CN106645404A - Nondestructive testing method and device for basin type insulator curing degree of high-voltage switch equipment - Google Patents
Nondestructive testing method and device for basin type insulator curing degree of high-voltage switch equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN106645404A CN106645404A CN201611047494.4A CN201611047494A CN106645404A CN 106645404 A CN106645404 A CN 106645404A CN 201611047494 A CN201611047494 A CN 201611047494A CN 106645404 A CN106645404 A CN 106645404A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nondestructive testing method and device for basin type insulator curing degree of high-voltage switch equipment, wherein the nondestructive testing method comprises the following steps: transmitting an ultrasonic pulse to an insulator to be tested; obtaining an ultrasonic reflection signal at the lower bottom surface of the insulator to be tested; carrying out fast Fourier transform on the ultrasonic reflection signal, and calculating a power spectrum of the ultrasonic reflection signal; comparing the peak value of the power spectrum with a relational data base, thus obtaining the curing degree of the insulator to be tested; the relational data base is a corresponding relation of insulator curing degrees obtained by carrying out ultrasonic tests on insulator samples with different curing degrees and the power spectrum of the ultrasonic reflection signal at the lower bottom surface of the insulator. The method disclosed by the invention can effectively realize nondestructive testing on the overall curing degree of the basin type insulator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-tension switch gear disc insulator curing degree lossless detection method and device, belong to exhausted
Edge material NDT and NDE technical field.
Background technology
Disc insulator is one of key components and parts of high-tension switch gear, plays insulation, supports and split the weight such as air chamber
Act on, its performance will directly determine the insulating properties and operational reliability of switchgear.As line voltage grade is to extra-high
Pressure direction is developed, and high-tension switch gear disc insulator size constantly increases, to the requirement of its voltage endurance capability in running
More and more higher.Large-scale disc insulator complex manufacturing, long the production cycle, electrical and mechanical properties have high demands.Benzvalene form insulate
Son is chronically under the synergy of high voltage electric field and complicated stress field inside high-tension switch gear, to bear SF6 gas pressures
The mechanical functions such as the static pressure of impulsive force, center conductor and miscellaneous part in power, switchgear interrupting process.Voltage endurance capability is
The comprehensive embodiment of disc insulator mechanical performance, the insulator not enough for voltage endurance capability, the meeting when larger mechanical stress is born
Internally produce slight crack or air gap causes shelf depreciation, so as to greatly accelerate the aging of insulator.
The main component of high-tension switch gear disc insulator is epoxy resin, curing agent and alumina packing composition
Composite, curing degree is defined as the degree that resin in composite occurs curing cross-linking reaction, i.e., occur in resin matrix
Functional group's number of cross-linking reaction accounts for the percentage of curable functional group's sum.Curing degree is by insulating part modes of emplacement, heating
The impact of the factors such as equipment performance, cure stage and hardening time, the improper easy appearance of technical process control is solid in actual production
Change non-uniform phenomenon, wherein curing degree lower position is often the weak link of whole insulating part electric property and mechanical performance.
Differential scanning calorimetry is curing degree measuring method the more commonly used at present, and the principle of the method is：Curing reaction
Belong to exothermic reaction, thermal discharge number with the type of resin functionality, participate in quantity, the species of curing agent of reactive functionality
And its usage amount etc. is relevant.For the resin system that formula determines, curing reaction heat is certain, therefore, curing degree α can be used
Following formula is calculated：
Wherein, Δ H0It is the total amount of heat released when resin system is fully cured, unit J/g, Δ HRIt is to remain after solidification
Remaining reaction heat, unit J/g.The shortcoming of differential scanning calorimetry is that the method belongs to destructive detection means, is needed in measured piece
Detection zone in carry out destructive sampling, be not suitable for the performance test before high-volume finished parts dispatch from the factory.Simultaneously by sampling number
The restriction of amount, it is difficult to fully reflect the overall curing degree situation of large-scale disc insulator.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high-tension switch gear disc insulator curing degree lossless detection method and dress
Put, for solving the technical problem that large-scale disc insulator integrally curing degree lacks available nondestructiving detecting means.
To solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of high-tension switch gear is lossless with disc insulator curing degree
Detection method, including below scheme：
Method scheme one：Including
Step 1, to insulator to be measured ultrasonic pulse is launched；
Step 2, obtains insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal to be measured；
Step 3, to the ultrasonic reflections signal Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out, and calculates the ultrasonic reflections signal
Power spectrum；
Step 4, the peak value of the power spectrum is compared with relation storehouse, and then obtains the solidification of the insulator to be measured
Degree；The relation storehouse is to carry out the insulator solidification that ultrasonic test is obtained by the insulator test product different to various curing degrees
The corresponding relation of degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal.
Method scheme two：On the basis of method scheme one, method is averaged by repeated detection in step 2 to be measured to obtain
Insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal.
Method scheme three：On the basis of method scheme one or method scheme two, the step in the relation storehouse is obtained in step 4
Suddenly include：
(1) the uneven disc insulator detection sample of curing degree is obtained；
(2) ultrasonic pulse is launched to the disc insulator detection sample, obtains disc insulator detection sample and go to the bottom
Face ultrasonic reflections signal；
(3) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to the ultrasonic reflections signal, calculates the ultrasonic reflections signal
Power spectrum；
(4) curing degree of the disc insulator detection sample is measured using differential scanning calorimeter；
(5) according to the curing degree and the power spectrum of ultrasonic reflections signal of the disc insulator detection sample, set up exhausted
The relation storehouse of edge curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation.
Present invention also offers a kind of high-tension switch gear disc insulator curing degree the cannot-harm-detection device, including it is following
Scheme：
Device scheme one：Including
For launching insulator to be measured the unit of ultrasonic pulse；
For obtaining the unit of insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal to be measured；
For carrying out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the ultrasonic reflections signal, the ultrasonic reflections signal is calculated
The unit of power spectrum；
For the peak value of the power spectrum to be compared with relation storehouse, and then obtain the curing degree of the insulator to be measured
Unit；The relation storehouse is to carry out the insulator that ultrasonic test is obtained by the insulator test product different to various curing degrees
The corresponding relation of curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal.
Device scheme two：On the basis of device scheme one, for obtaining insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections letter to be measured
Number unit average method by repeated detection to obtain insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal to be measured.
Device scheme three：On the basis of device scheme one or device scheme two, for obtaining the dress in the relation storehouse
Put including：
For obtaining the unit of the uneven disc insulator detection sample of curing degree；
For launching ultrasonic pulse to the disc insulator detection sample, obtain disc insulator detection sample and go to the bottom
The unit of face ultrasonic reflections signal；
For carrying out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the ultrasonic reflections signal, the ultrasonic reflections signal is calculated
The unit of power spectrum；
For measuring the unit of the curing degree of the disc insulator detection sample using differential scanning calorimeter；
For according to the power spectrum of the curing degree of the disc insulator detection sample and ultrasonic reflections signal, setting up exhausted
The unit in the relation storehouse of edge curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：By obtaining insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal to be measured, and to the reflection
Signal carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and then calculates the power spectrum of ultrasonic reflections signal, compares insulator curing degree and absolutely
The relation storehouse of edge bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation, finally obtains the curing degree of insulator to be measured, real
The Non-Destructive Testing of existing disc insulator integrally curing degree, further increases the outgoing of large-scale disc insulator.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is disc insulator test position；
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of portable supersonic detecting system；
Fig. 3 is disc insulator detection sample upper surface and bottom surface back wave；
Fig. 4 is the FFT result of 4 various location bottom surface back waves of disc insulator detection sample；
Fig. 5 is the spectrum peak of 4 various location ultrasonic reflections ripples of disc insulator detection sample；
Fig. 6 is the curing degree measurement result of 4 various locations of disc insulator test specimen；
Fig. 7 is that the curing degree of 4 various locations of disc insulator detection sample is corresponding with spectrum peak mean value
Relation.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention will be further described in detail.
The high-tension switch gear embodiment of disc insulator curing degree lossless detection method：
First, the relation of insulator curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation is obtained
Storehouse, mainly includes the following steps that：
(1) the uneven disc insulator detection sample of curing degree is obtained.
In order to obtain different curing degree distributions in same disc insulator detection sample, by the way of being disposed vertically
1100kV disc insulator cast is carried out, the front view of the disc insulator detection sample of acquisition is as shown in Figure 1.Basin in FIG
In the position 1-4 of formula isolator detecting sample, position 1 is consolidation zone first, and subsequent consolidation zone is position 2 and position 3,
Position 4 is final curing region.Hardening time length is the key factor for affecting curing degree, does not change the bar of other influences factor
Under part, hardening time is longer, and the curing degree for obtaining sample is higher.Therefore, the curing degree highest of position 1, the curing degree of position 4 is most
It is low.
(2) ultrasonic pulse is launched to the disc insulator detection sample, obtains disc insulator detection sample and go to the bottom
Face ultrasonic reflections signal.
Corresponding ultrasonic measurement is carried out using the portable supersonic detecting system for building in the present embodiment, wherein this is just
The structure chart for taking formula ultrasonic wave detecting system is as shown in Figure 2.The set detecting system by Portable ultrasonic flaw detector, data wire,
Three-way connector, ultrasonic probe, couplant, digital oscilloscope, USB flash drive and computer composition.In the present embodiment just
Take formula supersonic detector 1 selection be GE companies of the U.S. production USM Go supersonic detectors, the model of ultrasonic probe
For the TDS2012C digital oscilloscopes that 2.5Z10N, digital oscilloscope are produced using Imtech of the U.S..A whole set of detection means into
This Payment control is within 50,000 yuan.To be realized between Portable ultrasonic flaw detector and three-way connector using data wire electric
Connection, one end of three-way connector passes through to realize electrical connection between data wire and ultrasonic probe, three-way connector it is another
End passes through to realize being electrically connected between data wire and digital oscilloscope, and couplant is applied into the to be detected of disc insulator test block
Position, is detected using ultrasonic probe to the position of daubing coupling agent in disc insulator test block.Using pulse reflection
Detection mode carries out cure degree measurement, and the transmission signal and reception signal of ultrasonic probe are sent to numeral by three-way connector
Oscillograph carries out waveform recording.Using USB flash drive the waveform signal that digital oscilloscope recorded is sent in computer
Row signal analysis.
Certainly, in the case where the ultrasonic measurement to quenching nozzle sample is capable of achieving, existing other may also be employed and surpasses
Acoustic wave sensing system.
Using above-mentioned portable supersonic detecting system to uneven disc insulator detection sample transmitting ultrasonic wave arteries and veins
Rush, detection sample upper surface and bottom surface back wave are as shown in Figure 3.
(3) the ultrasonic reflections signal to being obtained carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), calculates ultrasonic reflections signal
Power spectrum.
Because the signal of any shape may be expressed as the superposition of unlimited different frequency sinusoidal signal, mathematically use
Fourier sequences are represented.For the cycle is periodic signal f (t) of T, its Fourier sequence is
Wherein, a0、anAnd b0It is Fourier coefficient, fnFor the frequency of each harmonic.
For conventional ultrasonic signal, the transient signal of finite time is typically regarded as, its cycle T is intended to infinite
Greatly, i.e.,
The then definition of the Fourier transformation of f (t) is：
Wherein, F (w) is complex function, and its power spectrum is
Wherein, Re [F (w)] represents the real part of F (w), and Im [F (w)] represents the imaginary part of F (w).
The power spectrum of ultrasonic reflections signal can be calculated according to formula (1)～(4), Fig. 4 gives and benzvalene form is insulated
When 4 various locations of sub- detection sample carry out respectively 5 measurements, the fast Fourier of detection sample bottom surface reflection wave signal
The result of conversion (FFT).
Each reflection signal power spectrum peak in Fig. 4 is counted, and obtains the mean value of each peak value.Fig. 5 gives
The spectrum peak of the ultrasonic reflections signal obtained by the sampling of the various location 5 times of disc insulator detection sample 4, while giving
The mean value of the ultrasonic reflections signal power spectrum peak gone out at each position.
(4) curing degree of disc insulator detection sample is measured using differential scanning calorimeter.
The method destroyed using hydraulic pressure is destroyed to the disc insulator detection sample in Fig. 1, position 1- in FIG
Sampled respectively at 4, using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curing degree measurement is carried out, the curing degree measurement knot at the 1-4 of position
Fruit is as shown in Figure 6.
(5) according to the curing degree and the power of insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal of disc insulator detection sample
Spectrum, sets up the relation storehouse of insulator curing degree and the corresponding relation of insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal.
The disc insulator that curing degree measurement is obtained is carried out according in step (4) using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC)
Ultrasonic reflections signal power obtained in the curing degree measurement result and step (3) of 4 various locations of detection sample
The average of spectrum peak, obtains the curing degree and spectrum peak mean value of 4 various locations of disc insulator detection sample
Corresponding relation, as shown in Figure 7.Two lines in from Fig. 7, the curing degree of disc insulator detection sample position with
The variation tendency of spectrum peak is very approximate, therefore can be by setting up insulator curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic wave
Reflection signal power composes the relation storehouse of corresponding relation, when needing to measure the curing degree of disc insulator, it is only necessary to by ultrasonic wave
Reflection signal power spectrum peak is compared with relation storehouse, you can realize the nondestructive measurement of disc insulator curing degree.
In the present embodiment, 4 various locations of disc insulator detection sample only give respectively 5 sampled values, but
When actually setting up the relation storehouse of disc insulator curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation,
Need to carry out the disc insulator detection sample of multiple different curing degrees multiple repairing weld, and the curing degree species selected is more,
The sampling number of every kind of curing degree is more, the insulator curing degree set up and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal power
Information in the relation storehouse of the corresponding relation of spectrum is more complete and accurate.
Certainly, above-mentioned insulator curing degree also may be used with the corresponding relation of insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal
By table look-up or prior art in existing computing formula obtaining.
In addition, above-mentioned acquisition insulator curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation
Method is that ultrasound examination is first carried out to same disc insulator detection sample, then carry out differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) break
Bad property curing degree measurement.For the multiple disc insulator detection samples for being regarded as identical curing degree, it is also possible to therein
A part of sample carries out ultrasound examination, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) destructiveness curing degree is carried out to another part sample
Measurement, and then set up the relation storehouse of insulator curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation.
Insulator curing degree based on above-mentioned acquisition and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation
Relation storehouse, high-tension switch gear disc insulator curing degree uniformity lossless detection method specifically includes following steps：
Step 1, to insulator to be measured ultrasonic pulse is launched；
Step 2, obtains insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal to be measured；
Step 3, to ultrasonic reflections signal Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out, and calculates the power of ultrasonic reflections signal
Spectrum；
Step 4, the peak value of power spectrum is compared with relation storehouse, and then obtains the curing degree of insulator to be measured；Wherein
Relation storehouse be insulator curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation.
In order to improve the accuracy of measurement, method is averaged by repeated detection in step 2 different to obtain insulator to be measured
The ultrasonic reflections signal of lower surface at position.
The high-tension switch gear embodiment of disc insulator curing degree the cannot-harm-detection device：Including
For launching insulator to be measured the unit of ultrasonic pulse；
For obtaining the unit of insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal to be measured；
For carrying out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the ultrasonic reflections signal, the ultrasonic reflections signal is calculated
The unit of power spectrum；
For the peak value of the power spectrum to be compared with relation storehouse, and then obtain the curing degree of the insulator to be measured
Unit；The relation storehouse is to carry out the insulator that ultrasonic test is obtained by the insulator test product different to various curing degrees
The corresponding relation of curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal.
High-tension switch gear in present invention disc insulator curing degree the cannot-harm-detection device, is actually based on above-mentioned
A kind of high-tension switch gear computer solution of disc insulator curing degree lossless detection method, i.e., a kind of software structure
Frame, the software can be run in insulator cure degree measurement equipment.Due to the introduction to said method, sufficiently clear is complete
It is whole, therefore be no longer described in detail.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of high-tension switch gear disc insulator curing degree lossless detection method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, to insulator to be measured ultrasonic pulse is launched；
Step 2, obtains insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal to be measured；
Step 3, to the ultrasonic reflections signal Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out, and calculates the work(of the ultrasonic reflections signal
Rate is composed；
Step 4, the peak value of the power spectrum is compared with relation storehouse, and then obtains the curing degree of the insulator to be measured；
The relation storehouse is to carry out the insulator curing degree that ultrasonic test is obtained by the insulator test product different to various curing degrees
With the corresponding relation of insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal.
2. high-tension switch gear according to claim 1 disc insulator curing degree lossless detection method, its feature exists
In averaging method to obtain insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal to be measured by repeated detection in step 2.
3. high-tension switch gear according to claim 1 and 2 disc insulator curing degree lossless detection method, its feature
It is that the step of relation storehouse is obtained in step 4 includes：
(1) the uneven disc insulator detection sample of curing degree is obtained；
(2) ultrasonic pulse is launched to the disc insulator detection sample, obtains disc insulator detection sample bottom surface and surpass
Sound wave reflected signal；
(3) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to the ultrasonic reflections signal, calculates the power of the ultrasonic reflections signal
Spectrum；
(4) curing degree of the disc insulator detection sample is measured using differential scanning calorimeter；
(5) according to the curing degree and the power spectrum of ultrasonic reflections signal of the disc insulator detection sample, insulator is set up
The relation storehouse of curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation.
4. a kind of high-tension switch gear disc insulator curing degree the cannot-harm-detection device, it is characterised in that include
For launching insulator to be measured the unit of ultrasonic pulse；
For obtaining the unit of insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal to be measured；
For carrying out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the ultrasonic reflections signal, the power of the ultrasonic reflections signal is calculated
The unit of spectrum；
For the peak value of the power spectrum to be compared with relation storehouse, and then obtain the list of the curing degree of the insulator to be measured
Unit；The relation storehouse is to carry out the insulator solidification that ultrasonic test is obtained by the insulator test product different to various curing degrees
The corresponding relation of degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal.
5. high-tension switch gear according to claim 4 disc insulator curing degree the cannot-harm-detection device, its feature exists
In it is to be measured to obtain that the unit for obtaining insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal to be measured averages method by repeated detection
Insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections signal.
6. disc insulator curing degree the cannot-harm-detection device of the high-tension switch gear according to claim 4 or 5, its feature
It is that the device for obtaining the relation storehouse includes：
For obtaining the unit of the uneven disc insulator detection sample of curing degree；
For launching ultrasonic pulse to the disc insulator detection sample, obtain disc insulator detection sample bottom surface and surpass
The unit of sound wave reflected signal；
For carrying out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the ultrasonic reflections signal, the power of the ultrasonic reflections signal is calculated
The unit of spectrum；
For measuring the unit of the curing degree of the disc insulator detection sample using differential scanning calorimeter；
For according to the power spectrum of the curing degree of the disc insulator detection sample and ultrasonic reflections signal, setting up insulator
The unit in the relation storehouse of curing degree and insulator bottom surface ultrasonic reflections power spectrum signal corresponding relation.
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| CN201611047494.4A CN106645404B (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2016-11-23 | High-tension switch gear disc insulator curing degree lossless detection method and device |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111007340A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-14 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Method, system and equipment for diagnosing aging of silicone rubber of cable accessory |
| CN111060605A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-24 | 国家电网有限公司 | High-power ultrasonic detection device for basin-type insulator of transformer substation combined electrical apparatus |
| CN111122699A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-05-08 | 国家电网有限公司 | Ultrasonic flaw detection device for basin-type insulator of penetration type combined electrical apparatus |
| CN111812461A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-10-23 | 天津大学 | Three-post insulator latent defect detection method based on ultrasonic propagation characteristics |
| CN112630611A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 华南理工大学 | Test method for detecting uniformity of basin-type insulator by ultrasonic longitudinal wave reflection method |
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| CN111060605A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-24 | 国家电网有限公司 | High-power ultrasonic detection device for basin-type insulator of transformer substation combined electrical apparatus |
| CN111122699A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-05-08 | 国家电网有限公司 | Ultrasonic flaw detection device for basin-type insulator of penetration type combined electrical apparatus |
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| CN112630611A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-09 | 华南理工大学 | Test method for detecting uniformity of basin-type insulator by ultrasonic longitudinal wave reflection method |
| CN112630611B (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2022-04-22 | 华南理工大学 | Test method for detecting uniformity of basin-type insulator by ultrasonic longitudinal wave reflection method |
| CN114509110A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-17 | 西安理工大学 | Basin-type insulator stress monitoring system based on digital twinning technology |
| CN114509110B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-10-10 | 西安理工大学 | Basin-type insulator stress monitoring system based on digital twin technology |
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