CN106652565A - Method for calculating ship navigable areas by use of hydrodynamic model - Google Patents
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for calculating ship navigable areas by use of a hydrodynamic model. The method comprises the following steps: step 100, inputting ship parameters comprising a ship length, a ship width, a ship height and draught; step200, obtaining the following data: (1), ship data including latitudes and longitudes, a speed and a course angle; (2), navigation channel data including navigation channel landform data and natural object data; and (3), water flow data including a water depth, a flow velocity and a flow direction; step 300, calculating minimum navigable parameter thresholds including a minimum navigation channel water depth, a minimum navigation channel width, a minimum navigation channel radius of curvature, a minimum clear height value and a minimum clear span value; and step 400, determining the navigable areas, i.e., marking areas whose parameters are greater than or equal to the minimum navigable parameter thresholds in a channel as the ship navigable areas. According to the invention, through determining the navigable areas, the areas suitable for ship navigation under current water flow conditions can be controlled, the method helps a ship to determine whether the ship navigates in the navigable areas, and thus the probability of ship accidents is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for determining seaworthiness region, is based especially on real time data and determines seaworthiness area
The method in domain.
Background technology
Shipping, as national strategy basic industry, is the important component part of the comprehensive system of transport, is also to realize economy
The grand strategy resource of social sustainable development.And navigation channel digitized is the important component part of shipping information theory and develops
Gesture, plays the role of very important to the safety of inland water transport and high-efficiency management.
Natural river course refers to the natural river that can carry out water transportation, and inland waterways refers to natural river course, canal, lake
The general designation of pool, reservoir etc..In water channel, with certain depth, width, Clearance dimension, bending radius, and ship can be given
The waters for providing a safe navigation environment is referred to as navigation channel.Standard is different, and the classification in navigation channel is also different, according to the pipe in navigation channel
Reason attribute can be divided into National Channel, Regional Channel and special purpose channel；Natural navigable waterway, people can be divided into according to navigation channel Crack cause
Work navigation channel and canalized waterway；Region can be divided into cruiseway and coastal waterway according to residing for navigation channel；According to residing leg feature
Bridge approach, Gang Qu navigation channels, Ba Qu navigation channels etc. can be divided into.
The Navigation capacity research in navigation channel and safe, unimpeded and shipping management department the construction in navigation channel, maintenance, development boat
The planning in road is closely bound up, but the definition ununified so far of Navigation in Navigable ability, universally recognized mainly to have two kinds, Yi Zhongshi
Consider from macroscopic aspect, control on section by the navigation channel in navigation channel dry season in navigation channel during Navigation in Navigable ability is defined as 1 year
The maximum quantity of the two-way goods for passing through of condition or ship, it is another generally to pass through the ships quantity in navigation channel year as unit of account
Planting is considered from microcosmic point, that is, refer under specific Navigation in Navigable environment, ship (team) the minimum dimensions of the channel to be passed through, with
Threshold value of the dimensions of the channel as safe navigation, it is ensured that ship (team) can correctly be travelled in safe navigable area.
The more thorough macroscopical Navigation in Navigable ability of research is compared, from microcosmic point the Navigation capacity in navigation channel is considered, it is determined that
Seaworthiness region, then seem more urgently with it is careful, be also asking of being more concerned about of navigation channel relevant departments, shipping company and shipowner
Topic.
The content of the invention
To solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method for determining seaworthiness region, especially
It is the method for determining seaworthiness region based on real time data determined by technical scheme below.
1st, in a kind of determination navigation channel seaworthiness region method,
Step 100, is input into ship parameter, and ship parameter mainly includes captain, the beam, height and drinking water；
Input ship parameter can have two ways；A kind of is the ship for selecting to have put on record from data base, can be from number
Ship is needed according to selecting one in storehouse, parameter information (captain, height, the beam and drinking water) automatic input of the ship after choosing
In system ship parameter column；Another kind is the ship information for lacking in data base, and ship parameter input is carried out manually, is input into
Information mainly include captain, the beam, height and drinking water；
Step 200, obtains (1) ships data, including：Longitude and latitude, the speed of a ship or plane, course angle；(2) navigation channel data, including：Boat
Road terrain data and atural object data；(3) water flow data, including：In navigation channel such as the depth of water, flow velocity, flow direction water flow data；
Ships data can obtain real-time positioning information (longitude and latitude, the speed of a ship or plane, course angle) by boat-carrying GPS；
Navigation channel data, including：Navigation channel terrain data and atural object data, atural object includes atural object outside atural object in navigation channel and navigation channel,
Atural object includes aid to navigation (buoy, shore beacon, light boat, beacon etc.) and across navigation channel building (bridge, cableway etc.) in navigation channel, outside navigation channel
Atural object includes in kind along ground such as navigation channel building, house, park, flowers and plants；The ship's fix information for obtaining can be passed through from prestoring
With the on-site navigation channel data of ship are transferred in the navigation channel data base in server；
Water flow data can be simulated to Navigation in Navigable flow condition based on two-dimentional Hydrodynamic Model and be obtained, or
The Hydrologic Information issued by public network is obtained；
Step 300, calculates Minimum Navigable parameter threshold, including minimum fairway depth, minimum channel span, minimum navigation channel song
Rate radius, minimum clear height value and minimum clear span value；
Based on above-mentioned ship parameter, water flow data and ships data, can calculate has considerable influence to Fairway navigation
Parameter threshold (including water depth value, waterway width value, clear height clear span value, radius of channel curvature)；
Step 400, determines navigable area, by the zone marker in navigation channel more than or equal to the Minimum Navigable parameter threshold
For seaworthiness region.
2nd, according to the method in seaworthiness region in the determination navigation channel of technical scheme 1, the wherein minimum navigation channel water of step 300
It is deep to be calculated by following formula：
H=t+ Δ H
In formula：
H represents fairway depth (m)；
T is drauht (m)；
△ H represent navigation channel underkell clearance (m).
Wherein, navigation channel underkell clearance refer to vessel keel plate outer rim minimum point between corresponding riverbed bottom it is vertical away from
From its effect is exactly to allow hull bottom and river bed to keep certain safe distance, it is to avoid the accident such as occurs bottoming out in ship.
The calculating of underkell clearance value needs the factor for considering to have a lot, such as:
(1) in navigation, due to itself load-carrying and pressure differential, ship will produce a certain amount of sinking to ship, under this
The heavy depth of water generally accounts for more than 2/3rds of whole underkell clearance value, and more common has Huuska formula, Eryuzlu formula
With Ankudinov formula, different formula has different use ranges, according to ship model features, navigation channel feature and should open the navigation or air flight close
The factors such as degree are selected, and with reference to the computational methods of above-mentioned formula, through practical experience amendment, paper is with following ships in spaciousness
It is analyzed as a example by deflection ((Δ S)) estimation equation in shallow water area：
In formula：
Δ S represents that ship deflection, i.e. ship move draft amount (m)；
BsFor ship local width；
L is ship its length；
CbFor ship Block Coefficient (relevant with ship's speed)；
Us(U is taken when ship is up for ship's speeds=Vs-Uc, U is taken when descendings=Vs+Uc)。
(2) ship needs to consider angle of rake safe and reserved a part of water depth value that one can make ship in navigation
Manipulation it is more flexible, two avoid bottoming out damage can ensure that angle of rake safety；Generally, to angle of rake during ship's navigation
The influential depth of water drinking water of safety has the water of fairly obvious impact than being H/t≤2.5 on angle of rake safety during ship's navigation
Deep drinking water is than being H/t≤1.5[59].Rule of thumb, after considering that hull fixes deflection, keep the hull bottom of 0.5～1.0m pre-
Ensure the safe operation of marine propeller by staying the depth of water.
(3) due to the impact of the nature meteorological reason such as wave, generally it is also required to reserved certain depth of water.
3rd, according to the method in seaworthiness region in the determination navigation channel of technical scheme 1, the wherein minimum navigation channel width of step 300
Degree is calculated by following formula：
In straight leg,
The minimum channel span of single line is：B=Bf+2D+ΔB1,
The minimum channel span of two-wire is：B=Bf1+D1+ΔB11+Bf2+D2+ΔB12
In bending leg,
The minimum channel span of single line is：B=Bf+2D+ΔB1+ΔB2
The minimum channel span of two-wire is：B=Bf1+D1+ΔB11+ΔB21+Bf2+D2+ΔB12+ΔB22
Wherein,
1) the width B of ship track bandfIt is relevant with yaw angle when ship local width, length and navigation, can be with root
Calculate according to following formula：
Bf=Bs+Lsin∝
In formula：∝ is yaw angle of the ship in navigation, and the usual yaw angle in three-level navigation channel takes 3 °；
2) navigation channel is reserved affluence width D and is referred on the premise of ensureing that ship can be with safe navigation, does not produce bank suction, mutually suction
Phenomenon required for minimum affluence width, so-called bank suctions be the current between ship and riverbank have promotion bow offshore and attraction
The trend phenomenon that stern pulls in shore, and because ship both sides have flow velocity and water-head when mutually inhaling that i.e. two ships cross, so as to be formed
Pressure differential and the mutual suction phenomenon that produces, affecting the factor of channel safe affluence width D has a lot, such as ship type, navigate by water mode, water
Stream flow velocity, fluidised form etc., generally can calculate in the following manner：
Safety affluence width (D between ship and riverbanka)：
Da=(0.3-0.4) Bf
Safety affluence width (D between shipb)：
Db=0.5Bf
The reserved affluence width (D) in navigation channel：
D=Da+Db
3) current cause ship offset Δ B1Value can be calculated by following formula：
ΔB1=S (Ucsinβ+Ussinα)/Uccosβ+Uscosβ
In formula：
S is the distance that ship is navigated by water along middle of fairway (ship is up to take S=2.5L, descending to take S=3.0L)；
β is the angle of current, and three-level navigation channel is typically passed to angle less than 5 °；
UcFor flow rate of water flow；
VsFor the speed of a ship or plane；
4) bend leg and widen increment Delta B2, work as R>During 6L, Δ B2It is negligible；Work as 3L<R<During 6L, can be according to water
The concrete conditions such as stream condition analyse whether that needs are widened；Work as R<During 3L, waterway width increment can be calculated as follows：
ΔB2=L2/2R+B
In formula：
ΔB2Widen increment to bend leg；
R is bending leg radius of channel curvature；
B is straightway navigation channel standard waterway width.
4th, according to the method in seaworthiness region in the determination navigation channel of technical scheme 1, the minimum navigation channel of wherein step 300 is bent
Rate radius R is calculated by following formula：
R=KL (1+sin β) (aUc/Vs)(Bs/B)(1/S)
In formula：
K is coefficient of efficiency, and cruiseway generally takes 0.038～0.041；
A is the coefficient relevant with flow velocity；
S is the area of rudder.
5th, according to the method in seaworthiness region in the determination navigation channel of technical scheme 1, the wherein minimum clear height value of step 300
HmIt is calculated by following formula：
Hm=Hg+d
In formula：
HgRepresent in highest Navigation in Navigable water level, the height of ship water surface above section in the case of zero load；
D represents the rich height of reserved safety, and the generally value takes d=1.0～1.5m, takes in plains region in mountain area area
D=0.5～0.8m.
6th, according to the method in seaworthiness region in the determination navigation channel of technical scheme 1, the wherein minimum clear span value of step 300
BmIt is calculated by following formula：
In straight leg,
The minimum channel span of single line is：Bm=Bf+2D+ΔB1,
The minimum channel span of two-wire is：Bm=Bf1+D1+ΔB11+Bf2+D2+ΔB12
In bending leg,
The minimum channel span of single line is：Bm=Bf+2D+ΔB1+ΔB2
The minimum channel span of two-wire is：Bm=Bf1+D1+ΔB11+ΔB21+Bf2+D2+ΔB12+ΔB22,
Wherein,
1) the width B of ship track bandfIt is relevant with yaw angle when ship local width, length and navigation, can be with root
Calculate according to following formula：
Bf=Bs+Lsin∝
In formula：∝ is yaw angle of the ship in navigation, and the usual yaw angle in three-level navigation channel takes 3 °；
2) the reserved affluence width D in navigation channel can be calculated in the following manner：
Safety affluence width (D between ship and riverbanka)：
Da=(0.3～0.4) Bf
Safety affluence width (D between shipb)：
Db=0.5Bf
The reserved affluence width (D) in navigation channel：
D=Da+Db
3) current cause ship offset Δ B1Value can be calculated by following formula：
ΔB1=S (Ucsinβ+Ussinα)/Uccosβ+Uscosβ
In formula：
S is the distance that ship is navigated by water along middle of fairway (ship is up to take S=2.5L, descending to take S=3.0L)；
β is the angle of current, and three-level navigation channel is typically passed to angle less than 5 °；
UcFor flow rate of water flow；
VsFor the speed of a ship or plane；
4) bend leg and widen increment Delta B2, work as R>During 6L, Δ B2It is negligible；Work as 3L<R<During 6L, can be according to water
The concrete conditions such as stream condition analyse whether that needs are widened；Work as R<During 3L, waterway width increment can be calculated as follows：
ΔB2=L2/2R+B
In formula：
ΔB2Widen increment to bend leg；
R is bending leg radius of channel curvature；
B is straightway navigation channel standard waterway width.
By determining navigable area, the region for being adapted to the ship navigation under current flow condition can be controlled, help ship true
Whether fixed to navigate by water in navigable area, if to crash, the danger such as stranded, system is by sounding the alarm and danger signal are reminded
Ship operation personnel, adjust in time course and take reasonable effective measures to reduce dangerous odds, so as to reduce ship
Accident odds, and then realize the function of ship early warning.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, to this
Technical scheme in bright embodiment is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is that a part of the invention is implemented
Example, rather than the embodiment of whole.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creativeness
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of work, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Jiangjin to Chongqing leg is under the jurisdiction of Yangtze River shipping upstream leg, about 78 kilometers of total length, positioned at 106 ° of 13' of east longitude extremely
106 ° of 41', 29 ° of 12' to 29 ° of 46' of north latitude, bank include Jiangjin District, Banan District, Dadukou District, Jiulongpo District, Nan'an District with
Yu Zhong district.The leg belongs to Chuanjiang River nature section, and navigation channel is narrower and bending is changeable, and beach is nearly more, and curved, anxious, shallow, danger is simultaneously deposited, river
Road average gradient is about 0.18 ‰, and mean flow rate is in more than 2m/s, dimensions of the channel (minimum boat depth × waterway width × bending radius)
2.5m × 50m × 450m, maximum can open the navigation or air flight 800 to 1000 tonnes of ships, and dry season navigation channel minimum safeguards the depth of water up to 2.7m, flood
The phase channel maintenance depth of water reaches 3.0m, is III grade of navigation channel standard.Main ship type is integrated barge, push boat, commonly refute, freighter, passenger boat, energy
Enough 1000 tonnes of ships whole years of satisfaction open the navigation or air flight round the clock.The specific navigation condition in the leg is as follows：
(1) leg navigable waters are restricted.Survey region belongs to the Changjiang river three-level navigation channel, due to by the cruiseway depth of water, width
The impact of the factors such as dimensions of the channel and seasonality such as degree, is available for the ship waters that especially large-scale motor-driven safety of ship is opened the navigation or air flight to have
Limit, leg is rich, dry season dimensions of the channel obvious difference, can the waters scope of ship sailing have very big difference.In research area
In domain, channel span is most wide up to thousands of rice, and most narrow place only has hundred meters or so, fairway depth bosom up to tens of rice, and
Most shallow place only has 2～3 meters.
(2) leg is numerous along (across) river building, and ship navigation is limited.Leg belongs to Upper Yangtze River Chongqing to Jiangjin section, entirely
It is about 78 kilometers, riverine existing more than 10 seat river-spanning bridges, including ChaoTianMen Bridge, the Giant Buddha Temple Yangtze Bridge, Egongyan bridge, river
Tianjin Yangtze Bridge, Caiyuanba Bridge etc., averagely every just there is a bridge less than 10 kilometers, bridge quantity is big, and density is high, to ship
Oceangoing ship navigation will produce considerable influence.In addition leg is riverine many large-scale inland harbours and abundant aid to navigation, including
PORT OF CHONGQING harbour, Lee family's a small bay in a river harbour, imperial harbour and various beacon, buoy and ship mark etc., although Ministry of Communications is to along (across) river
The navigation addressing demonstration of building has done many hard requirements, but due to planning, designing improper edge (across) Jiang Jianzhu for causing
The accident of the impact that thing is produced safely to ship navigation also happens occasionally.
(3) leg curved reach is more, wriggles changeable, by the phase between the Scour and Accretion and current and riverbed of silt
Under the influence of interaction, such as middle bar, shoal, husky sound of a bird chirping obstruction are easily formed, be there is on the section major trunk roads of Chongqing to Jiangjin
Big and small dozens of middle bar and shoal, to shipping safety considerable influence is generated.
(4) leg belongs to the Changjiang river three-level navigation channel, Ship's Dimension, the tonnage of Fairway navigation less, modernize with it is specialized
Degree is not universal high, and Internal Shipping Management is still left to be desired.
Ship (team) is navigated by water on navigation channel, is affected the factor of its Navigation capacity and navigation safety and is had a many, such as waterway classification,
Navigation channel environment, meteorological condition, navigation mode, anthropic factor etc., navigable flow discrimination standard is in different countries, different sections
The different phase developed with leg and marine technology has corresponding navigational capacity discrimination standard.Due to navigating by water bar
Part is the comprehensive effect produced by various key element collective effects such as flow-shape, flow velocity, wave, water surface gradient, it is difficult to rigid system
One regulation.Mainly inquire into the factor of inland navigation craft navigation impact with the content of four aspects herein, be respectively fairway depth, boat
Road width, radius of channel curvature, bridge zone leg structure crossing over river.
1st, impact of the fairway depth to ship navigation
It is also the principal element for affecting ship navigation ability that fairway depth is the primary condition of guarantee marine operation safety.Institute
Meaning fairway depth refers to the vertical dimension from navigation channel waterline to riverbed bottom, is also to navigate under the conditions of lowest design navigable water level
Minimum depth in road width range on shoal.Its value can be represented by the following formula：
H=t+ Δ H (1)
In formula：
H represents fairway depth (m)；
T is drauht (m)；
△ H represent navigation channel underkell clearance (m).
Wherein, navigation channel underkell clearance refer to vessel keel plate outer rim minimum point between corresponding riverbed bottom it is vertical away from
From its effect is exactly to allow hull bottom and river bed to keep certain safe distance, it is to avoid the accident such as occurs bottoming out in ship.Underkell clearance value
Calculating need consider factor have a lot, such as:
(1) in navigation, due to itself load-carrying and pressure differential, ship will produce a certain amount of sinking to ship, under this
The heavy depth of water generally accounts for more than 2/3rds of whole underkell clearance value, and more common has Huuska formula, Eryuzlu formula
With Ankudinov formula, different formula has different use ranges, according to ship model features, navigation channel feature and should open the navigation or air flight close
The factors such as degree are selected, and with reference to the computational methods of above-mentioned formula, through practical experience amendment, paper is with following ships in spaciousness
It is analyzed as a example by deflection ((Δ S)) estimation equation in shallow water area：
In formula：
Δ S represents that ship deflection, i.e. ship move draft amount (m)；
BsFor ship local width；
L is ship its length；
CbFor ship Block Coefficient (relevant with ship's speed)；
Us(U is taken when ship is up for ship's speeds=Vs-Uc, U is taken when descendings=Vs+Uc)。
(2) ship needs to consider angle of rake safe and reserved a part of water depth value that one can make ship in navigation
Manipulation it is more flexible, two avoid bottoming out damage can ensure that angle of rake safety；Generally, to angle of rake during ship's navigation
The influential depth of water drinking water of safety has the depth of water of fairly obvious impact than being H/t≤2.5 on angle of rake safety during ship's navigation
Drinking water is than being H/t≤1.5.Rule of thumb, after considering that hull fixes deflection, the hull bottom reserved water of 0.5～1.0m is kept
The deep safe operation that can ensure marine propeller.
(3) due to the impact of the nature meteorological reason such as wave, generally it is also required to reserved certain depth of water.
The method that the value of each factor has many calculating, some of which computational solution precision is higher, but to data source
Precision is also very high with prescription, and various computing formula are extremely limited with the scope of application of empirical equation, it is difficult to carry out very
Accurate quantification is calculated.The main angle from application goes analysis, analyzes according to Chang Jing Sea-route Office and relevant departments, and the Changjiang river is main
Generally between 1.2～1.3, i.e. H/t=1.2～1.3 can be obtained by formula for depth of water H in navigation channel and the ratio of drauht t
Go out, underkell clearance △ H=(0.2～0.3) t, in this, as this paper survey regions the calculating reference of fairway depth threshold value, weight are designed
Celebrate to Jiangjin section be three-level navigation channel, drauht foundation《Inland navigation standard》, it can be deduced that the leg fairway depth and affluence
The design reference value of the depth of water, it is as shown in the table：
Table 1：III level navigation channel fairway depth related parameter values
2nd, impact of the channel span to ship navigation
Channel span is closely bound up with the cruiseway economic benefits of transportation efficiency, directly influence the Navigation capacity of cruiseway with
The safety of ship's navigation, and impact of the channel span to ship navigation ability has perhaps many factors, such as ship is in navigation
Itself need certain track-width and by current and the external force of stormy waves etc. affected to produce it is certain offset, navigating in addition
It is also possible to occur situations such as bank is inhaled and mutually inhaled in capable process and is bending impact of the leg radius of curvature to channel span
Etc., rely on《Cruiseway standard》Relevant regulations and binding region practical situation, discuss point from the following aspects
Analysis：
(1) ship track bandwidth
Width (the B of ship track bandf) relevant with yaw angle when ship local width, length and navigation[48], can be with
Calculated according to following formula：
Bf=Bs+Lsin∝ (3)
In formula：
∝ is yaw angle of the ship in navigation, and the usual yaw angle in three-level navigation channel takes 3 °.
(2) the reserved affluence width in navigation channel
The reserved affluence width (D) in navigation channel refers on the premise of ensureing that ship can be with safe navigation, does not produce bank and inhale, mutually inhale
Phenomenon required for minimum affluence width, so-called bank suctions be the current between ship and riverbank have promotion bow offshore and attraction
The trend phenomenon that stern pulls in shore, and because ship both sides have flow velocity and water-head when mutually inhaling that i.e. two ships cross, so as to be formed
Pressure differential and the mutual suction phenomenon that produces.Affecting the factor of channel safe affluence width has a lot, such as ship type, navigation mode, water
Stream flow velocity, fluidised form etc., generally can calculate in the following manner：
Safety affluence width (D between ship and riverbanka)：
Da=(0.3～0.4) Bf (4)
Safety affluence width (D between shipb)：
Db=0.5Bf (5)
The reserved affluence width (D) in navigation channel：
D=Da+Db (6)
(3) current cause ship side-play amount
Ship is in navigation due to being produced offseting perpendicular to navigation direction, inland river boat by current and the effect of stormy waves etc.
Road is generally less by Lidar Equation, and its value can be ignored, therefore the main value for considering current cause ship side-play amount.Its value can lead to
Cross following formula to be calculated：
ΔB1=S (Ucsinβ+Ussinα)/Uccosβ+Uscosβ (7)
In formula：
S is the distance that ship is navigated by water along middle of fairway (ship is up to take S=2.5L, descending to take S=3.0L)；
β is the angle of current, and three-level navigation channel is typically passed to angle less than 5 °；
UcFor flow rate of water flow；
VsFor the speed of a ship or plane；
(4) bend leg and widen increment
In bending leg, the motion conditions of ship are more complicated, and ship will navigate according to the adjustment of the bending situation moment in navigation channel
To easement navigation, also not stall around itself center dynamic, to avoid and riverbank or carry out ship and bump against, or enter near bank
The side depth of water lower ground just occurs stranded.Therefore, ship, will compared to straight leg waterway width during bending leg is navigated by water
Increased, its value is by factor shadows such as boat length, radius of channel curvature, flow rate of water flow, fluidised form, wind speed and ship performances
Ring[61].Generally, R is worked as>During 6L, waterway width increment Delta B2It is negligible；Work as 3L<R<During 6L, can be concrete according to flow condition etc.
Whether situation analysis needs is widened；Work as R<During 3L, waterway width increment can be calculated as follows：
ΔB2=L2/2R+B (8)
In formula：
ΔB2Widen increment to bend leg；
R is bending leg radius of channel curvature；
B is straightway navigation channel standard waterway width.
In sum, channel span computational methods can be represented with following formula needed for ship's navigation：
In straight leg
Single line：B=Bf+2D+ΔB1 (9)
Two-wire：B=Bf1+D1+ΔB11+Bf2+D2+ΔB12 (10)
In bending leg
Single line：B=Bf+2D+ΔB1+ΔB2 (11)
Two-wire：Bm=Bf1+D1+ΔB11+ΔB21+Bf2+D2+ΔB12+ΔB22 (12)
3rd, impact of the radius of channel curvature to ship navigation
Radius of channel curvature is navigation channel radius, bending radius, is referred at bend, circle half that middle of fairway is located
The length in footpath.Generally at curved reach, it is often accompanied by carrying on the back the abnormal current such as brain water, bend-rushing current, oblique flow and backflow, fairway depth
Skewness, the concave bank side depth of water is bigger than the convex bank side depth of water, often there is the drifts such as sandspit, husky foot at convex bank, and what is had is latent
Under FUSHUI and extend to korneforos, up ship coasting navigation is susceptible to inhale shallow, in addition, turn can not be too anxious in navigation channel, curvature half
Footpath can not be too small, in order to avoid touch bank or the accident such as stranded in knee.Therefore, the feelings of safety are capable of in guarantee ship
Under condition, analysis navigation channel minimum profile curvature radius seem particularly significant.But, affecting the factor of radius of channel curvature has many, navigation channel
The calculating process of radius of curvature is more complicated, except by boat length (being directly proportional) affect in addition to, also with course angle, the angle of current,
The factors such as the beam, the speed of a ship or plane, flow velocity, fluidised form and the area of rudder are relevant, can be represented with following formula：
R=KL (1+sin β) (aUc/Vs)(Bs/B)(1/S) (13)
In formula：
K is coefficient of efficiency, and cruiseway generally takes 0.038～0.041；
A is the coefficient relevant with flow velocity；
S is the area of rudder；
The minimum radius of channel curvature that the ship type that can calculate a certain Ship's Dimension by said method can pass through.
Certainly, in the case of requiring not being very high to result of calculation, navigation channel can be measured out on navigation channel chart by the method for geometry
Radius of curvature, after the radius of channel curvature of a certain bending leg is known, it is possible to know that the bending leg to be passed through most
Big Ship's Dimension Lmax, it is convenience of calculation, rule of thumb LmaxFormula can be usedTo determine.
4th, impact of the bridge zone leg structure crossing over river to ship navigation
On the leg of the Changjiang river, with fast development and the comprehensive development and utilization in river of traffic, occur in that on leg more next
More structure crossing over river, such as bridge, excessively aqueduct, river cable and river cableway excessively.The safety current in order to ensure ship, makes ship
Oceangoing ship can pass through these structure crossing over river, especially can safely and smoothly pass through in high water level period, it is necessary to make these
There is certain safe navigation space, i.e., with enough Clearance dimensions under building.
Clearance dimension includes clear span (Bm) and clear height (Hm) two parts.Clear span refers to bridge or other structure crossing over river
Two piers between horizontal minimum range between inner surface, generally calculate according to the waterway width of single file ship necessary requirement, be not required to
Consider the situation that two ships cross, however it is necessary that reserving certain rich width guarantees the safety of ship's navigation, i.e., in straight boat
Road is calculated according to formula (9) and formula (10), in meandering channel according to formula (11) with formula (12) calculating.
Clear height refers to Designed Highest Navigable Stage to the vertical minimum range of the lower edge of structure crossing over river, mainly receives water surface ripple
The impact of wave fluctuating, water level height change etc., therefore need reserved certain rich width to avoid below structure crossing over river
Ship bumps against in navigation with structure crossing over river lower edge, ensures the safety of ship's navigation.Generally can be represented with formula (14)：
Hm=Hg+d (14)
In formula：
HgRepresent in highest Navigation in Navigable water level, the height of ship water surface above section in the case of zero load；
D represents the rich height of reserved safety, and the generally value takes d=1.0～1.5m, takes in plains region in mountain area area
D=0.5～0.8m.
《Inland navigation standard》It is as shown in the table for structure crossing over river navigation technology have also been made corresponding specification,
Can carry out referring to and contrast during calculating：
Table 4-3 III levels navigation channel structure crossing over river navigation technology standard
Based on above-mentioned analysis, the relation of dimensions of the channel and Navigation capacity is studied, inland river can be set up with reference to actual demand and led to
Boat ability decision model, judges whether ship can pass through a certain leg.In actual applications, the parameter being related to due to model is very
It is many, the calculating for carrying out large amount of complex is needed, Navigation capacity analysis aid decision is designed and developed based on above-mentioned principle and method
Module, improves the ageing and practicality of safety of ship early warning.
The system, using SQLite as system database, is tied based on OO Measurement index C++
Closing Qt carries out system interface design.When Navigation capacity analysis is carried out, can pass through to choose the target ship in data base, utilize
GPS obtains in real time the information such as position, ship's speed, the course angle of the ship, is counted with reference to the real-time streamflow regime of the ship position
Calculate, analysis is drawn by the minimum dimensions of the channel needed for the ship, in this, as the threshold value of channel safe navigation, auxiliary ship station behaviour
Author carries out marine operation safety anticipation, and as the data basis of Subsequent secure early warning analysis platform, auxiliary security is pre-
The application of alarm system, concrete operations flow process is as follows：
(1) direction of ship's navigation is selected, different navigation direction is to ship navigation ability (such as ship track bandwidth
Deng) have a certain impact, when ship up (retrograde), need to ensure ship speed more than flow velocity, and it is descending (suitable to work as ship
When OK), the up early warning range for needing at least to expand two kilometers is compared, to guarantee that ship can in time be carried out in span of control
Adjustment；
(2) ship is selected, selects ship to have two ways, a kind of is the ship for selecting to have put on record from data base,
" selection ship " button is clicked on, one can be selected to need ship from data base, the parameter information (ship of the ship after choosing
Length, height, the beam and drinking water) in automatic input system ship parameter column；Another kind is the ship letter for lacking in data base
Breath, carries out manually ship parameter input, and the information of input mainly includes captain, the beam, height and drinking water；
(3) Real time data acquisition.Gps satellite is continual to be sent out ephemeris information and temporal information, and ship terminal connects
Receive these information and through calculating, three-dimensional coordinate, the speed of a ship or plane and the course of ship can be obtained, Shipborne terminal passes through GPS receiver
Machine obtains real-time positioning information (longitude and latitude, the speed of a ship or plane, course angle), and information is sent and stored to network data base.Work as monitoring
Hold when network data base transmission request, data base just can return the real-time positioning information that choose ship to monitoring client.Then,
According to the positional information (longitude and latitude) for obtaining, node is found in the grid data of numerical value flow field, if the positional information does not have node,
The nodal information as current location from the nearest nodal information of current location information is then found, the process implementations are as follows：
The grid file and flow velocity file in flow field are read in first, are obtained the positional information of each node in flow field and are believed with flow velocity
Breath.Positional information includes x, and y, flow rate information includes u, v, h.Wherein x represents the longitude of node, and y represents the latitude of node, u tables
Show that, along latitudinal flow velocity, v represents the flow velocity along longitudinal, h represents the depth of water.Secondly, according to the vessel position meter for obtaining
The distance of ship and each node is calculated, flow rate of water flow u, the v of nearest node is taken, as the flow rate of water flow u of the ship present position,
v.So flow rate information (U of the ship positionc) then can be calculated by following formula (15)：
And the angle of current (β) is then the angle between the flow direction and middle of fairway of ship position node, since then,
The flow condition (flow velocity, the angle of current) for choosing ship present position can be obtained；
(4) current Hydrologic Information is obtained, according to vessel position, the Hydrologic Information (water of current location is obtained from data base
Position, flow etc.), Hydrologic Information be in continuous renewal, even therefore different time period same positions, Hydrologic Information also can
Difference, the renewal frequency of Hydrologic Information changes with the renewal frequency of hydrology site information；By taking Cuntan station point as an example, local early warning
System platform Hydrological Data Analysis module to server application hydrographic data, by contacting for local data base and server, can
To obtain the hydrology regimen data message in targeted sites stipulated time section, very little beach hydrology website was 1 day to 2014 January in 2013
On September stores altogether 4557 hydrographic datas during 16, per data comprising temporal information, site information, water level, flow,
The information such as affiliated area and river；
(5) obtain after above-mentioned data, it is possible to carry out ship navigation capability analysis, draw ship institute under the present conditions
The Minimum Navigable yardstick that can pass through, generally includes the depth of water, clear height (across), flow velocity, waterway width and radius of curvature, in this, as follow-up ship
The data basis of oceangoing ship safe early warning.
By above-mentioned Hydrological Data Analysis, first, the hydrology hydrologic regime data that aforesaid way is obtained is newest real time data,
Therefore, it can the Navigation capacity for calculating the navigation channel under the conditions of this day hydrology regimen, as the judgement of navigation channel seaworthiness Division
One of condition, improve navigation channel seaworthiness Division science with it is ageing；Second, being carried out point by the hydrographic data to history
Analysis, it can be deduced that the trend analysiss figure of hydrographic data, with the Hydrology situation gesture to future science forecast is carried out, and reduces navigation channel fortune
Capable risk factor.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, on the premise of without departing from the technology of the present invention principle, can also make and be suitably modified and deform, these improve and deform
Also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. in a kind of determination navigation channel seaworthiness region method, including：
Step 100, is input into ship parameter, and ship parameter includes captain, the beam, height and drinking water；
Step 200, obtains（1）Ships data, including：Longitude and latitude, the speed of a ship or plane, course angle；（2）Navigation channel data, including：Navigation channel landform
Data and atural object data；With（3）Water flow data, including：The depth of water, flow velocity, flow direction；
Step 300, calculates Minimum Navigable parameter threshold, including minimum fairway depth, minimum channel span, minimum on-course curvature half
Footpath, minimum clear height value and minimum clear span value；
Step 400, determines navigable area, is ship by the zone marker in navigation channel more than or equal to the Minimum Navigable parameter threshold
Oceangoing ship navigable area.
2. in determination navigation channel according to claim 1 seaworthiness region method, wherein the minimum fairway depth of step 300 by
Following formula is calculated：
In formula：
H represents fairway depth（m）；
T is drauht（m）；
△ H represent navigation channel underkell clearance（m）.
3. in determination navigation channel according to claim 1 seaworthiness region method, wherein the minimum channel span of step 300 by
Following formula is calculated：
In straight leg,
The minimum channel span of single line is：,
The minimum channel span of two-wire is：
In bending leg,
The minimum channel span of single line is：
The minimum channel span of two-wire is：
Wherein,
1）The width of ship track bandCan be calculated according to following formula：
In formula：For yaw angle of the ship in navigation, the usual yaw angle in three-level navigation channel takes 3 °；
2）The reserved affluence width D in navigation channel can be calculated in the following manner：
Safety affluence width between ship and riverbank（）：
Safety affluence width between ship（）：
The reserved affluence width in navigation channel（）：
3）Current cause ship side-play amountValue can be calculated by following formula：
In formula：
For the distance that ship is navigated by water along middle of fairway（Ship is up to take S=2.5L, descending to take S=3.0L）；
For the angle of current, three-level navigation channel is typically passed to angle less than 5 °；
For flow rate of water flow；
For the speed of a ship or plane；
4）Increment is widened in bending leg, work as R>During 6L,It is negligible；Work as 3L<R<During 6L, can be according to flow condition
Analyse whether that needs are widened etc. concrete condition；Work as R<During 3L, waterway width increment can be calculated as follows：
In formula：
Widen increment to bend leg；
To bend leg radius of channel curvature；
For straightway navigation channel standard waterway width.
4. in determination navigation channel according to claim 1 seaworthiness region method, the wherein minimum on-course curvature of step 300 half
Footpath R is calculated by following formula：
In formula：
K is coefficient of efficiency, and cruiseway generally takes 0.0380.041；
A is the coefficient relevant with flow velocity；
S is the area of rudder.
5. in determination navigation channel according to claim 1 seaworthiness region method, the wherein minimum clear height value of step 300By
Following formula is calculated：
In formula：
Represent in highest Navigation in Navigable water level, the height of ship water surface above section in the case of zero load；
The rich height of reserved safety is represented, the generally value takes in mountain area area, take in plains region。
6. in determination navigation channel according to claim 1 seaworthiness region method, the wherein minimum clear span value of step 300By
Following formula is calculated：
In straight leg,
The minimum channel span of single line is：,
The minimum channel span of two-wire is：
In bending leg,
The minimum channel span of single line is：
The minimum channel span of two-wire is：,
Wherein,
1）The width of ship track bandCan be calculated according to following formula：
In formula：For yaw angle of the ship in navigation, the usual yaw angle in three-level navigation channel takes 3 °；
2）The reserved affluence width D in navigation channel can be calculated in the following manner：
Safety affluence width between ship and riverbank（）：
Safety affluence width between ship（）：
The reserved affluence width in navigation channel（）：
3）Current cause ship side-play amountValue can be calculated by following formula：
In formula：
For the distance that ship is navigated by water along middle of fairway（Ship is up to take S=2.5L, descending to take S=3.0L）；
For the angle of current, three-level navigation channel is typically passed to angle less than 5 °；
For flow rate of water flow；
For the speed of a ship or plane；
4）Increment is widened in bending leg, work as R>During 6L,It is negligible；Work as 3L<R<During 6L, can be according to flow condition
Analyse whether that needs are widened etc. concrete condition；Work as R<During 3L, waterway width increment can be calculated as follows：
In formula：
Widen increment to bend leg；
To bend leg radius of channel curvature；
For straightway navigation channel standard waterway width.
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| CN117725860A (en) * | 2024-02-18 | 2024-03-19 | 交通运输部水运科学研究所 | Bridge upstream and downstream water flow included angle and transverse flow velocity analysis method and system |
| CN117725860B (en) * | 2024-02-18 | 2024-06-14 | 交通运输部水运科学研究所 | Bridge upstream and downstream water flow included angle and transverse flow velocity analysis method and system |
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Application publication date: 20170510 |