CN106652428A - Electricity consumption information acquisition system and acquisition method - Google Patents
Electricity consumption information acquisition system and acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106652428A CN106652428A CN201611248817.6A CN201611248817A CN106652428A CN 106652428 A CN106652428 A CN 106652428A CN 201611248817 A CN201611248817 A CN 201611248817A CN 106652428 A CN106652428 A CN 106652428A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 113
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- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
- G08C23/04—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems using light waves, e.g. infrared
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2589—Bidirectional transmission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
Abstract
The invention discloses an electricity consumption information acquisition system, which belongs to the technical field of data acquisition. The electricity consumption information acquisition system comprises a main station, an electricity meter and an optical fiber acquisition unit, wherein the optical fiber acquisition unit comprises a micro control unit, at least two RS485 circuits, an optical communication circuit, a storage chip and a power supply module. According to the electricity consumption information acquisition system, the optical fiber acquisition unit is uplinked to the main station by virtue of a high-speed optical fiber transmission method and can carry mass data transmission and enable a communication link to be more stable, the optical fiber acquisition unit is downlinked to the electricity meter to increase multiple circuits of RS485 buses, the multiple circuits of RS485 buses are independent of each other and are operated in parallel without interfering with one another, the modification of an uplink transmission channel and a downlink transmission channel enables the electricity consumption data acquisition capability to be greatly improved, and the high-frequency and high-precision requirement on acquiring the electric power data at present can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to data acquisition technology field, especially a kind of power information acquisition system.
Background technology
Power information acquisition system has great significance to electric power enterprise operation and asset management, with acquisition range
Extensively, quantity it is many, it is ageing strong the features such as, the basic demand such as real-time, stable, efficient, reliable should be met.And electricity consumption traditional at present
Information acquisition system carries out ammeter data collection using collector and concentrator：Collector uses single channel RS485 and number in electricity box
Ten ammeter connections, the data of copy reading are sent to concentrator by power carrier, then data are passed through into 2G/3G/ by concentrator
4G/ wired mode is back to acquisition system main website.Because RS485 buses can not do the automatic arbitration of bus, that is, not
Data can simultaneously be sent to avoid bus contention, the communication efficiency of single RS485 is inevitable low；Meanwhile, power carrier also has
The defect such as transfer rate is low, be easily disturbed, the data transfer real-time and reliability which results in electricity consumption acquisition system be poor,
The low present situation of data acquisition efficiency, has seriously constrained the application and development of low-voltage power data acquisition.
Current intelligent electric meter is arranged with powering enterprises as principal components, and its function does not all account for the experience of electricity consumption user
And demand；Due to being limited by infield position and safety precautions and a series of objective factors such as anti-electricity-theft affect, use
Inquiry and operation of the family to intelligent electric meter all seems extremely inconvenient, and directly intelligent electric meter can be looked into user's indoor installation
The wisdom electric energy terminal ask and operate significantly improves this present situation.Obviously, using current existing power circuit, by electric power
Carrier-wave transmission intelligent electric meter data indoor best solution for being to balance cost input and practical function to user, but with electricity
Table inquires about the increase with operation equipment, if communication is arbitrarily initiated on wisdom electric energy terminal disorder ground of leaving, what power carrier conflicted can
Energy property will constantly increase, and the efficiency of data transfer will be reduced constantly, and Consumer's Experience also will cause this solution worse and worse
Good promotion and application cannot be obtained.
As socio-economic development increasingly strengthens the degree of dependence of electric energy, society need more high-quality, it is safe and stable,
Reliable, economic electric energy, the planning construction, operation management and marketing service to electric power enterprise is put forward higher requirement, and this is just
So that the data supporting for providing analysis decision for electric power enterprise becomes important all the more.For the thin of traditional power information acquisition system
Weak link, by present information, communication and control technology low pressure electricity consumption data acquisition system is actively developed, realize magnanimity, in real time,
Stable, efficient, reliable low-voltage power data acquisition, it has also become power industry responds actively the common choice of Challenges for Future.
The content of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of power information acquisition system provided by the present invention, including main website, optical fiber
Collecting unit and ammeter, collecting fiber ascending to main website adopts the transmission means of high speed fibre, and collecting fiber unit is descending
RS485 buses are increased into multichannel to ammeter, per road 485 all can the operation of non-interfering independent parallel, upstream and downstream transmission channel
Transformation cause data acquisition ability be substantially improved.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：Power information acquisition system, including main website, ammeter
With collecting fiber unit, the collecting fiber unit includes：
Micro-control unit, for operation program instruction, control miscellaneous part work；
At least 2 road RS485 circuits, are connected respectively, for micro-control unit to be passed per road RS485 circuits with the micro-control unit
Defeated data, are converted into the RS485 signals of standard, receive ammeter identification, while the standard RS485 signal that ammeter is returned,
It is converted into the packet that micro-control unit can be recognized；
Optical communication circuit, is connected with the micro-control unit, for setting up logical between micro-control unit and outside fiber plant
News hardware link, micro-control unit can mutually be communicated with external network；
Storage chip, is connected with the micro-control unit, for storing the ammeter connected on the collecting fiber unit R S485 port
Number, device parameter and logout；
Power module, is connected with the micro-control unit, for powering to the collecting fiber unit.
More excellent, it is described to include RS485 communication chips and isolation protective circuit per road RS485 circuits.
More excellent, the isolation protective circuit includes opto-coupler chip.
More excellent, the optical communication circuit includes optic communication chip and optical module.
More excellent, the collecting fiber unit also includes：
Network port circuit, is connected with the micro-control unit, for setting up communication between micro-control unit and outside network port device
Hardware link, micro-control unit can mutually be communicated with external network；
Infrared receiving/transmission circuit, is connected with the micro-control unit, for the data conversion of transmitting micro-control unit into standard
Infrared signal, receives the identification of write by hand device；Write by hand device is returned standard IR optical signal simultaneously, is converted into micro-control unit
The packet that can be recognized；
Indicator light circuit, is connected with the micro-control unit, for showing the working condition of the collecting fiber unit in real time；
Clock chip, is connected, for timing with the micro-control unit.
More excellent, the power information acquisition system also includes wisdom electric energy terminal, and the collecting fiber unit also includes carrier wave
Module, the carrier module is connected with the micro-control unit, and the data for micro-control unit to be transmitted are converted to standard
Carrier signal, receives wisdom electric energy terminal recognition；Wisdom electric energy terminal is returned standard carrier signal simultaneously, is converted into micro-
The packet that control unit can be recognized；
The power module is also connected with carrier module, for powering to carrier module.
More excellent, the power module includes EMC protection circuits.
More excellent, the EMC protection circuits are included in each point of the A phase, B phase, C phase of the input circuit of the power supply and N phases
Chuan Lian not 1 inductance；In the A phases and N phases, B phases and N phases, each 1 Y capacitance in parallel respectively between C and N；In the A phases, B
Mutually respectively it is respectively connected to 1 diode and 1 piezo-resistance with C phases.
Present invention also offers a kind of power information acquisition method according to above-mentioned power information acquisition system, including：
（1）The task of checking meter is copied or planned to main website initiate point；
（2）Main website queues up by task priority；
（3）Main website to correspondence collecting fiber unit issues meter reading instruction；
（4）Collecting fiber unit receives instruction and analysis protocol, to specifying the ammeter of 485 ports to send order of checking meter, receives electricity
Table data simultaneously return main website；
（5）Main website timing and circulatory monitoring returned data.If time-out does not receive copy reading data, judge whether to have timed out three times,
If having timed out three times, event log is recorded；If having not timed out three times, initiate benefit and copy task, side by side to task queue end etc.
Wait to issue；If receiving the data of copy reading, the data are parsed and stored；
（6）Whether there is the order not issued in main station judging queue, have, issue at once, nothing then terminates flow process.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
1st, the power information acquisition system that the present invention is provided, including main website, collecting fiber unit and ammeter, on collecting fiber unit
Row, using the transmission means of high speed fibre, can carry mass data transfers and cause communication link more stable to main website, optical fiber
Collecting unit comes downwards to ammeter and RS485 buses is increased into multichannel, and independent parallel operation can not all be interfere with each other per the bus of road 485, on
The transformation of row downlink transfer passage causes the ability of data acquisition to be substantially improved, and can fully meet current power data acquisition high frequency
Degree and high-precision needs.
2nd, between the RS485 communication chips and micro-control unit of collecting fiber unit, insulation blocking is done using opto-coupler chip,
By optoelectronic isolation protective circuit, come micro control unit circuit system and RS485 peripheral circuit systems are electrically completely isolated,
The noiseproof feature of micro control unit circuit system is substantially increased, so as to improve the reliability of circuit system, on the other hand, electricity
Gas shielding system can prevent common-mode voltage from forming current loop, so as to prevent circuit system accidental damage.
3rd, due to there is power carrier before power supply, thus can not directly differential mode capacitor in parallel and common mode capacitance as protection,
Power carrier signal can be otherwise absorbed, causes power carrier signal to decay.Therefore it is first in collecting fiber unit power input circuit
Four inductance have first been sealed in, ABC three-phases and N phases has been respectively connected to, then mutually and N between and Y capacitance has been connect ABC is each again, three have been carried out
With respect to zero line common mode filtering, then carry out in rectification, and the power supply after rectification and connect through three diode pair three-phase alternating currents
One piezo-resistance.When on electrical network because lightning surge electric current causes supply voltage to raise extremely and reaches the action of piezo-resistance
During voltage, piezo-resistance conducting, so as to absorb surge energy.In three-phase phase line, except tandem electric inductance, resistance is also concatenated,
Due to whole electromechanical source power consumption relatively low (2W), therefore mains input current is less, and the resistance of concatenation and the D.C. resistance of inductance will not
Anything is caused to affect.But due to the presence of rear end rectifying and wave-filtering electric capacity, by RC series circuits, so that electric capacity both end voltage
Can not be mutated, therefore when lightning surge electric current occurs, Switching Power Supply input voltage can also keep relatively more steady, so as to improve electricity
Origin system reliability.
4th, by carrier module, collecting fiber unit is made to pass through the indoor intelligence of power carrier automatic detection and management user
Intelligent electric energy terminal, and establish the mechanism that terminal data sends and receives, it is to avoid terminal disorder sends data so as to disturb electric power
Circuit, the phenomenon for causing wave carrier conflict occurs.By infrared receiving/transmission circuit, intercommunication can be carried out with outside infrared equipment, be met
The demand that write by hand device is checked meter.By network port circuit, intercommunication can be carried out with external network, meet equipment and arrange and digital independent
Demand.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the power information acquisition system of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the collecting fiber cellular construction schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the RS485 circuit figures of the collecting fiber unit of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 4 is the optical communication circuit and network port circuit circuit diagram of the collecting fiber unit of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
The structural representation of the power information acquisition system of Fig. 5 embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 6 is the collecting fiber cellular construction schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 7 is the power module EMC protection circuit circuit diagrams of the collecting fiber unit of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 8 is the ammeter data acquisition method flow chart of the collecting fiber unit of the embodiment of the present invention 3；
Fig. 9 is the collecting fiber unit of the embodiment of the present invention 3 and main website network connection state overhaul flow chart；
Figure 10 is the wisdom electric energy endpoint registration of the embodiment of the present invention 3 to more preferably collecting fiber unit flow chart；
Figure 11 is that the power information acquisition system main website of the embodiment of the present invention 3 receives the login of collecting fiber unit and flow process is monitored in heartbeat
Figure；
Figure 12 is that the power information acquisition system main website of the embodiment of the present invention 3 checks meter flow chart；
Figure 13 is the power information acquisition system wisdom electric energy terminal inquiry ammeter data flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1：
As shown in figure 1, invention provides a kind of power information acquisition system, including main website and ammeter, also adopt including optical fiber
Collection unit.
The collecting fiber unit that the present invention is provided, as shown in Fig. 2 including：
MCU, for operation program instruction, control miscellaneous part work.
5 road RS485 circuits, are connected respectively per road RS485 circuits with MCU, for the data for transmitting MCU, are converted into mark
Accurate RS485 signals, receive ammeter identification；Ammeter is returned standard RS485 signal simultaneously, is converted into micro-control unit energy
The packet of identification.
As shown in figure 3, including RS485 communication chips and isolation protective circuit per road RS485 circuits.RS485 chips and MCU
Between, insulation blocking is done using opto-coupler chip, by photoelectric isolating circuit, by processor circuitry and RS485 peripheral circuits
System electrical is completely isolated to come, and substantially increases the noiseproof feature of processor system, so as to improve the reliability of circuit system
Property, on the other hand, electrical isolation system can prevent common-mode voltage from forming current loop, so as to prevent circuit system from surprisingly damaging
It is bad.
Optical communication circuit, as shown in figure 4, be connected with MCU, it is hard for setting up communication between MCU and outside fiber plant
Part link, MCU can mutually be communicated with external network.Optical communication circuit includes optic communication chip and optical module.
Storage chip, is connected with MCU, for storing the ammeter number, the equipment that connect on the collecting fiber unit R S485 port
Parameter and logout etc..
Power module, is connected with MCU, for powering to the collecting fiber unit.
Network port circuit, as shown in figure 4, be connected with MCU, for setting up communication hardware between MCU and outside network port device
Link, MCU can mutually be communicated with external network, meets the demand of equipment setting and digital independent.
Infrared receiving/transmission circuit, is connected with MCU, for the data conversion of transmitting MCU into standard infrared signal, so as to
The identification of write by hand device is received；Write by hand device is returned standard IR optical signal simultaneously, is converted into the packet that MCU can be recognized.
Indicator light circuit, is connected with MCU, for showing the working condition of the collecting fiber unit in real time.
Clock chip, is connected with MCU, for timing.
The collecting fiber unit, goes upward to transmission means of the main website using high speed fibre, can carry mass data transfers simultaneously
So that communication link is more stable, comes downwards to ammeter and RS485 buses are increased into 5 tunnels, all can be non-interfering only per the bus of road 485
Vertical parallel running, the transformation of upstream and downstream transmission channel causes the ability of electricity consumption data collection to be substantially improved, and can fully meet and work as
Front electric power data acquisition frequent and high-precision needs.
Embodiment 2：
Present invention also offers a kind of more excellent power information acquisition system, as shown in figure 5, including main website, collecting fiber unit,
Ammeter and wisdom electric energy terminal.
The collecting fiber unit that the present invention is provided is more preferably collecting fiber unit, as shown in fig. 6, shown in above-mentioned Fig. 2
Collecting fiber unit on the basis of, also include：
Carrier module, carrier module is connected with MCU, and the data for MCU to be transmitted are converted to the carrier signal of standard, make wisdom
Electric energy terminal recognition is received；Wisdom electric energy terminal is returned standard carrier signal simultaneously, is converted into the data that MCU can be recognized
Bag.
Power module, is also connected with carrier module, for powering to carrier module.Power module include AC-DC units and
Input AC 220V changes are pressed onto direct current 5V outputs by DC-DC units, AC-DC module, are that carrier module and collecting fiber unit are supplied
Direct current 5V is boosted to 12V outputs by electricity, DC-DC module, is used for carrier module.
As shown in fig. 7, power module also includes EMC protection circuits, EMC protection circuits are included in the input circuit of power supply
A phase, B phase, C phase 1 inductance of connecting respectively each with N phases；Between power supply A phases and N phases, between B phases and N phases, C phases and N phases it
Between each respectively and connect 1 Y capacitance；1 diode and 1 piezo-resistance are respectively respectively connected in A phases, B phases and C phases.Due to power supply
Above there is power carrier, therefore directly differential mode capacitor in parallel and common mode capacitance can not be used to protect, can otherwise absorb power carrier
Signal, causes power carrier signal to decay.Therefore four inductance have been sealed in first in power input circuit, be respectively connected to ABC tri-
Phase and N phases, then carry out three relative zero line common mode filterings in each mutually access Y capacitances in parallel and N phases between of ABC again, then through three
Individual diode pair three-phase alternating current carries out accessing a piezo-resistance in rectification, and the power supply after rectification.When on electrical network due to
When lightning surge electric current causes supply voltage to raise extremely and reach the operation voltage of piezo-resistance, piezo-resistance conducting, so as to
Absorb surge energy.In three-phase phase line, except tandem electric inductance, resistance is also concatenated, due to whole electromechanical source power consumption relatively low (2W),
Therefore mains input current is less, and what the resistance of concatenation and the D.C. resistance of inductance do not result in and affect.But due to rear end it is whole
The presence of stream filter capacitor, by RC series circuits, so that electric capacity both end voltage can not be mutated, therefore when lightning surge electricity
When stream occurs, Switching Power Supply input voltage can also keep relatively more steady, so as to improve power-supply system reliability.
The collecting fiber unit of the present invention instead of the operational mode of traditional concentrator+collector.The collecting fiber list
Unit is equipped with optical fiber, Ethernet, carrier module, infrared communication and multichannel RS485 interface, and each interface independent parallel operation passes through
MCU co-ordinations.Transmission means of the main website using high speed fibre/Ethernet is gone upward to, mass data transfers can be carried and made
Communication link it is more stable, come downwards to ammeter and RS485 buses increased into multichannel, per road 485 all can non-interfering independence simultaneously
Row operation, the transformation of upstream and downstream transmission channel causes the ability of electricity consumption data collection to be substantially improved, and can fully meet current electricity
Force data gathers frequent and high-precision needs；Meanwhile, the collecting fiber unit can be by power carrier automatic detection and pipe
The indoor wisdom electric energy terminal of reason user, and establish the mechanism that terminal data sends and receives, it is to avoid terminal disorder sends number
According to interference power circuit, the phenomenon for causing wave carrier conflict occurs；Infrared receiving/transmission circuit is mainly used in device parameter and reads and write.
The present invention collecting fiber unit in addition to possessing high-speed data acquisition and transmission characteristic, be also equipped with data relay and
Function of exchange, makes data transfer to carry out between main website, ammeter and indoor wisdom electric energy terminal, such as main website and ammeter, main
Stand and terminal, ammeter and terminal.
Embodiment 3：
Present invention also offers a kind of according to above-described embodiment 1 and the electricity consumption data collection side of the collecting fiber unit of embodiment 2
Method, as shown in figure 8, including：
（1）Optical communication circuit/network port circuit receives the meter reading instruction that main website issues and is transferred to micro-control unit；
（2）Micro-control unit parsing meter reading instruction determines corresponding 485 port；
（3）Micro-control unit order sends the order of checking meter with table number to each 485 port；
（4）Each 485 port of micro-control unit taking turn, intercepts ammeter returned data；
（5）Micro-control unit receives ammeter returned data, and by optical communication circuit/network port circuit main website is returned.
The operation principle of the collecting fiber unit of embodiments of the invention 1 and embodiment 2：
1st, the collecting fiber unit of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 is linked by optical port/network interface with debugging software, and its fortune is checked in realization
Row state and setting running parameter.
Debugging software is run on PC, TCP serve ports, waiting facilities connection are set up after running software.Collecting fiber list
In unit after electricity, MCU operations, by its SPI interface, through 33 Europe protective resistances（R75-R78）, piece is selected, clock, data input
And data output, reset signal is transferred to network chip（U4）.Network chip（U4）Communication bag is converted into network transmission telecommunications
Number, by network transformer driving chip（T1）Strengthening be sent to fiber optic network exchanger chip after signal（SFP
interface）CH2 interfaces, through fiber optic network exchanger chip（SFP interface）Forwarding, CH2 interface signals are turned
To on CH1 interfaces, CH1 interfaces connect the TCP serve ports at PC ends by JP3 network interfaces connected with network cable, set up socket companies
Connect, after socket successful connections, collecting fiber unit can carry out state and check or arrange parameter by debugging software.
2nd, the collecting fiber unit and the communication mechanism of main website of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.
（1）Collecting fiber unit is set up TCP and is linked and communicating data by optical port/network interface and main website server.
Master Station Software is run at main website server end, TCP serve ports, waiting facilities connection are set up after running software.Light
On fine collecting unit after electricity, MCU operations, by its SPI interface, through 33 Europe protective resistances（R75-R78）, piece is selected, clock,
Data input and data output, reset signal is transferred to network chip（U4）.Network chip（U4）Communication bag is converted into network
Transmitting telecommunication number, by network transformer driving chip（T1）Pass through fiber optic network exchanger chip afterwards（SFP interface）,
By the capacitance of 0.1uF（C66-C69）, network transmission electric signal is converted into the differential signal needed for optical module, pass through
（CON1）Drive optical module to convert electrical signals to optical signal and main website is delivered to by optical fiber, so as to active is carried out with main website
Socket connects, and after socket successful connections, collecting fiber unit enters row information and exchanges with main website according to appointment data form.Such as
Fruit connection midway disconnects, and collecting fiber unit can Auto-reconnect.
（2）As shown in figure 9, optical port/the network interface of collecting fiber unit is detected with main website server network connection state：
1. optical port/network interface network connection state needs to make regular check on, and proof cycle is 20 seconds, to guarantee that communication process is stably may be used
Lean on.
2. the normal mechanism that guarantees to communicate is：If never receiving main website number cycle inner fiber collecting unit is made regular check on
According to the heartbeat packet of a regulation agreement is actively initiated in the timing of collecting fiber unit, and under normal circumstances main website can immediately return one
Packet.Collecting fiber unit is received and judge after packet connection normally, otherwise then judges Network Abnormal.
Connection procedure：The MCU timings of collecting fiber unit are packed the heartbeat packet of what a regulation agreement, and MCU passes through its SPI
Interface, through 33 Europe resistance, piece is selected, clock, data input and data output, reset signal, and heartbeat packet is transferred into network
Chip（U4）.Network chip（U4）Communication bag is converted into network transmission electric signal, by network transformer driving chip（T1）
Pass through fiber optic network exchanger chip afterwards（SFP interface）, by 0.1uF isolation capacitances（C66-C69）, network is passed
Power transmission signal is converted into the differential signal needed for optical module, passes through（CON1）Drive optical module to convert electrical signals to optical signal to lead to
Cross optical fiber and heartbeat packet is delivered into main website.
Main website is received and respond immediately after heartbeat packet a response bag, and sends the response bag by optical fiber, and instruction passes through
Optical fiber is sent on the optical module of collecting fiber unit, and optical signal is transformed into optical module the electric signal of difference（TD and RD）,
Through capacitance（C66-C69）, differential signal is passed into fiber optic network exchanger chip（SFP interface）, optical fiber
Network switch chip（SFP interface）Network interface signal is converted the signal to, through CH2 ports, by signal transmission to net
Road transformer（T1）, networking transformer（T1）By network signal transformation for 3.3V safe voltage after, by signal transmission to network interface
Turn SPI chips（U4）,（U4）Network interface signal is converted into the data signal of SPI protocol, by 33 Europe protective resistances（R75-R78）
Pass to the MCU of collecting fiber unit.
If 3. successful connection, the step of continuation 2., anomalous counts value resets；
If 4. connection failure, the step of continuation 2., anomalous counts value increases by 1 time, and after multiple connection failure, MCU initiates initial
Change hardware instruction, equipment is restarted；
5. main website connection flow process is continued after restarting.
（3）Main website gathers front end ammeter data by collecting fiber unit.
When main website needs to obtain front end ammeter data, main website will instruct packing to be sent to collecting fiber unit by optical fiber
Optical module on, optical signal is transformed into optical module the electric signal of difference（TD and RD）, through capacitance（C66-C69）,
Differential signal is passed into fiber optic network exchanger chip（SFP interface）, fiber optic network exchanger chip（SFP
interface）Network interface signal is converted the signal to, through CH2 ports, by signal transmission networking transformer is given（T1）, networking becomes
Depressor（T1）By network signal transformation for 3.3V safe voltage after, signal transmission is turned into SPI chips to network interface（U4）,（U4）Will
Network interface signal is converted into the data signal of SPI protocol, by 33 Europe protective resistances（R75-R78）Pass to MCU.MCU identifications are logical
After letter bag, the port to be inquired about is parsed, the corresponding order of packing enables corresponding 485 chip, passes through by 485E lines
485TX lines send order, and by optocoupler after the protective resistance of 1K, control optocoupler produces signal transmission to 485 chips to signal,
485 chips convert the signal to the differential signal of 485 forms, are sent to front end ammeter.Ammeter is passed by above-mentioned contrary path
Delivery data is ultimately transferred to main website after MCU identification communication bags to MCU by above-mentioned reverse path, completes once to communicate.
3rd, the collecting fiber unit of embodiment 2 and indoor wisdom electric energy terminal called mechanism.
（1）As shown in Figure 10, wisdom electric energy endpoint registration is to collecting fiber unit flow process.
Wisdom electric energy terminal part：If not binding ammeter after the energization of wisdom electric energy terminal, may require that user binds
Electric card, after user inserts electric card, obtains ammeter number from electric card；Wisdom electric energy terminal according to protocol specification using ammeter as
After the packing of address, carrier module, carrier module demodulation are passed to by U2TXD and U2RXD lines with the speed of baud rate 1000bps
Afterwards, the MCU of collecting fiber unit is passed data to by power line.
Wisdom electric energy terminal monitors the return signal that succeeds in registration by carrier module, if without reply, separated in time
After resend the registration packet.Have after reply and stop sending registration packet.
Collecting fiber cell mesh：Collecting fiber unit meeting monitoring carrier wave module by signal, when having in power line communication is met
The carrier data bag of agreement, carrier module, carrier wave are passed to the speed of baud rate 1000bps by U2TXD and U2RXD lines
After module demodulation, the MCU of collecting fiber unit is passed data to by power line；The MCU parsing data of collecting fiber unit
Bag content, if judging the registration packet from wisdom electric energy terminal, then enters table number in bag with the table number in storage chip
Row is compared；If without the table number, abandoning the packet, error message feeds back to intelligence after carrier module modulation by power line
Intelligent electric energy terminal；If there is the table number, store wisdom electric energy end message and associate with ammeter, binding information passes through carrier module
Wisdom electric energy terminal is fed back to by power line after modulation；If the table number with wisdom electric energy terminal association, binding information lead to
Cross after carrier module modulation and wisdom electric energy terminal is fed back to by power line.
（2）Collecting fiber unit copy reading ammeter data simultaneously sends to wisdom electric energy terminal.
Because the secondary side of a transformer there may be multiple collecting fiber units, to avoid multiple collecting fiber units
Unordered transmission carrier data, then carry out centralized configuration and scheduling by main website to collecting fiber unit.Main website is with a transformer two
All collecting fiber units of secondary side are made a plan task for scope, are time interval with 5 minutes for each collecting fiber unit
Configuration different task time.
After time is up for plan target, assignment instructions are sent to the optical module of collecting fiber unit by optical fiber for main website
On, optical signal is transformed into optical module the electric signal of difference（TD and RD）, through capacitance（C66-C69）, difference is believed
Number pass to fiber optic network exchanger chip（SFP interface）, fiber optic network exchanger chip（SFP interface）Will
Signal is converted into network interface signal, through CH2 ports, by signal transmission networking transformer is given（T1）, networking transformer（T1）By net
After network signal transformation is for the safe voltage of 3.3V, signal transmission is turned into SPI chips to network interface（U4）,（U4）Network interface signal is converted
For the data signal of SPI protocol, by 33 Europe protective resistances（R75-R78）Pass to the MCU of collecting fiber unit.
MCU has bound the ammeter number of wisdom electric energy terminal by reading in storage chip, obtain corresponding RS485 interfaces.
Order during MCU high-ranking officers is forwarded to corresponding RS485 interfaces, is sent by 485TX lines and is ordered, guarantor of the signal through 1K
By optocoupler after shield resistance, control optocoupler produces signal transmission to 485 chips, and 485 chips convert the signal to the difference of 485 forms
Sub-signal, by copy reading instruction front end ammeter is sent to.
When the ammeter of corresponding address receives the order and school, after by implementing result by 485 chips be converted into difference letter
Number, corresponding RS485 chips are passed to, 485 chips export the level signal that differential signal is converted into TTL from RO ports, control
The switch of optocoupler processed, generation meets the TTL electric signals of MCU level voltages, and by the protective resistance in 510 Europe the 485TX of MCU is passed back
Pin, MCU receives and identifies the signal.
It is 500ms that the MCU of collecting fiber unit waited for 485 times for returning the instruction passback of wall scroll data reading system, if data
Passback time-out, MCU logs simultaneously return main website.
If receiving return data, the carrier signal on power line is intercepted by the pin of carrier module, if there are other
Carrier signal is then waited；If nothing, order during MCU high-ranking officers, by carrier module data is activation is gone out and waited.
Indoor wisdom electric energy terminal receives data and stores, and then returns implementing result.
If collecting fiber unit waits passback result time-out, intercepting carrier signal simultaneously to retransmit；If receiving passback result,
Then return main website.
4th, the mechanism of the control of collecting fiber unit multichannel 485 of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2：
5 independent serial mouths of MCU pass through respectively 5 road RS485 interface circuits of RS485 chip drives 5.Equipment adopts multitask
Operating system controls multichannel RS485 circuit, and the every 1 road RS485 circuits of each task control go management by a corresponding task, many
Individual task can parallel running, then RS485 circuits each other without interference with.Start 5 threads when device power is initialized, point
Kong Zhi not 5 RS485 bus circuits.When needing to gather the ammeter data in certain RS485 bus, MCU passes through corresponding line
The bus of Cheng Xianggai roads 485 sends request of data, and corresponding ammeter is received after request command, return data, completes once to communicate
Process.Data above communication process can be initiated from MCU orders to each bus, because MCU speed is exceedingly fast, while and being many
Business mechanism, is the equal of that multichannel RS485 bus works at the same time, can be within the time for once communicating, while completing 5 485
The data communication gatherer process of bus.
For the transmission speed for further improving data, the baud rate default setting per road RS485 is 9600bps.Each
485 buses can connect multiple ammeters, and MCU is sent in the packet of RS485 comprising electric meter address ID, is sent in 485 buses
One packet, ammeter receives address ID that resolve command bag after the order contrasted in the address ID of oneself and order bag whether phase
Together, although all ammeters can receive the order, but ammeter only corresponding with address just can returned data.
As shown in figure 11, in the power information acquisition system of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, including main website receives optical fiber and adopts
Collection unit is logged in and flow process is monitored in heartbeat.
1st, main website initialization ammeter and collecting fiber unit（Containing port）Configuration information.
2nd, collecting fiber unit logging request is monitored by main website.Main website is received after logging request, judges to work as by configuration information
Effectively whether the collecting fiber unit of front connection, if invalid active break link, login successfully, while to light if effectively
Fine collecting unit returns and logs in confirmation and keep connecting.
3rd, to listed collecting fiber unit, main website timing 10 minutes simultaneously monitors the heartbeat letter that collecting fiber unit is sent
Breath, if receiving heartbeat message, updates connection status and simultaneously returns confirmation, actively disconnects if time-out is not received and more
New connection status.
As shown in figure 12, in the power information acquisition system of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, including main website is adopted by optical fiber
The flow process of collection unit meter reading.
1st, the task of checking meter is copied or planned to main website initiate point.
2nd, main station judging task priority and queue up.
3rd, main website finds corresponding connection by ammeter and collecting fiber unit configuration information, and by way of circulation to
Multigroup 485 passage on collecting fiber unit sends meter reading instruction, and same group of 485 channel attached instructions are by under queueing form
Send out.
4th, collecting fiber unit receives instruction and analysis protocol, then sends order of checking meter to the ammeter for specifying 485 ports,
Receive ammeter data and return main website.
5th, main website timing and by endless form monitor collecting fiber unit each group of 485 ports whether receive return number
According to.If time-out does not receive returned data, the next acquisition in queue is issued at once, while judging whether to have timed out three
It is secondary, if having timed out three times, event log is recorded, if having not timed out three times, initiate benefit and copy task, side by side to task queue end
And wait is issued.
6th, main website receives the data of copy reading, parses and store the data.
7th, whether there is the order not issued in main station judging queue, have, issue at once, nothing then terminates flow process.
As shown in figure 13, in the power information collection inquiry system of embodiment 2, including wisdom electric energy terminal inquiry ammeter
The flow process of information：
1st, wisdom electric energy terminal generates the query statement comprising electric meter address, and by power line carrier module is sent to；
2nd, query statement is sent into collecting fiber unit after carrier module decoding；
3rd, collecting fiber unit compares the electric meter address in the electric meter address and storage chip in query statement, obtains electricity
The corresponding RS485 ports of table address；
4th, query statement is forwarded to corresponding RS485 ports by collecting fiber unit；
5th, ammeter returns data to RS485 ports, and collecting fiber unit receives ammeter returned data；
6th, ammeter returned data is sent to carrier module by collecting fiber unit；
7th, ammeter returned data is sent to wisdom electric energy terminal by carrier module, and flow process terminates.
Above example is used for illustrative purposes only, rather than limitation of the present invention, about the technology people of technical field
Member, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make various conversion or modification, therefore all equivalents
Technical scheme should also belong to scope of the invention, should be limited by each claim.
Claims (9)
1. power information acquisition system, including main website and ammeter, it is characterised in that also including collecting fiber unit, the optical fiber
Collecting unit includes：
Micro-control unit, for operation program instruction, control miscellaneous part work；
At least 2 road RS485 circuits, are connected respectively, for micro-control unit to be passed per road RS485 circuits with the micro-control unit
Defeated data, are converted into the RS485 signals of standard, receive ammeter identification, while the standard RS485 signal that ammeter is returned,
It is converted into the packet that micro-control unit can be recognized；
Optical communication circuit, is connected with the micro-control unit, for setting up logical between micro-control unit and outside fiber plant
News hardware link, micro-control unit can mutually be communicated with external network；
Storage chip, is connected with the micro-control unit, for storing the ammeter connected on the collecting fiber unit R S485 port
Number, device parameter and logout；
Power module, is connected with the micro-control unit, for powering to the collecting fiber unit.
2. power information acquisition system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described to include per road RS485 circuits
RS485 communication chips and isolation protective circuit.
3. power information acquisition system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the isolation protective circuit includes optocoupler
Chip.
4. power information acquisition system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the optical communication circuit includes optic communication
Chip and optical module.
5. power information acquisition system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the collecting fiber unit also includes：
Network port circuit, is connected with the micro-control unit, for setting up communication between micro-control unit and outside network port device
Hardware link, micro-control unit can mutually be communicated with external network；
Infrared receiving/transmission circuit, is connected with the micro-control unit, for the data conversion of transmitting micro-control unit into standard
Infrared signal, receives the identification of write by hand device, while the standard IR optical signal that write by hand device is returned, is converted into micro-control unit
The packet that can be recognized；
Indicator light circuit, is connected with the micro-control unit, for showing the working condition of the collecting fiber unit in real time；
Clock chip, is connected, for timing with the micro-control unit.
6. the power information acquisition system according to any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that power information collection
System also includes wisdom electric energy terminal, and the collecting fiber unit also includes carrier module, the carrier module and the microcontroller
Unit is connected, and the data for micro-control unit to be transmitted are converted to the carrier signal of standard, connect wisdom electric energy terminal recognition
Receive, while the standard carrier signal that wisdom electric energy terminal is returned, is converted into the packet that micro-control unit can be recognized；
The power module is also connected with carrier module, for powering to carrier module.
7. power information acquisition system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the power module includes EMC protection
Circuit.
8. power information acquisition system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the EMC protection circuits are included in institute
State A phase, B phase, C phase 1 inductance of connecting respectively each with N phases of the input circuit of power supply；In the A phases and N phases, B phases and N phases, C
Each 1 Y capacitance in parallel respectively and N between；1 diode and 1 piezo-resistance are respectively respectively connected in the A phases, B phases and C phases.
9. the power information acquisition method of electricity consumption acquisition system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that include：
（1）The task of checking meter is copied or planned to main website initiate point；
（2）Main website queues up by task priority；
（3）Main website to correspondence collecting fiber unit issues meter reading instruction；
（4）Collecting fiber unit receives instruction and analysis protocol, to specifying the ammeter of 485 ports to send order of checking meter, receives electricity
Table data simultaneously return main website；
（5）Main website timing and circulatory monitoring returned data, if time-out does not receive copy reading data, judge whether to have timed out three times,
If having timed out three times, event log is recorded, if having not timed out three times, initiate benefit and copy task, side by side to task queue end etc.
Wait to issue；If receiving the data of copy reading, the data are parsed and stored；
（6）Whether there is the order not issued in main station judging queue, have, issue at once, nothing then terminates flow process.
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| CN201611248817.6A CN106652428A (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Electricity consumption information acquisition system and acquisition method |
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| CN111127867A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-05-08 | 国网浙江临海市供电有限公司 | RS485 communication adapter for electricity consumption information acquisition system and control method |
| CN115484195A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-16 | 朗新科技集团股份有限公司 | A receiving and dispatching integrative system, power consumption management system for electric power information acquisition |
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