CN106662164A - 包括机械辊扭矩限制器的机电致动器 - Google Patents

包括机械辊扭矩限制器的机电致动器 Download PDF

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CN106662164A
CN106662164A CN201580036604.4A CN201580036604A CN106662164A CN 106662164 A CN106662164 A CN 106662164A CN 201580036604 A CN201580036604 A CN 201580036604A CN 106662164 A CN106662164 A CN 106662164A
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torque limiter
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CN106662164B (zh
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X·德弗塞
J·皮阿顿
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Saifeng Electronic And Defense Co
Safran Electronics and Defense SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00—Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • B64C13/24—Transmitting means
    • B64C13/38—Transmitting means with power amplification
    • B64C13/50—Transmitting means with power amplification using electrical energy
    • B64C13/505—Transmitting means with power amplification using electrical energy having duplication or stand-by provisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00—Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • B64C13/24—Transmitting means
    • B64C13/38—Transmitting means with power amplification
    • B64C13/50—Transmitting means with power amplification using electrical energy
    • B64C13/506—Transmitting means with power amplification using electrical energy overriding of personal controls; with automatic return to inoperative position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D28/00—Electrically-actuated clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/02—Freewheels or freewheel clutches disengaged by contact of a part of or on the freewheel or freewheel clutch with a stationarily-mounted member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/08—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D43/00—Automatic clutches
    • F16D43/02—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically
    • F16D43/20—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure
    • F16D43/202—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure of the ratchet type
    • F16D43/204—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure of the ratchet type with intermediate balls or rollers
    • F16D43/208—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure of the ratchet type with intermediate balls or rollers moving radially between engagement and disengagement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D47/00—Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the preceding guide headings
    • F16D47/02—Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the preceding guide headings of which at least one is a coupling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/24—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/28—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged apart from the brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D67/00—Combinations of couplings and brakes; Combinations of clutches and brakes
    • F16D67/02—Clutch-brake combinations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D7/00—Slip couplings, e.g. slipping on overload, for absorbing shock
    • F16D7/04—Slip couplings, e.g. slipping on overload, for absorbing shock of the ratchet type
    • F16D7/06—Slip couplings, e.g. slipping on overload, for absorbing shock of the ratchet type with intermediate balls or rollers
    • F16D7/10—Slip couplings, e.g. slipping on overload, for absorbing shock of the ratchet type with intermediate balls or rollers moving radially between engagement and disengagement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/112—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction clutches in combination with brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/064—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D43/00—Automatic clutches
    • F16D43/02—Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically

Abstract

本发明涉及一种机电致动器，其包括框架(1)和电动马达(2)，电动马达(2)驱动经由制动装置(6)、具有辊的机械扭矩限制器(5)和单向传递构件(4)连接到框架的至少一个运动传递元件(3)。该制动装置包括电激活构件(6.5)，使得当激活构件被供电时，单向传递构件从框架脱开，并且当激活构件未被供电时，单向传递构件固定到框架并且抵抗传递元件在一个旋转方向上的枢转直到由扭矩限制器(5)限定的最大可传递扭矩。

Description

包括机械辊扭矩限制器的机电致动器
本发明涉及相对于固定主体移动可移动元件，更确切地说，本发明涉及一种适于例如在航空中使用的机电致动器，特别是涉及用于相对于飞行器结构移动飞行控制表面的机电致动器。例如，此种飞行控制表面可以是副翼、升降副翼、襟翼、方向舵控制表面、升降舵、扰流器等。
飞行器通常包括固定结构，诸如机翼或尾部，该固定结构具有铰接到该固定结构的飞行控制表面，飞行控制表面安装在固定结构上以便枢转。致动器将可移动表面机械地连接到固定结构，并且它们本身被连接以便由飞行器的飞行员作用于其上的控制单元控制。
已知的致动器包括电动马达和由电动马达的转子驱动的运动传递元件。通常，在此类致动器中，电动马达具有固定到主体的定子，主体紧固到固定结构，并且传递元件驱动传递系统的入口元件，诸如螺杆-螺母组件和/或减速传动装置，其中出口元件紧固到飞行控制表面，使得出口元件的移动导致飞行控制表面在展开位置和缩回位置或中立位置之间枢转。
在马达或其控制装置发生故障的情况下，并且根据飞行控制表面的类型，可优选的是使飞行控制表面自由地朝向其位置中的一个移动，同时防止飞行控制表面朝向其第二位置移动，例如在空气动力的作用下。为此，变速器组件通常包括超速离合器或“自由轮”，其可以在马达发生故障的情况下变为离合(clutched，接合)，以抵抗传递元件在对应于飞行控制表面朝向其第二位置移动的方向上枢转。
当自由轮被离合时，倾向于朝向其展开位置移动的飞行控制表面在传递元件上施加扭矩，该扭矩传递到主体。在某些情况下，扭矩可以很大，并且可具有损坏整个传递系统一直到飞行器的结构为止的风险。
本发明的目的是弥补该缺点。
为此，本发明提供了一种机电致动器，其包括主体、具有紧固到主体的定子的电动马达以及可旋转地连接到马达的转子的至少一个运动传递元件，所述元件经由单向传递构件和制动装置连接到固定主体。致动器包括具有辊的机械扭矩限制器，并且制动装置包括电激活构件，使得当激活构件被供电时，单向传递构件相对于主体被释放，并且当激活构件未被供电时，单向传递构件固定到主体，并且抵抗传递元件在一个旋转方向上的枢转直到由具有辊的机械扭矩限制器限定的最大可传递扭矩。
因此，在过大的扭矩的情况下，扭矩限制器允许传递元件相对于主体滑动，从而限制任何损坏主体的风险。
有利地，具有辊的机械扭矩限制器安装在主体和单向传递构件之间。
该实施例具有特别紧凑的结构，并且使得可以将制动装置、单向传递构件和具有辊的机械扭矩限制器结合在单个子组件中。
优选地，具有辊的机械扭矩限制器安装在制动装置和单向传递构件之间。
这种布置使得结合具有辊的机械扭矩限制器变得简单。
在阅读以下对本发明的特定的非限制性实施例的描述时，本发明的其他特征和优点将显现。
参考附图，其中唯一的图是本发明的致动器的示意性纵向截面图。
本发明的致动器在本文中描述为应用于相对于飞行器的结构移动飞行控制表面。飞行控制表面可在展开位置和中立位置或缩回位置之间运动。
参考唯一的附图，机电致动器包括主体1和电动马达2，电动马达2具有固定到主体1的定子和可旋转地连接到运动传递元件的转子。
主体1具有用于将其紧固到飞行器的结构的常规装置。
电动马达2由控制单元(未示出)供电，该控制单元连接到飞行器的电网以用于对其自身进行电力供应并为致动器供电，并且连接到飞行器的驾驶舱以从该驾驶舱接收用于展开或缩回飞行控制表面的命令。
在该示例中，运动传递元件是枢转地安装在主体1中并经由运动传递组件(未示出)连接到飞行控制表面的轴3。例如，运动传递组件包减速装置和/或运动转换装置，诸如螺杆-螺母组件，并且具有可旋转地连接到轴3的入口元件和例如连接到杆件的自由端的出口元件，杆件的自由端连接到飞行控制表面。轴3通过轴承(未示出)相对于主体1被旋转地引导，并且轴3经由单向传递构件(在该示例中具体地为总体标记为4的自由轮)、总体标记为5的扭矩限制器以及总体标记为6的制动装置而连接到主体1。
自由轮4包括固定到轴3的内部部分4.1、枢转地安装在内部部分4.1上的外部部分4.2以及允许外部部分4.2仅沿一个旋转方向转动的棘轮组件。
扭矩限制器5是具有辊的机械扭矩限制器，该机械扭矩限制器包括内套管5.1和外套管5.2。内套管5.1紧固到自由轮4的外部部分4.2，并且外套管5.2连接成与制动装置6的内环6.1一起旋转。
在该示例中，内套管5.1呈以轴3的旋转轴线A为中心的管的形式。
外套管5.2也呈以轴线A为中心的管的形式：外套管5.2围绕内套管5.1，并且可枢转地接收在固定到主体1的轴承中。外套管5.2的外表面是有凹槽的，以在轴向滑动中接纳内环6.1。
扭矩限制器5还包括间设于内套管5.1和外套管5.2之间的辊5.3，每个辊5.3适于沿外套管5.2的内表面移动，并且被接纳在沿所述内表面的周缘形成的壳体5.4中的一个内。
扭矩限制器5还包括弹簧5.5，每个弹簧5.5以这样的方式与辊5.3中的一个相关联，即在所述辊5.3上施加恒定力，以便将辊5.3压靠在外套管5.2的内表面上。
在该示例中，弹簧5.5以在内套管5.1和外套管5.2之间径向延伸(即垂直于轴3的旋转轴线A延伸)的方式布置，每个弹簧5.5的第一端固定到内套管5.1，并且第二端连接到辊5.3中的一个，以便将所述辊5.3压靠在外套管5.2的内表面上。
由弹簧5.5施加在辊5.3上的径向力限定最大可传递扭矩，即可以从内套管5.1传递到外套管5.2的最大扭矩：只要不超过该最大可传递扭矩，弹簧5.5使辊5.3在壳体5.4中保持在位，并且套管5.1和5.2保持彼此固定；一旦超过最大可传递扭矩，弹簧5.5以这样的方式被压缩，即允许辊5.3离开壳体5.4并且允许两个套管在彼此之间的相对移动，这通过辊5.3在外套管5.2的内表面上的移动而实现。
除了可移动环6.1之外，制动装置6具有刚性地紧固到主体1的外环6.2(更确切地说，外环6.2在该示例中是主体1的一部分)以及以轴向间隙紧固到主体1的外环6.3。内环6.1以轴向间隙紧固到外套管5.2(更确切地说，内环6.1接合在外套管5.2的外表面中)，并且具有带有如下各面的部分，所述各面分别均设置有摩擦衬片并且在由外环6.2和6.3承载的摩擦衬片之间延伸。弹簧6.4在主体1和外环6.3之间延伸，以将内环6.1夹紧在外环6.3和6.2之间。制动装置6还具有呈螺线管形式的电激活构件6.5，该电激活构件6.5的尺寸经设定使得当其被供电时，其吸引外环6.3并克服由弹簧6.4施加的力将该外环6.3移动远离内环6.1。
在操作中，当激活构件6.5被供电时，轴3可以在两个旋转方向上枢转(应当观察到，在由自由轮4经过的方向上，马达2向内环6.1和扭矩限制器5递送很少的驱动力或不递送驱动力)，并且当激活构件6.5未被供电时，自由轮4在两个旋转方向中的一个方向上抵抗轴3的旋转。因此，当激活构件6.5被供电时，也被供电的电动马达2驱动轴3在其旋转方向的任一个方向上转动。
当激活构件6.5未被供电时，电动马达2同样不被供电，使得仅作用在飞行控制表面上的空气动力可以使轴3枢转。由于自由轮4抵抗轴3沿两个旋转方向中的一个方向的转动，轴3防止飞行控制表面远离其中立位置朝向其展开位置移动，而飞行控制表面朝向其中立位置自由运动。然而，如果作用在飞行控制表面上的空气动力在轴3上施加的扭矩大于可在扭矩限制器5的套管5.1和5.2之间传递的最大扭矩，则内套管5.1将相对于外套管5.2枢转，从而允许轴3转动并允许飞行控制表面朝其展开位置移动。结果，当激活构件未被供电时，扭矩限制器5限制可以传递到飞行器结构并且经由轴3、自由轮4和制动装置6传递到主体1的扭矩。
自然地，本发明不限于所描述的实施例，而是涵盖落入由权利要求限定的本发明的范围内的任何变型。
具体地，具有辊的机械扭矩限制器可以安装在单向传递构件的下游，或者安装在制动装置和主体之间。
具有辊的机械扭矩限制器可以具有与所描述的不同的布置。具体地，尽管在该示例中弹簧在内套管和外套管之间径向延伸，但是扭矩限制器可以以这样的方式成形，即弹簧在两个套管之间轴向延伸(即，它们沿着轴线A延伸)。
单向传递构件可以利用棘爪、辊或阻塞元件。

Claims (6)

1.一种机电致动器，其包括：主体(1)；电动马达(2)，其具有紧固到所述主体的定子；以及至少一个运动传递元件(3)，其可旋转地连接到所述马达的转子，所述元件经由单向传递构件(4)和制动装置(6)连接到固定的主体，所述致动器的特征在于，所述致动器包括具有辊的机械扭矩限制器(5)，并且所述制动装置包括电激活构件(6.5)，使得当所述激活构件被供电时，所述单向传递构件相对于所述主体被释放，并且当所述激活构件未被供电时，所述单向传递构件固定到所述主体，并且抵抗所述传递元件在一个旋转方向上的枢转直到由具有辊的所述机械扭矩限制器限定的最大可传递扭矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的致动器，其中，所述具有辊的机械扭矩限制器(5)安装在所述主体(1)和所述单向传递构件(4)之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的致动器，其中，所述具有辊的机械扭矩限制器(5)安装在所述制动装置(6)和所述单向传递构件(4)之间。
4.根据权利要求3所述的致动器，其中，所述具有辊的机械扭矩限制器(5)包括：内套管(5.1)，其连接成与所述单向传递构件的第一部分(4.2)一起旋转；外套管(5.2)，其连接成与所述制动装置的第一部分(6.1)一起旋转；以及辊(5.3)，其间设于所述内套管和所述外套管之间，所述扭矩限制器还包括弹簧(5.5)，所述弹簧在所述各种辊上施加恒定力，以暂时固定所述内套管和所述外套管，只要还没有超过所述最大可传递转矩。
5.根据权利要求4所述的致动器，其中，所述弹簧(5.5)以在所述内套管(5.1)和所述外套管(5.2)之间径向延伸的方式布置，每个弹簧(5.5)的第一端固定到所述内套管，并且每个弹簧的第二端用于将辊(5.3)压靠在所述外套管的内表面上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的致动器，其中，所述单向传递构件(4)是自由轮。
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