胶及其衍生物,改性纤维素聚醚、羟丙基罗望子等。1994年法国RHODIA在EP0660999第一个申请了采用瓜尔胶作为防漂移剂使用。此后又公布了相关专利US5550224,US5824797A,US5874096A。2013年日本花王株式会社在CN103188932A中公布了一种农药展着剂组合物方法,其中选用了瓜尔胶、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、淀粉、纤维素及他们的衍生物中的一种以上的多糖作为活性成分。2014年AKZONOBEL在WO2014139975A1中公布了一种采用改性纤维素(甲乙基羟乙基纤维素醚)与农用化学品作为防漂移剂和抗雨水冲刷助剂。并说明了高分子聚合物作为防漂移剂的机理是聚合物溶于水以后增加了水溶液的固有粘度。2011年意大利LAMBERTI在WO2011128236A3中公布了一种采用羟丙基瓜尔胶衍生物作为防漂移剂的方法。2014年RHODIA在US8877682B2中公布了一种采用瓜尔胶、磷酸二氢铵、碳酸钠作为防漂移剂的方法。2015年意大利LAMBERTI在WO2015018870A1中公布了一种采用改性罗望子/酸豆作为防漂移剂的方法。
高分子量水溶性线性聚合物类作为防漂移剂优选聚合物为聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸酯。2000美国Platte chemical company在US6162764中公布了一种采用聚丙烯酰胺作为活性成分的防漂移剂的方法。2000年瑞士的CIBA特殊化学品公司在WO0026160中公布了一种水溶性的阴离子聚合物为活性成分的防漂移剂的方法。2007年瑞士的CIBA特殊化学品公司在WO2007031438A2和WO2007031438A3公布了采用丙烯酸酰胺与丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯的氯甲烷季铵盐的共聚物作为防漂移剂的方法US5874096和US6214771公布了一种水溶性的高分子聚合物防漂移剂,其主要成分为聚丙烯酸酰胺或聚丙烯酸酯。
脂肪醇烷氧基化物类,2014年BASF在WO2014009175A1公布了一种聚乙二醇和脂肪醇三嵌段聚醚组合的防漂移剂方法。2015年BASF在US2015173354A1公布了一种包含麦草畏和防漂移剂的含水组合物方法中采用了脂肪醇嵌段聚醚作为防漂移剂方法。2015年BASF在US2015181865A1公布了一种采用了脂肪醇三嵌段聚醚作为防漂移剂方法。2013年/2015年RHODIA在US2013244878A1/US2015181862A1公布了一种采用了在水中的溶解度重量比小于10%脂肪醇与另外一种聚乙二醇作为防漂移剂的方法。
粘弹性的两性表面活性剂类1988年TOW在US4770814公开使用VES配对的防雾剂,所说VES配对由烷基三甲基季铵表面活性剂和作为其抗衡离子的有机酸以及具有相同离子的有机盐构成。2013年AKZO NOBEL在US2013260998A1公开了作为农药配制剂中的防漂移控制剂的粘弹性的表面活性剂。VES其在用于农药配制剂中时,能产生介于由水喷雾形成的模式和由含瓜尔胶农药水溶液喷雾形成的模式之间的喷雾模式。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种飞防助剂。本发明的飞防助剂是由防漂移剂、润湿剂、渗透剂、黏度调节剂、沉积剂、防冻剂和水组成。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种飞防助剂,它包含如下质量组分:
防漂移剂50~65%、润湿剂5~10%、渗透剂5~10%、黏度调节剂1~2%、沉积剂3~5%、防冻剂2~4%和水补足100%;所述的防漂移剂为蓖麻油烷氧基化物;该蓖麻油烷氧基化物蓖麻油聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚合物R-(EO)X1-(PO)Y1-(EO)Z1分子量分布为2500~4000g/mol,其中(X1+Z1)的值等于25~49,Y1的值等于8~16;所述的润湿剂为有机硅Silwet L-77、异癸醇聚氧乙烯醚、异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种,其中优选的是异癸醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为3~9)、异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为4~10);所述的渗透剂为二辛基丁二酸酯磺酸钠或异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为3~7)中的一种或二种;所述的黏度调节剂为黄原胶、羟甲基纤维素中的一种或二种;所述的沉积剂为尿素;所述的防冻剂为乙二醇。
一种制备上述飞防助剂的方法,它是按上述的配方计量置于容器内,搅拌溶解、均匀,即得本发明的飞防助剂。
飞防喷雾不同于常规喷雾对于气象条件有严格要求:风对单位面积上受药量影响较大,喷雾时最大风速不超过5m/s。最适应的喷药气温是24~30℃,当大气温度超过35℃时,产生上升气流,影响防治效果。喷雾时相对湿度应在60%以上。为避免药剂被雨水冲洗降低药剂,雨天应暂停作业。目前的航空植保作业中形成粗浅的施药方法:植保机飞行速度保持4~8米/秒,飞行高度保持在0.8~1.5米,根据植保机的流量系统,每亩地的施药量在500~1000毫升。
本发明的飞防助剂适用于飞防的杀虫、杀螨、杀菌或除草等悬浮剂、油悬剂、水剂、水乳剂、微乳剂或干悬浮剂农药,按照喷液量的1~2%加入本品,直接倒入配好的药液中,搅拌均匀即可使用,可减少农药使用量。本发明的飞防助剂应用于飞防作业时具有防漂移、增润湿、促沉淀、提高施药效果的作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
飞防助剂配方1质量百分比如下:蓖麻油油烷氧基化物(分子量为3600质量比EO/PO=3.26)60%、有机硅Silwet L-77 8%、异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为5)5%、黄原胶1%、尿素5%、乙二醇2%和水补足100%。该飞防助剂应用于250g/L嘧菌酯SC飞防药剂中,按喷液量的2%添加。未添加飞防助剂的药液和添加飞防助剂药液分别用OMCC(欧美克)DP-02喷雾粒度分析仪测定喷雾粒度分布,所得到的小于150μm的小液滴的比例分别为23.3%和9.1%,添加的飞防助剂有效地减少了喷雾中小液滴的比例,飞防作业中具有显著的防漂移、促进药液吸收的作用。
实施例2
飞防助剂配方2质量百分比如下:蓖麻油烷氧基化物(分子量为3000质量比EO/PO=3.51)60%、异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为6)8%、二辛基丁二酸酯磺酸钠6%、羟甲基纤维素1%、尿素5%、乙二醇2%和水补足100%。该飞防助剂应用于41%的草甘膦异丙铵盐AS飞防药剂中,按喷液量的1.5%添加。未添加飞防助剂的药液和添加飞防助剂药液分别用OMCC(欧美克)DP-02喷雾粒度分析仪测定喷雾粒度分布,所得到的小于150μm的小液滴的比例分别为24.5%和10.4%,添加的飞防助剂有效地减少了喷雾中小液滴的比例,飞防作业中具有显著的防漂移、促进药液吸收的作用。
实施例3
飞防助剂配方3质量百分比如下:蓖麻油烷氧基化物(分子量为3300,质量比EO/PO=3.0)60%、异癸醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为6)8%、异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为5)8%、羟甲基纤维素1%、尿素5%、乙二醇2%和水补足100%。该飞防助剂应用于40%毒死蜱EC飞防药剂中,按喷液量的2%添加。未添加飞防助剂的药液和添加飞防助剂药液分别用OMCC(欧美克)DP-02喷雾粒度分析仪测定喷雾粒度分布,所得到的小于150μm的小液滴的比例分别为23.9%和8.6%,添加的飞防助剂有效地减少了喷雾中小液滴的比例,飞防作业中具有显著的防漂移、促进药液吸收的作用。

Claims (8)

1.一种飞防助剂,其特征是它包含如下质量组分:
防漂移剂50~65%、润湿剂5~10%、渗透剂5~10%、黏度调节剂1~2%、沉积剂3~5%、防冻剂2~4%和水补足100%;所述的防漂移剂为蓖麻油烷氧基化物;所述的润湿剂为有机硅Silwet L-77、异癸醇聚氧乙烯醚、异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或几种;所述的渗透剂为二辛基丁二酸酯磺酸钠或异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为3~7)中的一种或二种;所述的黏度调节剂为黄原胶、羟甲基纤维素中的一种或几种;所述的沉积剂为尿素;所述的防冻剂为乙二醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞防助剂,其特征是:所述的防漂移剂蓖麻油烷氧基化物为蓖麻油聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯聚合物R-(EO)X1-(PO)Y1-(EO)Z1分子量分布为2500~4000g/mol,其中(X1+Z1)的值等于25~49,Y1的值等于8~16。
3.根据权利要求1所述的飞防助剂,其特征是:所述的润湿剂是有机硅Silwet L-77、异癸醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为3~9)、异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为4~10)中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的飞防助剂,其特征是:所述的渗透剂为二辛基丁二酸酯磺酸钠或异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚合度为3~7)中的一种或二种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的飞防助剂,其特征是:所述的黏度调节剂为黄原胶或羟甲基纤维素中的一种或二种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的飞防助剂,其特征是:所述的沉积剂为尿素。
7.根据权利要求1所述的飞防助剂,其特征是:所述的防冻剂为乙二醇。
8.一种制备权利要求1所述飞防助剂的方法,其特征是:它是按权利要求1所述的配方计量置于容器内,搅拌溶解、均匀,即得所述的飞防助剂。
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