CN106645590B - Gas concentration measuring device based on differential acquisition - Google Patents
Gas concentration measuring device based on differential acquisition Download PDFInfo
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- CN106645590B CN106645590B CN201710048380.XA CN201710048380A CN106645590B CN 106645590 B CN106645590 B CN 106645590B CN 201710048380 A CN201710048380 A CN 201710048380A CN 106645590 B CN106645590 B CN 106645590B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Abstract
The invention relates to a gas concentration measuring device based on differential acquisition, which comprises a probe for monitoring gas concentration and ambient temperature, a converter unit for conditioning and amplifying signals of a gas sensor and simultaneously finishing conditioning of one path of temperature compensation signals, a computer unit for processing and displaying gas concentration measurement data in real time, and a data acquisition and USB communication unit for realizing differential data acquisition and transmission by utilizing a differential A/D converter, wherein the signals of the gas sensor are conditioned and amplified and then input into a (+) input end of the differential A/D converter, and the signals are conditioned and input into a (-) input end of the differential A/D converter to form differential input. The differential acquisition and amplification of the measurement data of the gas sensor are realized, common mode noise is restrained, temperature compensation of the gas sensor is realized, measurement noise is effectively reduced, sensitivity of the measuring device to the ambient temperature is reduced, and measurement accuracy of the gas sensor is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas concentration measurement, and particularly relates to a gas concentration measurement device based on differential acquisition.
Background
The gas concentration measuring device generally comprises four parts, namely a gas sensor (probe), a transducer unit, a data acquisition unit and a computer software processing unit. The realization mode of the measuring device is that after the output of the gas sensor is amplified by the converter, the analog signal is directly sent to the analog input end of the A/D converter, and the ground of the signal end is connected with the ground of the A/D converter, namely, the acquisition of the sensor signal is realized by the single-ended A/D converter. The data acquisition unit controls and transmits the digital signals obtained after the A/D conversion, and sends the digital signals into the computer software processing unit to realize the display and the processing of the gas concentration data.
In the conventional technology, with respect to the method of acquiring the signal of the gas sensor by the conventional single-ended a/D converter, the signal ground of the sensor and the ground line of the a/D converter are connected together. When the connection between the probe and the converter unit is long, the analog signal line of the gas sensor is easy to be interfered, so that the signal noise at the output end of the data acquisition unit is large, and for low-concentration gas measurement, the signal can be basically submerged in the noise, and the signal-to-noise ratio is low, so that the accurate measurement and resolution of the low-concentration gas are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gas concentration measuring device based on differential acquisition.
The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
the gas concentration measuring device based on differential acquisition comprises a probe for monitoring gas concentration and ambient temperature, a converter unit for conditioning and amplifying signals of a gas sensor and simultaneously completing conditioning of one-path temperature compensation signal, a computer unit for processing and displaying gas concentration measurement data in real time, and a data acquisition and USB communication unit for realizing differential data acquisition and transmission by utilizing a differential A/D converter, wherein the probe, the converter unit, the data acquisition and USB communication unit and the computer unit are sequentially connected in a transmission way; the signal of the gas sensor is conditioned and amplified and then is input into the (+) input end of the differential A/D converter, and the temperature compensation signal is conditioned and then is input into the (-) input end of the differential A/D converter to form differential input.
Specifically, the data acquisition and USB communication unit also comprises an FPGA main control chip, a USB communication chip for converting the acquired gas sensor signals into standard USB format data and carrying out data transmission, and a standard B-type USB socket connected with the computer unit through a USB cable, wherein an I/O port of the FPGA main control chip is respectively connected with a control and data output port of the A/D converter and a control and data input port of the USB communication chip, a data output port of the USB communication chip is connected with a data port of the standard B-type USB socket, and the USB cable is used for realizing connection between the standard B-type USB socket and the computer.
Specifically, the probe comprises a gas sensor for monitoring the concentration of gas and a temperature-sensitive resistor for monitoring the ambient temperature; the converter unit comprises a sensor conditioning circuit and a temperature-sensitive resistance conditioning circuit; the signal output end of the gas sensor is connected with the signal input end of the sensor conditioning circuit, the signal output end of the temperature-sensitive resistor is connected with the signal input end of the temperature-sensitive resistor conditioning circuit, the signal output end of the sensor conditioning circuit is connected with the (+) input end of the differential A/D converter, and the signal output end of the temperature-sensitive resistor conditioning circuit is connected with the (-) input end of the differential A/D converter.
Preferably, the differential A/D converter model is ADS1118.
Preferably, the USB communication chip model is FT245.
Specifically, the sensor conditioning circuit comprises an in-phase amplifier composed of an operational amplifier U1A, a first capacitor, a first resistor and a second resistor, a first-order low-pass filter composed of a third resistor and a second resistor, and a jet follower composed of an operational amplifier U1B, wherein an output signal Ui of the gas sensor is connected to a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1A, an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1A is respectively connected with a first end of the first resistor, a first end of the second resistor and a first end of the first resistor, a second end of the first resistor is grounded, a second end of the first resistor is respectively connected with a second end of the second resistor, a first end of the third resistor and an output end of the operational amplifier U1A, a second end of the third resistor is respectively connected with a first end of the second resistor and the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1B, a second end of the second resistor is grounded, and an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1B is connected with an output end of the operational amplifier U1B, and then the sensor signal Um is output.
Preferably, the model numbers of the operational amplifier U1A and the operational amplifier U1B are ADA4077-2.
Specifically, the temperature-sensitive resistor conditioning circuit comprises an in-phase amplifier composed of an operational amplifier U1C, a third capacitor, an eighth resistor and a ninth resistor, a first-order low-pass filter composed of a tenth resistor and a fourth resistor, a jet-stage follower composed of an operational amplifier U1D, and a constant current source circuit composed of a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor and a temperature-sensitive resistor, wherein 5V voltage is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor is respectively connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier U1C and the first end of the sixth resistor, the second end of the sixth resistor is connected with the first end of the temperature-sensitive resistor, the second end of the temperature-sensitive resistor is connected with the first end of the seventh resistor, the second end of the seventh resistor is grounded, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1C is respectively connected with the first end of the eighth resistor, the first end of the ninth resistor and the first end of the third resistor, the second end of the eighth resistor is grounded, the second end of the eighth resistor is respectively connected with the second end of the third resistor, the third resistor is connected with the negative input end of the fourth resistor and the fourth resistor, the fourth resistor is connected with the negative end of the fourth resistor, and the fourth resistor is connected with the positive output end of the fourth resistor and the positive output end of the fourth resistor is respectively, and the negative end of the temperature amplifier is connected with the negative end of the positive input to the fourth resistor is.
Preferably, the model numbers of the operational amplifier U1C and the operational amplifier U1D are ADA4077-2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the following advantages:
(1) By adopting a differential acquisition mode, the signal measurement of the gas sensor under the high signal-to-noise ratio is realized, the noise value of the system measurement is effectively reduced, and the higher test precision requirement is ensured.
(2) The hardware temperature compensation signal is adopted as the (-) input end of the differential A/D converter, so that the influence of the ambient temperature on the sensor signal is effectively reduced, and the sensitivity of the measuring device to the temperature is reduced.
(3) The temperature compensation is completed by adopting a mode based on differential acquisition, differential amplification and acquisition are realized, common mode noise is restrained, high-precision measurement of gas concentration is realized, and compared with a common single-end acquisition mode, the scheme reduces the hardware realization scale and has application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition and USB communication unit structure in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a sensor conditioning circuit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of a temperature sensitive resistor conditioning circuit in the present invention.
In the figure: 101. a probe; 102. a converter unit; 103. a data acquisition and USB communication unit; 104. a computer unit; 301. a differential a/D converter; 302. an FPGA main control chip; 303. a USB communication chip; 304. a standard type B USB socket.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the gas concentration measuring device based on differential acquisition comprises a probe 101 for monitoring gas concentration and ambient temperature, a converter unit 102 for conditioning and amplifying signals of a gas sensor and simultaneously conditioning a path of temperature compensation signals, a computer unit 104 for processing and displaying gas concentration measurement data in real time, and a data acquisition and USB communication unit 103 for realizing differential data acquisition and transmission by utilizing a differential a/D converter, wherein the probe 101, the converter unit 102, the data acquisition and USB communication unit 103 and the computer unit 104 are connected in sequence in a transmission manner; the signal of the gas sensor is conditioned and amplified and then input into the (+) input end of the differential A/D converter 301, and the temperature compensation signal is conditioned and then input into the (-) input end of the differential A/D converter 301 to form a differential input.
The differential a/D converter 301 of the present invention has a function of programmable gain amplification of a differential signal, and can perform differential amplification and a/D conversion on a gas sensor output signal and a temperature compensation signal to obtain a corresponding digital signal.
The data acquisition and USB communication unit 103 further includes an FPGA master control chip 302, a USB communication chip 303 for converting the acquired gas sensor signal into standard USB format data and performing data transmission, and a standard B-type USB socket 304 connected to the computer unit 104 through a USB cable, where the I/O port of the FPGA master control chip 302 is connected to the control and data output port of the a/D converter 301 and the control and data input port of the USB communication chip 303, respectively, and the data output port of the USB communication chip 303 is connected to the data port of the standard B-type USB socket 304, and the standard B-type USB socket 304 is connected to the computer unit 104.
The computer unit 104 analyzes the transmitted digital signal in real time, and displays the measured concentration value through a screen.
The probe 101 comprises a gas sensor for monitoring the concentration of gas and a temperature-sensitive resistor for monitoring the ambient temperature; the transducer unit 102 includes a sensor conditioning circuit and a temperature sensitive resistance conditioning circuit; the signal output end of the gas sensor is connected with the signal input end of the sensor conditioning circuit, the signal output end of the temperature-sensitive resistor is connected with the signal input end of the temperature-sensitive resistor conditioning circuit, the signal output end of the sensor conditioning circuit is connected with the (+) input end of the differential A/D converter 301, and the signal output end of the temperature-sensitive resistor conditioning circuit is connected with the (-) input end of the differential A/D converter 301.
Preferably, the differential A/D converter 301 model number is ADS1118.
Preferably, the USB communication chip 303 model is FT245.
As shown in fig. 3, specifically, the sensor conditioning circuit includes an in-phase amplifier composed of an operational amplifier U1A, a first capacitor C1, a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, a first-order low-pass filter composed of a third resistor R3 and a second resistor C2, and a stage follower composed of an operational amplifier U1B, where an output signal Ui of the gas sensor is connected to a non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1A, an inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1A is connected to a first terminal of the first resistor R1, a first terminal of the second resistor R2 and a first terminal of the first resistor C1, a second terminal of the first resistor R1 is connected to a second terminal of the second resistor R2, a first terminal of the third resistor R3 and an output terminal of the operational amplifier U1A, respectively, a second terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to a first terminal of the second resistor C2 and an input terminal of the operational amplifier U1B, and a second terminal of the second resistor C2 is connected to an inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1B, and an output terminal of the second resistor U1B is connected to an output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 m. The in-phase amplifier formed by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 amplifies weak signals of the gas sensor; the first-order low-pass filter composed of the third resistor R3 and the second capacitor C2 can filter out high-frequency noise to obtain a sensor signal with higher signal-to-noise ratio.
Preferably, the model numbers of the operational amplifier U1A and the operational amplifier U1B are ADA4077-2.
As shown in fig. 4, specifically, the temperature-sensitive resistor conditioning circuit includes an in-phase amplifier composed of an operational amplifier U1C, a third capacitor C3, an eighth resistor R8 and a ninth resistor R9, a first-order low-pass filter composed of a tenth resistor R10 and a fourth resistor C4, a radiation-stage follower composed of an operational amplifier U1D, a constant-current source circuit composed of a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7 and a temperature-sensitive resistor RT, a 5V voltage is connected to a first end of the fourth resistor R4, a second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to a first end of the fifth resistor R5, a second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to a positive input end of the operational amplifier U1C and a first end of the sixth resistor R6, a second end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to a first end of the temperature-sensitive resistor RT, a second end of the temperature-sensitive resistor RT is connected to a first end of the seventh resistor R7, a second end of the seventh resistor R7 is grounded, a second end of the operational amplifier U1C is connected to a third end of the fourth resistor C1C, a negative end of the fourth resistor R9 is connected to a positive input end of the fourth resistor C, a negative end of the fourth resistor C1 and a positive end of the fourth resistor R9 is connected to the fourth end of the fourth resistor C, a negative end of the fourth resistor C1 is connected to the fourth end of the fourth resistor R9 is connected to the positive end of the fourth resistor C2, and the fourth end of the fourth resistor C9 is connected to the positive end of the fourth resistor C3 is connected to the fourth end of the fourth end is connected to the fourth end of the third resistor C3. The 5V voltage is connected to supply power for the constant current source circuit; the fourth resistor R4, the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 form a resistor network to provide proper working current for the temperature sensitive resistor RT and obtain a voltage signal with certain bias and containing temperature information, the voltage signal is sent to the (+) end of the operational amplifier U1C, the temperature signal is amplified through an in-phase amplifier formed by the eighth resistor R8 and the ninth resistor R9, and then the temperature signal with higher signal-to-noise ratio is obtained through a first-order low-pass filter formed by the tenth resistor R10 and the fourth capacitor C4, and finally the output temperature signal Ut is obtained after the signal passes through a jet follower formed by the operational amplifier U1D, and the temperature signal Ut is sent to the (-) input end of the a/D converter 301.
Preferably, the model numbers of the operational amplifier U1C and the operational amplifier U1D are ADA4077-2.
The patent designs a measuring device by adopting a gas concentration measuring method based on differential acquisition, namely, differential acquisition and amplification of measurement data of a gas sensor are realized, common mode noise is restrained, and temperature compensation of the gas sensor is realized. The differential acquisition mode effectively reduces measurement noise, reduces sensitivity of the measurement device to ambient temperature, and improves measurement accuracy of the gas sensor.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a gas concentration measuring device based on difference formula gathers, is including the probe that is used for monitoring gas concentration and ambient temperature, be used for carrying out the conditioning and amplifying with gas sensor's signal to accomplish the converter unit of temperature compensation signal conditioning all the way simultaneously, carry out real-time processing and the computer unit who shows gas concentration measurement data, its characterized in that: the system also comprises a data acquisition and USB communication unit for realizing differential data acquisition and transmission by utilizing the differential A/D converter, and a probe, a converter unit, the data acquisition and USB communication unit and a computer unit are connected in sequence in a data signal transmission way; the signal of the gas sensor is conditioned and amplified and then is input into the (+) input end of the differential A/D converter, and the temperature compensation signal is conditioned and then is input into the (-) input end of the differential A/D converter to form differential input;
the probe comprises a gas sensor for monitoring the concentration of gas and a temperature-sensitive resistor for monitoring the ambient temperature; the converter unit comprises a sensor conditioning circuit and a temperature-sensitive resistance conditioning circuit; the signal output end of the gas sensor is connected with the signal input end of the sensor conditioning circuit, the signal output end of the temperature-sensitive resistor is connected with the signal input end of the temperature-sensitive resistor conditioning circuit, the signal output end of the sensor conditioning circuit is connected with the (+) input end of the differential A/D converter, and the signal output end of the temperature-sensitive resistor conditioning circuit is connected with the (-) input end of the differential A/D converter;
the sensor conditioning circuit comprises an in-phase amplifier formed by an operational amplifier U1A, a first capacitor, a first resistor and a second resistor, a first-order low-pass filter formed by a third resistor and a second resistor and a jet follower formed by an operational amplifier U1B, wherein an output signal Ui of the gas sensor is connected to a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1A, an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1A is respectively connected with a first end of the first resistor, a first end of the second resistor and a first end of the first capacitor, a second end of the first resistor is grounded, a second end of the first resistor is respectively connected with a second end of the second resistor, a first end of the third resistor and an output end of the operational amplifier U1A, a second end of the third resistor is respectively connected with a first end of the second resistor and the in-phase input end of the operational amplifier U1B, a second end of the second resistor is grounded, and an inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1B is connected to output end of the operational amplifier U1B to output a sensor signal Um;
the temperature-sensitive resistor conditioning circuit comprises an in-phase amplifier composed of an operational amplifier U1C, a third capacitor, an eighth resistor and a ninth resistor, a first-order low-pass filter composed of a tenth resistor and a fourth resistor, a jet-stage follower composed of an operational amplifier U1D, and a constant current source circuit composed of a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor and the temperature-sensitive resistor, wherein 5V voltage is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor, the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the first end of the fifth resistor, the second end of the fifth resistor is respectively connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1C and the first end of the sixth resistor, the second end of the temperature-sensitive resistor is connected with the first end of the seventh resistor, the second end of the seventh resistor is grounded, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1C is respectively connected with the first end of the eighth resistor, the first end of the ninth resistor and the first end of the third resistor, the second end of the eighth resistor is grounded, the second end of the third resistor is respectively connected with the inverting input end of the third resistor U1C and the fourth resistor, the second end of the fourth resistor is respectively connected with the inverting input end of the fourth resistor U1C and the fourth resistor is connected with the inverting end of the fourth resistor, the temperature amplifier is connected with the inverting end of the fourth resistor C1, the temperature amplifier is connected with the inverting output end of the fourth resistor is connected with the inverting input end of the temperature amplifier is.
2. The differential acquisition-based gas concentration measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition and USB communication unit also comprises an FPGA main control chip, a USB communication chip for converting the acquired gas sensor signals into standard USB format data and carrying out data transmission, and a standard B-type USB socket connected with the computer unit through a USB cable, wherein an I/O port of the FPGA main control chip is respectively connected with a control and data output port of the A/D converter and a control and data input port of the USB communication chip, a data output port of the USB communication chip is connected with a data port of the standard B-type USB socket, and the USB cable is used for realizing connection of the standard B-type USB socket and the computer.
3. The differential acquisition-based gas concentration measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the differential A/D converter model is ADS1118.
4. The differential acquisition-based gas concentration measurement device according to claim 2, wherein: the USB communication chip model is FT245.
5. The differential acquisition-based gas concentration measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the model numbers of the operational amplifier U1A and the operational amplifier U1B are ADA4077-2.
6. The differential acquisition-based gas concentration measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the model numbers of the operational amplifier U1C and the operational amplifier U1D are ADA4077-2.
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| CN108398902A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-08-14 | 哈工大机器人（合肥）国际创新研究院 | A kind of kitchen safety monitoring system and method based on FPGA |
| CN110208686A (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2019-09-06 | 深圳市无眼界科技有限公司 | A kind of electrochemical sensor simulator |
| CN113805616A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-17 | 深圳市科曼医疗设备有限公司 | Gas concentration adjusting device |
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