CN109959477B - Internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method and system for GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block - Google Patents
Internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method and system for GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block Download PDFInfo
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- CN109959477B CN109959477B CN201910246754.8A CN201910246754A CN109959477B CN 109959477 B CN109959477 B CN 109959477B CN 201910246754 A CN201910246754 A CN 201910246754A CN 109959477 B CN109959477 B CN 109959477B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
Abstract
The invention provides a GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method, which comprises the following steps: (1) setting the epoxy test block into a cuboid; (2) compressing the epoxy test block, and recording a corresponding stress pressure value; (3) obtaining a waveform diagram of ultrasonic longitudinal waves corresponding to each stress loading passing through the epoxy test block; (4) calculating the acoustic time difference between the ultrasonic transmitting wave and the ultrasonic receiving wave to obtain the time required by the ultrasonic longitudinal wave corresponding to each stress loading in the epoxy test block; (5) measuring an ultrasonic sound path, and calculating the propagation speed of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in the epoxy test block; (6) drawing an internal stress-ultrasonic longitudinal wave fitting curve to obtain an acoustic elastic coefficient of the epoxy test block; (7) and searching to obtain an internal stress pressure value caused by mechanical stress loading. The invention can rapidly detect the internal stress pressure value of the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block without damage by utilizing the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of detection, in particular to an ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method and system for internal stress of an epoxy test block of a GIS basin-type insulator.
Background
Internal stress is stress that exists inside an object in an equilibrium state without an external force. At present, the internal stress testing method mainly comprises a mechanical testing method and a physical testing method. The mechanical measurement methods commonly used include drilling, ring core, and indentation. The physical measurement method for detecting the internal stress is to measure the internal stress by utilizing the physical properties of materials, and at present, an X-ray method, a photoelastic method, an ultrasonic method and the like are mainly used.
Mechanical measurements, such as the drilling method and the ring core method, damage the workpiece when detecting internal stress. The X-ray diffraction method is a nondestructive stress detection method, but the X-ray diffraction method can only be applied to measuring the internal stress of a crystalline material, and cannot be used for measuring a typical amorphous material such as epoxy resin. Photoelastic methods are only suitable for transparent photoelastic materials, and epoxy resins are usually doped with a large amount of alumina filler during casting, so that the photoelastic method cannot be used to measure the internal stress. The GIS basin-type insulator is an important insulating part in Gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (GIS for short), and plays a role in supporting, insulating and isolating a Gas chamber.
The ultrasonic method is an important nondestructive testing means due to the characteristics of strong penetrating power, good directivity, no harm to human bodies, no damage to tested objects, high measuring speed and the like. The ultrasonic method is based on the acoustoelastic theory, that is, the ultrasonic longitudinal wave and the internal stress are in a linear relationship.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for detecting internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal waves of an epoxy test block of a GIS basin-type insulator. When the ultrasonic waves are incident in the direction perpendicular to the stress direction, curve fitting of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity and the internal stress is completed according to an acoustoelastic formula in which the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity and the stress are in a linear relation, and the internal stress numerical value of the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block is obtained by measuring the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity and combining the internal stress and the fitting curve of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity. In the invention, the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block is simply called epoxy test block.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) setting the epoxy test block into a cuboid;
(2) increasing the pressure intensity to compress the epoxy test block, and recording the corresponding stress intensity value;
(3) obtaining a waveform diagram of ultrasonic longitudinal waves passing through the epoxy test block corresponding to each stress loading through an ultrasonic flaw detector;
(4) according to the obtained oscillogram, calculating the acoustic time difference between the ultrasonic transmitting wave and the ultrasonic receiving wave, and obtaining the time required by the ultrasonic longitudinal wave corresponding to each stress loading in the epoxy test block;
(5) measuring an ultrasonic sound path, and calculating the propagation speed of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in the epoxy test block according to an ultrasonic sound velocity formula;
(6) performing data fitting on the internal stress pressure and the ultrasonic longitudinal wave, drawing an internal stress-ultrasonic longitudinal wave fitting curve, and obtaining the acoustic elasticity coefficient of the epoxy test block according to the fitting curve and an acoustic elasticity formula;
(7) and searching to obtain an internal stress pressure value caused by mechanical stress loading according to the actually measured ultrasonic sound velocity value and the fitted internal stress-ultrasonic longitudinal wave fitting curve.
Specifically, the cuboid is 45mm long, 30mm wide and 35mm high.
Specifically, in the step (2), the pressure intensity of the epoxy test block is increased according to the stress gradient increment of 5MPa, and the pressure intensity is stopped when the pressure intensity is increased to 100 MPa.
Preferably, water is used as a coupling agent for contacting the ultrasonic probe of the ultrasonic flaw detector with the epoxy test block in the step (3).
Specifically, in the step (5), the ultrasonic sound path is the thickness of the epoxy test block along the ultrasonic propagation direction, and the thickness in the direction increases with the increase of the compression force; and measuring the elongation deformation quantity of the epoxy sample along the ultrasonic propagation direction by using a strain gauge.
Specifically, the ultrasonic sound velocity formula is as follows:
V＝L/t
wherein L represents the sound path of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave, and t represents the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the test block.
Specifically, the acoustic elastic formula is:
(V-V0)/V0＝kσ
wherein V represents the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity, V0The velocity of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in an unstressed state is represented, k represents an acoustic elastic coefficient, and sigma represents internal stress.
The invention also provides a system for detecting the internal stress of the epoxy test block by using the ultrasonic longitudinal wave.
An ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection system for the internal stress of an epoxy test block comprises a universal tensile testing machine pressurizing device, an ultrasonic flaw detector, an oscilloscope, a strain measuring instrument and a computer.
The universal tensile testing machine pressurizing device is used for compressing the epoxy test block and increasing the pressure intensity according to a certain stress gradient increment;
the ultrasonic flaw detector comprises an ultrasonic longitudinal wave transmitting probe and an ultrasonic longitudinal wave receiving probe, and is used for obtaining a oscillogram of ultrasonic longitudinal waves passing through an epoxy test block corresponding to each stress loading;
the oscilloscope is connected with the ultrasonic flaw detector and is used for collecting and analyzing ultrasonic waveforms;
the strain gauge measures the elongation deformation along the ultrasonic sound path through a strain gauge on an epoxy test block;
the computer is used for calculating the acoustic time difference between the ultrasonic transmitting wave and the ultrasonic receiving wave; calculating the propagation speed of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the epoxy test block; and performing data fitting on the internal stress pressure and the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity, and drawing an internal stress-ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity fitting curve.
Specifically, the ultrasonic flaw detector adopts a one-emitting-one-receiving mode, ultrasonic original emission waves are emitted by an emission probe and received by a receiving probe after passing through an epoxy sample, and the propagation direction of ultrasonic longitudinal waves is perpendicular to the stress applied by the universal tensile testing machine.
Specifically, since the amount of change in acoustic time due to stress is in the order of nanoseconds, an oscilloscope with a maximum sampling rate of 5GS/s is used.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can rapidly detect the internal stress pressure value of the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block without damage by utilizing the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method for internal stress of an epoxy test block in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection system for internal stress of an epoxy test block in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a propagation direction of longitudinal ultrasonic waves and a stress loading direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the internal stress-ultrasonic longitudinal velocity curve fit in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a flow chart of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method for internal stress of an epoxy test block is provided, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) setting the epoxy test block into a cuboid;
(2) increasing the pressure intensity to compress the epoxy test block, and recording the corresponding stress intensity value;
(3) obtaining a waveform diagram of ultrasonic longitudinal waves passing through the epoxy test block corresponding to each stress loading through an ultrasonic flaw detector;
(4) according to the obtained oscillogram, calculating the acoustic time difference between the ultrasonic transmitting wave and the ultrasonic receiving wave, and obtaining the time required by the ultrasonic longitudinal wave corresponding to each stress loading in the epoxy test block;
(5) measuring an ultrasonic sound path, and calculating the propagation speed of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in the epoxy test block according to an ultrasonic sound velocity formula;
(6) performing data fitting on the internal stress pressure and the ultrasonic longitudinal wave, drawing an internal stress-ultrasonic longitudinal wave fitting curve, and obtaining the acoustic elasticity coefficient of the epoxy test block according to the fitting curve and an acoustic elasticity formula;
(7) and searching to obtain an internal stress pressure value caused by mechanical stress loading according to the actually measured ultrasonic sound velocity value and the fitted internal stress-ultrasonic longitudinal wave fitting curve.
The cuboid is as shown in figure 3, and has a length of 45mm, a width of 30mm and a height of 35 mm.
Specifically, in the step (2), the pressure intensity of the epoxy test block is increased according to the stress gradient increment of 5MPa, and the pressure intensity is stopped when the pressure intensity is increased to 100 MPa.
Preferably, water is used as a coupling agent for contacting the ultrasonic probe of the ultrasonic flaw detector with the epoxy test block in the step (3).
Specifically, in the step (5), the amount of tensile deformation of the epoxy sample along the ultrasonic propagation direction is measured by using a strain gauge.
Specifically, the ultrasonic sound velocity formula is as follows:
V＝L/t
wherein L represents the sound path of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave, and t represents the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the test block.
Specifically, the acoustic elastic formula is:
(V-V0)/V0＝kσ
wherein V represents the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity, V0The velocity of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in an unstressed state is represented, k represents an acoustic elastic coefficient, and sigma represents internal stress.
In the present embodiment, the fitting curve of the internal stress to the sound velocity of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave is obtained as shown in fig. 4.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection system for internal stress of an epoxy test block, which comprises a universal tensile testing machine pressurizing device, an ultrasonic flaw detector, an oscilloscope and a computer.
The universal tensile testing machine pressurizing device is used for compressing the epoxy test block and increasing the pressure intensity according to a certain stress gradient increment;
the ultrasonic flaw detector comprises an ultrasonic longitudinal wave transmitting probe and an ultrasonic longitudinal wave receiving probe, and is used for obtaining a oscillogram of ultrasonic longitudinal waves passing through an epoxy test block corresponding to each stress loading;
the oscilloscope is connected with the ultrasonic flaw detector and is used for collecting and analyzing ultrasonic waveforms;
the strain gauge measures the amount of elongation deformation along the ultrasonic sound path through a strain gauge on an epoxy test block.
The computer is used for calculating the acoustic time difference between the ultrasonic transmitting wave and the ultrasonic receiving wave; calculating the propagation speed of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the epoxy test block; and performing data fitting on the internal stress pressure and the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity, and drawing an internal stress-ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity fitting curve.
Specifically, the ultrasonic flaw detector adopts a one-emitting-one-receiving mode, ultrasonic original emission waves are emitted by an emission probe and received by a receiving probe after passing through an epoxy sample, and the propagation direction of ultrasonic longitudinal waves is perpendicular to the stress applied by the universal tensile testing machine.
Specifically, since the amount of change in acoustic time due to stress is in the order of nanoseconds, an oscilloscope with a maximum sampling rate of 5GS/s is used.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) setting the epoxy test block into a cuboid;
(2) increasing the pressure to compress the epoxy test block, and recording a pressure value corresponding to the increase of the pressure;
(3) obtaining a waveform diagram of ultrasonic longitudinal waves passing through the epoxy test block corresponding to each pressure loading through the ultrasonic flaw detector;
(4) measuring the time interval between the ultrasonic transmitting wave crest and the ultrasonic receiving wave crest according to the obtained oscillogram, and obtaining the time required by the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the epoxy test block during each pressure loading;
(5) measuring the sound path of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave, and calculating the propagation speed of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the epoxy test block according to an ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity formula;
(6) performing data fitting on the stress and the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity, drawing a stress-ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity fitting curve, and obtaining the acoustic elasticity coefficient of the epoxy test block according to the fitting curve and an acoustic elasticity formula;
the acoustic elastic formula is:
(V-V0)/V0＝kσ
wherein V represents the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity, V0Representing the sound velocity of ultrasonic longitudinal waves in an unstressed state, k representing an acoustic elastic coefficient, and sigma representing stress;
(7) and searching to obtain the stress caused by mechanical pressure loading according to the actually measured ultrasonic sound velocity value and the stress-ultrasonic longitudinal wave fitting curve.
2. The method for detecting the internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave of the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block according to claim 1, wherein the cuboid is 45mm long, 30mm wide and 35mm high.
3. The method for detecting the stress in the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block by the ultrasonic longitudinal waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the pressure of the pressure applied to the epoxy test block is increased by a pressure gradient increment of 5MPa, and the pressure is stopped when the pressure is increased to 100 MPa.
4. The method for detecting the internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave of the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block according to claim 1, wherein water is used as a coupling agent for the contact between an ultrasonic probe of an ultrasonic flaw detector and the epoxy test block in the step (3).
5. The method for detecting the internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave of the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), a strain gauge is adopted to measure the tensile deformation of the epoxy test block along the propagation direction of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave.
6. The method for detecting the internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave of the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity formula is as follows:
V＝L/t
wherein L represents the sound path of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave, and t represents the propagation time of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the test block.
7. A system for realizing the internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave detection method of the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block in any one of claims 1-6 is characterized by comprising a universal tensile testing machine pressurizing device, an ultrasonic flaw detector, an oscilloscope, a strain gauge and a computer;
the universal tensile testing machine pressurizing device is used for compressing the epoxy test block and increasing the pressure of the applied pressure according to a certain pressure gradient increment;
the ultrasonic flaw detector comprises an ultrasonic longitudinal wave transmitting probe and an ultrasonic longitudinal wave receiving probe, and is used for obtaining a waveform diagram of ultrasonic longitudinal waves which are loaded corresponding to each pressure and pass through an epoxy test block;
the oscilloscope is connected with the ultrasonic flaw detector and is used for collecting and analyzing ultrasonic waveforms;
the strain gauge measures the elongation deformation along the ultrasonic sound path through a strain gauge on an epoxy test block;
the computer is used for calculating the acoustic time difference between the ultrasonic transmitting wave and the ultrasonic receiving wave; calculating the propagation speed of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the epoxy test block; and performing data fitting on the stress and the ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity, and drawing a stress-ultrasonic longitudinal wave sound velocity fitting curve.
8. The system for detecting the internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave of the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonic flaw detector adopts a transmitting-receiving mode, ultrasonic transmitting waves are transmitted by a transmitting probe and received by a receiving probe after passing through the epoxy test block, and the propagation direction of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave is perpendicular to the pressure direction applied by a universal tensile testing machine.
9. The system for detecting the internal stress ultrasonic longitudinal wave of the GIS basin-type insulator epoxy test block according to claim 7, wherein an oscilloscope with the maximum sampling rate of 5GS/s is adopted.
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