CN106664887A - 使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法 - Google Patents

使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法 Download PDF

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CN106664887A
CN106664887A CN201710046328.0A CN201710046328A CN106664887A CN 106664887 A CN106664887 A CN 106664887A CN 201710046328 A CN201710046328 A CN 201710046328A CN 106664887 A CN106664887 A CN 106664887A
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selenium
potato
seed
potato seed
sodium selenite
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陈永波
李卫东
黄光昱
胡百顺
秦邦
熊倩
陈烨
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Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N37/44Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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    • A01N43/34Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
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    • A01N47/12Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N47/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A01N47/14Di-thio analogues thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/02Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16Heavy metals; Compounds thereof

Abstract

本发明涉及一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法,其特征在于包含以下步骤:a.浸泡液的配制;b.亚硒酸钠包衣剂配制;c.种薯切块或切口;d.浸种;e.包衣;f.晾晒;g.播种及管理。包衣种薯成为马铃薯整个生长期的硒源,在富硒地区和缺硒地区均可种植,生长期不需叶面喷施硒肥,生长出不同品种的马铃薯含硒量在0.2mg/kg‑3.0mg/kg之间;在种薯浸泡液中加入高锰酸钾,浸泡后种薯呈紫红色,除预防浸泡过亚硒酸钠的种薯被人误食外,还有消毒灭菌、促进马铃薯增产的作用。本发明操作简单易行,成本低,效果好,能够显著提高马铃薯的品味,生产的马铃薯含硒量一致,便于规模化生产。

Description

使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法。
背景技术
随着马铃薯主粮化战略的推进,富硒马铃薯的生产成为企业和消费者关注的话题。硒酸盐和亚硒酸盐是生产富硒马铃薯的主要硒源,马铃薯可以通过根部和叶片吸收硒酸根和亚硒酸根离子,通过转化、积累到块茎中形成富硒马铃薯。现阶段,各种叶面喷施硒肥、富硒缓释肥、富硒生物有机肥、马铃薯硒强化技术应运而生,这些产品和技术均能使马铃薯达到富硒标准,但施用量大,不均匀、费工费时、难以规模化、产品含硒量不一致、不稳定等是在推广应用过程中遇到的技术难题。本发明提供一种简单易行、便于规模化生产的技术解决马铃薯富硒的问题,以便更好地促进马铃薯产业的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对规模化生产富硒马铃薯含硒不稳定的技术问题,提供一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法。
本发明一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法,其特征在于包含以下步骤:
a.浸泡液的配制:配制0.03%亚硒酸钠-0.1%高锰酸钾混合浸泡液;浸泡液中加入50mL氟菌·霜霉威;
b.亚硒酸钠包衣剂配制:称取亚硒酸钠混于草木灰中,混合均匀,制成含硒量为400mg/kg以上的种薯包衣剂;加入58%的甲霜灵·锰锌20g;
c.种薯切块或切口:选取健康、无病虫害、打破休眠的马铃薯种薯,大于30g的种薯不要破坏芽眼纵向切成2块;小于30g的种薯在脐部一头纵向切2-3刀,刀口深至种薯的1/2-2/3;
d.浸种:将切块和切口的种薯装入网袋,浸入a步骤制好的亚硒酸钠-高锰酸钾浸泡液中;
e.包衣:将浸泡好的种薯取出,撒上b步骤制好的含硒量在400mg/kg以上的草木灰,翻动1-2次,每次翻动后撒上一层草木灰,使种薯被草木灰完全包裹,制成包衣种薯;
f.晾晒:将包衣种薯日晒或置于通风处晾干表面水分;
g.播种及管理:按照常规种植方法播种及管理。
本发明一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法,其特征在于包含以下步骤:
a.浸泡液的配制:称取纯度98%以上亚硒酸钠3g、高锰酸钾10g于盆或桶中,先加1L水,搅拌溶解后,再加水9L,搅拌均匀,配制成0.03%亚硒酸钠-0.1%高锰酸钾混合浸泡液;浸泡液中加入50mL氟菌·霜霉威;
b.亚硒酸钠包衣剂配制:称取纯度98%以上的亚硒酸钠20g于1kg草木灰中,混合均匀,拌入50kg草木灰中,手工或机械搅拌混匀,成为种薯包衣剂,含硒量为400mg/kg以上;加入58%的甲霜灵·锰锌20g;
c.种薯切块或切口:选取健康、无病虫害、打破休眠的马铃薯种薯,大于30g的种薯不要破坏芽眼纵向切成2块;小于30g的种薯在脐部一头纵向切2-3刀,刀口深至种薯的1/2-2/3;
d.浸种:将切块和切口的种薯装入网袋,浸入a步骤制好的亚硒酸钠-高锰酸钾浸泡液中,浸泡30min-60min;
e.包衣:将浸泡好的种薯取出,撒上b步骤制好的含硒量在400mg/kg以上的草木灰,翻动1-2次,每次翻动后撒上一层草木灰,使种薯被草木灰完全包裹,制成包衣种薯;
f.晾晒:将包衣种薯日晒或置于通风处晾干表面水分;
g.播种及管理:按照常规种植方法播种及管理。
本发明一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法:将打破休眠的马铃薯纵向切块(适宜于30g以上的大薯)或切口(适用于30g以下的小薯)后在0.1%高锰酸钾-0.03%的亚硒酸钠溶液中浸泡30min-60min,拌入含硒量400mg/kg以上的草木灰包衣,晾干后按常规方法播种;包衣种薯成为马铃薯整个生长期的硒源,在富硒地区和缺硒地区均可种植,生长期不需叶面喷施硒肥,生长出不同品种的马铃薯含硒量在0.2mg/kg-3.0mg/kg之间;在种薯浸泡液中加入高锰酸钾,浸泡后种薯呈紫红色,除预防浸泡过亚硒酸钠的种薯被人误食外,还有消毒灭菌、促进马铃薯增产的作用。本发明操作简单易行,成本低,效果好,能够显著提高马铃薯的品味,生产的马铃薯含硒量一致,便于规模化生产。
本发明一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法的有益效果:
1、马铃薯经包衣后制成富硒包衣马铃薯种薯,以富硒种薯及包衣剂中的亚硒酸钠做硒源,容易被马铃薯新生根吸收利用。
2、包衣种薯含硒量50mg/kg-60mg/kg,一个30g的种薯含硒量1.5-1.8mg,可满足马铃薯整个生长过程中对硒的需求量,无须叶面喷施硒肥。
3、操作简单,没有地域限制,在富硒区和缺硒区均可实施,可实现工厂化生产马铃薯包衣种薯,便于富硒马铃薯的规模化种植。
4、包衣剂中还可根据需要加入锌、锶等其它微量元素,生产出富锌、锶马铃薯;在草木灰中加入甲霜灵·锰锌可预防马铃薯晚疫病。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1:一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法,包含以下步骤:
a.浸泡液的配制:称取纯度98%以上亚硒酸钠3g、高锰酸钾10g于盆或桶中,先加1L水,搅拌溶解后,再加水9L,搅拌均匀,配制成0.03%亚硒酸钠-0.1%高锰酸钾混合浸泡液;浸泡液中加入50mL氟菌·霜霉威可有效预防早疫病和晚疫病;
b.亚硒酸钠包衣剂配制:称取纯度98%以上的亚硒酸钠20g于1kg草木灰中,混合均匀,拌入50kg草木灰中,手工或机械搅拌混匀,成为种薯包衣剂,含硒量为400mg/kg以上;在草木灰中加入58%的甲霜灵·锰锌20g可预防马铃薯晚疫病;
c.种薯切块或切口:选取健康、无病虫害、打破休眠的马铃薯种薯,大于30g的种薯不要破坏芽眼纵向切成2块;小于30g的种薯在脐部一头纵向切2-3刀,刀口深至种薯的1/2-2/3;
d.浸种:将切块和切口的种薯装入网袋,浸入a步骤制好的亚硒酸钠-高锰酸钾浸泡液中,浸泡30min-60min;
e.包衣:将浸泡好的种薯取出,撒上b步骤制好的含硒量在400mg/kg以上的草木灰,翻动1-2次,每次翻动后撒上一层草木灰,使种薯被草木灰完全包裹,制成包衣种薯;
f.晾晒:将包衣种薯日晒或置于通风处晾干表面水分;
g.播种及管理:按照常规种植方法播种及管理。
实施例2:一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法,
1、马铃薯Mira采用不同浸泡液的富硒效果
取30g左右的马铃薯Mira 16个,分4组,每组4个,分别采用亚硒酸钠、硒酸钠、亚硒酸钠-硒酸钠混合液浸种,以自来水浸种做对照,用含硒量400mg/kg的草木灰包衣后晾干、播种,每盆1个,出苗后按常规栽培技术管理,倒苗后挖出块茎称量,测定含硒量,结果见表1。
表1 Mira采用不同溶液浸泡后的富硒效果
从表1中可看出,采用硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡种薯,能够大幅提高马铃薯的产量,其中以亚硒酸钠最好;含硒量以硒酸钠浸泡最高,但产量低于亚硒酸钠溶液;块茎总硒量比亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡低,因此选用亚硒酸钠作浸泡液。
经检测,包衣马铃薯含硒量为50mg/kg-60mg/kg,一个30g的种薯含硒量1.5mg-1.8mg。马铃薯倒苗后根、茎、叶生物产量为296.54g,平均含硒量为3.34mg/kg,总硒0.99mg;块茎165.23g,含硒量2.43mg/kg,总硒0.40mg,合计含硒量1.39mg,因此,包衣种薯中的硒可满足马铃薯整个生长过程中对硒的需求量,无须叶面喷施硒肥。
2、不同品种马铃薯浸种、包衣后,生产马铃薯的含硒量和产量
通过盆栽试验,我们对Mira、鄂马铃薯系列、中薯3号、中薯5号等10个马铃薯品种采用400mg/L亚硒酸钠溶液浸种、400mg/kg包衣剂包衣后种植,倒苗后称重,测定含硒量,结果见表2。
表2不同品种马铃薯浸种、包衣后,生产马铃薯的含硒量和产量
从表2中结果可以看出:未浸种、包衣的马铃薯仅Mira、鄂马铃薯10号、shepody 3个品种含硒量达到0.20mg/kg以上,浸种、包衣后不同品种含硒量在0.44mg/kg-2.43mg/kg之间,均成为富硒马铃薯。
实施例3:一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法,富硒包衣种薯对马铃薯含硒量及病害预防效果
选取健康、无病害、顶芽已萌动的鄂马铃薯11号10kg,随机分成2份,将30g以上的种薯切块,30g以下的切口,一份做浸种、包衣处理,另一份直接播种,在马铃薯晚疫病、青枯病中发区种植,每个处理播种100穴,每穴2个,按常规方法管理,观察马铃薯晚疫病、青枯病、紫顶萎焉病发病情况,收获后称重,取样测定含硒量,结果见表3。
表3富硒包衣种薯对马铃薯含硒量及病害预防效果
由表3可见,采用富硒包衣种薯生产马铃薯,不仅能够大幅提高马铃薯的含硒量,还能增产,有效预防晚疫病、青枯病和紫顶萎焉病。

Claims (2)

1.一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法,其特征在于包含以下步骤:
a.浸泡液的配制:配制0.03%亚硒酸钠-0.1%高锰酸钾混合浸泡液;浸泡液中加入50mL氟菌·霜霉威;
b.亚硒酸钠包衣剂配制:称取亚硒酸钠混于草木灰中,混合均匀,制成含硒量为400mg/kg以上的种薯包衣剂;在草木灰中加入58%的甲霜灵·锰锌20g;
c.种薯切块或切口:选取健康、无病虫害、打破休眠的马铃薯种薯,大于30g的种薯不要破坏芽眼纵向切成2块;小于30g的种薯在脐部一头纵向切2-3刀,刀口深至种薯的1/2-2/3;
d.浸种:将切块和切口的种薯装入网袋,浸入a步骤制好的亚硒酸钠-高锰酸钾浸泡液中;
e.包衣:将浸泡好的种薯取出,撒上b步骤制好的含硒量在400mg/kg以上的草木灰,翻动1-2次,每次翻动后撒上一层草木灰,使种薯被草木灰完全包裹,制成包衣种薯;
f.晾晒:将包衣种薯日晒或置于通风处晾干表面水分;
g.播种及管理:按照常规种植方法播种及管理。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种使用富硒包衣种薯的可预防晚疫病的富硒马铃薯种植方法,其特征在于包含以下步骤:
a.浸泡液的配制:称取纯度98%以上亚硒酸钠3g、高锰酸钾10g于盆或桶中,先加1L水,搅拌溶解后,再加水9L,搅拌均匀,配制成0.03%亚硒酸钠-0.1%高锰酸钾混合浸泡液;浸泡液中加入50mL氟菌·霜霉威;
b.亚硒酸钠包衣剂配制:称取纯度98%以上的亚硒酸钠20g于1kg草木灰中,混合均匀,拌入50kg草木灰中,手工或机械搅拌混匀,成为种薯包衣剂,含硒量为400mg/kg以上;在草木灰中加入50g枯草芽孢杆菌,可预防马铃薯青枯病;加入58%的甲霜灵·锰锌20g;
c.种薯切块或切口:选取健康、无病虫害、打破休眠的马铃薯种薯,大于30g的种薯不要破坏芽眼纵向切成2块;小于30g的种薯在脐部一头纵向切2-3刀,刀口深至种薯的1/2-2/3;
d.浸种:将切块和切口的种薯装入网袋,浸入a步骤制好的亚硒酸钠-高锰酸钾浸泡液中,浸泡30min-60min;
e.包衣:将浸泡好的种薯取出,撒上b步骤制好的含硒量在400mg/kg以上的草木灰,翻动1-2次,每次翻动后撒上一层草木灰,使种薯被草木灰完全包裹,制成包衣种薯;
f.晾晒:将包衣种薯日晒或置于通风处晾干表面水分;
g.播种及管理:按照常规种植方法播种及管理。
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