CN106645082B - Gated fiber Raman spectrometer based on automatic focusing of laser ranging - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gated fiber Raman spectrometer based on laser ranging automatic focusing, which comprises a laser detection system, a Raman scattering light collection system and a signal triggering delay and data processing control system, wherein the Raman scattering light collection system comprises a laser detection system, a Raman scattering light collection system and a signal triggering delay and data processing control system; the fiber Raman spectrometer consists of a pulse laser, a circulator, a first collimator, a reflecting prism, a dichroic color separation prism, a photoelectric detector telescopic lens system, a second collimator, an optical filter and a gate control spectrometer. The invention can realize direct and rapid detection within a certain distance; whether the laser spot irradiates on an object can be automatically judged through the photoelectric detector, and automatic delay control is realized; the automatic focusing is quickly realized through an electric control focusing device of the telescopic lens system; meanwhile, optical fiber transmission is adopted, so that the mechanical stability and reliability of the equipment are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spectral measurement, in particular to a gated fiber Raman spectrometer based on laser ranging automatic focusing.
Background
The raman line was first discovered by indian physicist raman 1928 when studying liquid benzene scattering, and is a scattering spectrum. When light is irradiated on an object, part of the light is subjected to inelastic scattering, and the scattered light has components with frequencies higher and lower than the frequency of the incident light besides the same elastic component as the incident light (Rayleigh scattering), wherein the component with the lower frequency is called a Stokes line, the component with the higher frequency is called an anti-Stokes line, and the frequency division ratio of the two components is symmetrically distributed on two sides of the frequency of the exciting light.
The raman effect is primarily a result of the interaction of optical phonons in the lattice with the excitation light source by molecular vibrations. When a photon interacts with a molecule, the molecule enters an unstable virtual energy state after absorbing the photon, then the molecule can quickly emit the photon, at this time, if the vibration or rotation energy level of the molecule is higher than the initial energy level, the frequency of the emitted photon is lower than that of the original photon, which is called stokes light, otherwise, if the vibration or rotation energy level of the molecule is lower than the initial energy level, the energy of the photon is increased, the frequency is increased, which is called anti-stokes light, and the regular change of the photon frequency is recorded by a Raman spectrometer, which is called Raman spectrum.
These spectrometers currently require either the sample to be placed in a well-defined sample chamber or the probe to be in close proximity to the sample in order to collect sufficiently intense raman scattered light. This form of close proximity measurement greatly limits the use of the device. For example, in the case that the raman spectrometer cannot rapidly obtain mineral components in a certain area like an infrared imaging spectrometer, if the raman spectrometer is used on an alien lander or a rover for analyzing the material components on the surface of a celestial body, an additional manipulator needs to be arranged to place a sample in a sample chamber, which increases the operation difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gated fiber Raman spectrometer based on laser ranging automatic focusing, and aims to improve the utilization rate and signal-to-noise ratio of the Raman spectrometer and realize long-distance non-sampling detection by using a long-distance Raman spectrometer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a gate-controlled fiber Raman spectrometer based on laser ranging automatic focusing comprises a laser detection system, a Raman scattering light collection system and a signal triggering delay and data processing control system.
The laser detection system comprises a laser emission detection system and a laser reflection detection system.
The laser emission detection system comprises a pulse laser, a circulator, a first collimator, a reflecting prism and a dichroic color separation prism.
The laser reflection system is a reverse system of the laser emission system, and comprises the pulse laser, the circulator, the first collimator, the reflection prism, the dichroic prism and the photoelectric detector.
The Raman scattering light collection system comprises the dichroic color separation prism, a telescopic lens system, a second collimator, an optical filter and a gate-controlled spectrometer.
Preferably, the circulator is a three-port circulator, and the optical fiber is a special single-mode optical fiber which is low in visible light loss and is optimally designed.
The pulse laser and the first collimator are respectively connected with the circulator through optical fibers, the reflecting prism and the first collimator are arranged in the reflecting direction of the dichroic color separation prism along the light path, and the reflecting prism and the first collimator are arranged in parallel relatively.
The sample, the telescopic lens system, the optical filter and the second collimator are sequentially arranged in the transmission direction of the dichroic color separation prism along the optical path; the gated spectrometer is connected with the second collimator through an optical fiber.
The pulse laser device is provided with a laser pulse trigger, the photoelectric detector is connected with the circulator through an optical fiber, the telescope lens system is provided with an electric control focusing device, and the laser pulse trigger, the photoelectric detector, the electric control focusing device and the gate control spectrometer are respectively connected with the data processing control system through a serial bus.
Preferably, the gated spectrometer can be a fiber-gated spectrometer based on a fiber F-P tunable filter scan, a gated spectrometer based on grating dispersion, or a gated spectrometer based on spatial Fourier transform.
Preferably, the reflection prism and the dichroic prism may be separately installed or may be installed in combination to achieve reflection or transmission of the laser beam.
Preferably, the dichroic color separation prism can be a specially-made coated prism or an assembled light splitting system; the reflecting prism is a high reflecting mirror with 99% of a coating film on the surface, and the reflecting prism is a primary isosceles right-angle prism.
A range finding method of a gated fiber Raman spectrometer based on laser range finding automatic focusing comprises the following steps:
1) the pulse laser emits ns-magnitude pulse laser, sequentially passes through the first collimator and the reflecting prism through the circulator, and simultaneously emits a trigger electric signal;
2) the laser beam is reflected by the reflecting prism, enters the dichroic color separation prism, is reflected again by the dichroic color separation prism, and has the same direction as the laser beam emitted by the first collimator in parallel;
3) the laser beam reaches the surface of a sample to be reflected and scattered, part of Rayleigh scattered light and reflected light enter the circulator along the original light path and are detected by the photoelectric detector through the circulator, if the reflected light cannot be detected by the detector, the light spot of the pulse laser is not aligned to the surface of an object to be detected, and the direction of equipment needs to be adjusted; if the reflected light is detected, the data processing system records the time of reaching the photoelectric detector, obtains a delay reference signal for starting the gate control spectrometer by comparing the time of reaching the triggering signal, and starts the gate control spectrometer when the next laser pulse is generated;
4) part of Raman scattering light is transmitted into a telescope lens system through a dichroic prism, collected through a front-end objective lens and converged to an optical filter through a rear-end objective lens, part of Rayleigh scattering light and reflected light are removed by the optical filter, and the remaining Raman scattering light is converged to a second collimator and transmitted to a gate control spectrometer through an optical fiber;
5) calculating the distance between an object to be measured and the gate-controlled spectrometer by using the delay time, thereby adjusting the position of a lens in a telescopic lens system and realizing an automatic focusing function;
6) the opening of the gated spectrometer is determined by the delay time in the step 3), and the opening time is determined by the pulse width of the pulse laser;
7) after the read-out signal of the spectrometer is processed and arranged by the data processing control system, whether the pulse signal of more times is needed or not is judged.
The light path of the laser emission detection system is that laser beams enter a first collimator, the laser beams are converted into parallel light, the parallel light enters a primary isosceles right-angle reflecting prism, the parallel light enters a dichroic color separation prism after being reflected by the reflecting prism, the laser beams are reflected by the dichroic color separation prism, the laser beams rotate 90 degrees anticlockwise and are parallel and in the same direction as the laser beams emitted by the first collimator, and the laser beams emitted by the dichroic color separation prism reach a sample.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: under the condition of no need of sampling, the gated optical fiber Raman spectrometer based on laser ranging automatic focusing can realize direct and rapid detection within a certain distance; whether the laser spot irradiates on an object can be automatically judged through the photoelectric detector, and automatic delay control is realized; the automatic focusing is quickly realized through an electric control focusing device of the telescopic lens system; a coaxial system is adopted, so that light entering a telescope lens system for imaging is emitted from a sample irradiated by laser, and the situation that scattered light cannot be correctly collected due to inconsistency of a laser light path and a collection light path is avoided; meanwhile, optical fiber transmission is adopted, so that the mechanical stability and reliability of the equipment are greatly improved.
Drawings
Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gated fiber Raman spectrometer based on laser ranging auto-focusing according to the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the gated fiber raman spectrometer based on laser ranging autofocus.
Detailed Description
The objects and functions of the present invention and methods for accomplishing the same will be apparent by reference to the exemplary embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed below; it can be implemented in different forms. The nature of the description is merely to assist those skilled in the relevant art in a comprehensive understanding of the specific details of the invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts, or the same or similar steps.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gated fiber raman spectrometer based on laser ranging auto-focusing according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the gated fiber raman spectrometer based on laser ranging and automatic focusing includes a pulse laser 101, a laser pulse trigger 102, a circulator 103, a first collimator 104, a reflection prism 105, a dichroic prism 106, a sample 107, a telescopic lens system 108, a filter 109, a second collimator 115, a gated spectrometer 110, a data processing system 111, a photodetector 112, an optical fiber 113, and an electronically controlled focusing device 114.
The circulator 103 is a three-port circulator, and the pulse laser 101, the first collimator 104 and the photoelectric detector 112 are respectively connected with the port 1, the port 2 and the port 3 of the circulator 103 through optical fibers.
The front end of the telescopic lens system 108 is used for collecting scattered light, the rear end is used for converging the scattered light, and the telescopic lens system 108 can be realized by connecting a lens matched with the light speed at the rear end of a telescope.
The pulse laser 101 is provided with a laser pulse trigger 102, the rear end of the telescopic lens system 108 is provided with an electronic control focusing device 114, and the laser pulse trigger 102, the electronic control focusing device 114, the photoelectric detector 112 and the gated spectrometer 110 are connected with a data processing system through a serial bus.
The optical fiber is a special single-mode optical fiber which is optimally designed and has small visible light loss.
The sample, the telescopic lens system, the optical filter and the second collimator are sequentially arranged in the transmission direction of the dichroic color separation prism along the optical path; the reflection prism and the first collimator are sequentially arranged in the reflection direction of the dichroic color separation prism along the light path.
The gated spectrometer can be a fiber-gated spectrometer based on the scanning surface of a fiber F-P tunable filter, a gated spectrometer based on grating dispersion, or a gated spectrometer based on spatial Fourier transform.
The dichroic color separation prism can be a specially-made coated prism or an assembled light splitting system; the reflecting prism is a high reflecting mirror with 99% of a coating film on the surface, and the reflecting prism is a primary isosceles right-angle prism.
Example 1
A gated fiber Raman spectrometer based on laser ranging automatic focusing comprises a laser detection system, a Raman scattering light collection system and a signal triggering delay and data processing control system.
Laser detection systems are divided into laser emission detection systems and laser emission detection systems.
The laser emission detection system consists of a pulse laser 101, a circulator 103, a first collimator 104, a reflecting prism 105, a dichroic prism 106 and a sample 107; the pulse laser 101 emits a ns-order laser beam, the laser beam enters a port 1 of a circulator 103, a laser beam at a port 2 of the circulator 103 enters a first collimator 104 to change the laser beam into parallel light, the parallel light enters a reflecting prism 105, the laser beam rotates clockwise by 90 degrees in the propagation direction of the laser beam through the reflecting prism 105 to enter a dichroic prism 106, the laser beam rotates counterclockwise by 90 degrees in the propagation direction of the laser beam through the dichroic prism 106, the laser beam is parallel and in the same direction as the laser beam emitted by the first collimator 104, and the laser beam emitted by the dichroic prism 106 reaches a sample 107.
The laser reflection detection system consists of a sample 107, a dichroic prism 106, a reflecting prism 105, a first collimator 104, a circulator 103 and a photoelectric detector 112; the laser beam is reflected and scattered after reaching the surface of the sample 107, wherein part of the rayleigh scattered light and the reflected light is returned along the original optical path. Part of the rayleigh scattered light and the reflected light reach port 2 of circulator 103 along dichroic prism 106, reflecting prism 105, first collimator 104, and the laser light at port 3 of circulator 103 is detected by photodetector 112 connected to port 3 of circulator 103.
The raman scattered light collection system consists of a sample 107, a dichroic prism 106, a telescopic lens system 108, an optical filter 109, a second collimator 115 and a gated spectrometer 110; raman scattered light emitted from the sample 107 is transmitted through the dichroic prism 106 to reach the telescopic lens system 108, is collected by the front objective lens and collected by the rear objective lens of the telescopic lens system 108, laser beams are collected by the second collimator 115, rayleigh scattered light and reflected laser beams are removed by the optical filter 109 arranged between the second collimator 115 and the telescopic transmission system 108, and the remaining raman scattered light is transmitted to the gated spectrometer 110 through the optical fiber 113.
YAG laser, the pulse width is 8-10ns, the single pulse energy is 20-100mJ, the repetition frequency is 10-100 Hz; the reflecting prism 105 is a primary isosceles right-angle prism.
In this embodiment, a gated fiber raman spectrometer method based on laser ranging auto-focusing includes the following steps:
1) YAG laser 101 sends out pulse laser with pulse width of 8-10ns under active electro-optical modulation Q modulation, the laser wavelength is 532nm, the frequency is 10Hz, the laser pulse trigger 102 can output a trigger electric signal when sending out pulse;
2) the laser pulse is coupled to a port 1 on the circulator 103 through an optical fiber, and is output through a port 2 of the circulator 103 and then reaches a first collimator 104 through the optical fiber;
3) laser pulses form a spatial light path after emitting parallel light from the first collimator 104, the spatial light path reaches the primary isosceles right-angle prism 105, and the light path rotates 90 degrees clockwise;
4) the laser pulse reaches dichroic prism 106, which reflects light with a wavelength of less than 535nm and transmits light with a wavelength of more than 535nm, so that the laser pulse reaches dichroic prism 106 and reflects, at which time the light path is rotated 90 ° counterclockwise, at which time the light path direction is parallel and in the same direction as the original direction.
5) When a laser pulse is irradiated to the sample 107, the laser light is scattered and reflected on the surface, and a part of the scattered light and the reflected light returns to the dichroic prism 106 through the original path, wherein the rayleigh scattered light and the reflected light are reflected by the dichroic prism 106 into the primary isosceles right-angle prism 105 because the wavelength thereof is less than 535 nm; the raman scattered light, having a wavelength of more than 535nm, enters dichroic prism 106 and then enters telescopic lens system 108.
6) The rayleigh scattered light and the reflected light are reflected by the first isosceles right prism 105, collected by the first collimator 104, coupled into the optical fiber and then reach the port 2 of the circulator 103, and the light passes through the port 3 and is detected by the photodetector 112. The signal intensity exceeds a certain value, the signal intensity can be used for starting the gated spectrometer 110, and in addition, the time difference between the arrival time of the reflected light and the pulse electrical signal sent by the laser pulse trigger 102 can be used as reference delay time, which means that the gated spectrometer 110 starts to respond after a period of delay after the laser pulse is sent out, so that the signal light can be fully received, and the accumulated absorption of background light is avoided.
7) Ranging is achieved with a delay time and the lenses in the telephoto lens system 108 are automatically focused by the data control system 111 and the electronically controlled focusing device 114.
8) The raman scattered light reaches dichroic prism 106, and then is transmitted into telescope lens system 108, collected by the front high power objective lens, and then converged into parallel light by the rear objective lens, and after the reflected light and the rayleigh scattered light are filtered by filter 109, the parallel light enters second collimator 115, and enters gated spectrometer 110 through optical fiber 113.
9) The gated spectrometer 110 is always off when there is no start signal, only the detection signal generated by the reflected light in step 6) can be used to start the spectrometer, and the CCD in the spectrometer starts to receive signals when the raman scattered light arrives, the on-time of the spectrometer is determined by the laser pulse width and is set to 10 ns.
10) The spectrum read from the spectrometer is fed back to the data processing control system 111, the signal-to-noise ratio is obtained through calculation, if the signal-to-noise ratio is too low, a command to be detected is further sent, the pulse laser 101 continues to send pulses, the CCD is started to receive signals after the same delay time, the data is fused with the previously obtained data through the data processing control system, a new signal-to-noise ratio is obtained, the process is circulated until the signal-to-noise ratio exceeds a preset value, and finally the data processing control system sends a command for closing the laser and the spectrometer.
Example 2
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a gated fiber raman spectrometer embodiment 2 based on laser ranging auto-focusing of the present invention. This example differs from example 1 in that: the reflection prism 105 and the dichroic prism 106 are changed. As shown in fig. 2, the reflecting prism is at an angle of 45 ° to the first collimator in this embodiment, and the dichroic prism is disposed opposite to and parallel to the reflecting prism in the longitudinal direction.
The prism group 201 may also be positioned such that the reflecting prism and the first collimator form an included angle of 45 °, and the dichroic prism is disposed vertically opposite to the reflecting prism in the longitudinal direction; the reflecting prism and the dichroic color separation prism can be separately arranged, and two groups of prisms can be combined and arranged to realize the reflection or transmission of the laser beam.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A range finding method of a gated fiber Raman spectrometer based on laser range finding automatic focusing is characterized in that the gated fiber Raman spectrometer based on laser range finding automatic focusing comprises a laser detection system, a Raman scattering light collection system and a signal triggering delay and data processing control system;
the laser detection system comprises a laser emission detection system and a laser reflection detection system;
the laser emission detection system comprises a pulse laser, a circulator, a first collimator, a reflecting prism and a dichroic color separation prism;
the laser reflection system is a reverse system of the laser emission system, and comprises the pulse laser, a circulator, a first collimator, a reflection prism and a photoelectric detector;
the Raman scattering light collection system comprises the dichroic color separation prism, a telescopic lens system, a second collimator, an optical filter and a gate-controlled spectrometer;
the pulse laser and the first collimator are respectively connected with the circulator through optical fibers, and the reflecting prism and the first collimator are arranged in the reflecting direction of the dichroic color separation prism along the optical path;
the telescope lens system, the optical filter and the second collimator are sequentially arranged in the transmission direction of the dichroic color separation prism along the optical path; the gated spectrometer is connected with the second collimator through an optical fiber;
the pulse laser is provided with a laser pulse trigger, the photoelectric detector is connected with the circulator through an optical fiber, and the telescope lens system is provided with an electric control focusing device;
the laser pulse trigger, the photoelectric detector, the electric control focusing device and the gate control spectrometer are respectively connected with the data processing control system through a serial bus;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) the pulse laser emits ns-magnitude pulse laser, sequentially passes through the first collimator and the reflecting prism through the circulator, and simultaneously emits a trigger electric signal;
2) the laser beam is reflected by the reflecting prism, enters the dichroic color separation prism, is reflected again by the dichroic color separation prism, and has the same direction as the laser beam transmitted by the first collimator in the parallel direction;
3) the laser beam reaches the surface of the sample to be reflected and scattered, part of Rayleigh scattered light and reflected light can enter the circulator along the original light path and is detected by the photoelectric detector through the circulator, and if the reflected light cannot be detected by the detector, the direction of the equipment is adjusted; if the reflected light is detected, the data processing system records the time of reaching the photoelectric detector, obtains a delay reference signal for starting the gate control spectrometer by comparing the time of reaching the triggering signal, and starts the gate control spectrometer when the next laser pulse is generated;
4) part of Raman scattering light is transmitted into a telescope lens system through a dichroic prism, collected through a front-end objective lens and converged to an optical filter through a rear-end objective lens, part of Rayleigh scattering light and reflected light are removed by the optical filter, and the remaining Raman scattering light is converged to a second collimator and transmitted to a gate control spectrometer through an optical fiber;
5) calculating the distance between an object to be measured and the gate-controlled spectrometer by using the delay time, and adjusting the position of a lens in a telescopic lens system by using a data control system and an electric control focusing device to realize automatic focusing;
6) the opening of the gated spectrometer is determined by the delay time in the step 3), and the opening time is determined by the pulse width of the pulse laser;
7) and after the read-out signal of the gate-controlled spectrometer is processed and arranged by the data processing control system, judging whether more times of pulse signals are needed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the circulator is a three-port circulator and the optical fiber is a single mode fiber.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reflecting prism and the first collimator are disposed in parallel with respect to each other.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gated spectrometer can be a fiber-gated spectrometer based on fiber F-P tunable filter scanning, a gated spectrometer based on grating dispersion, or a gated spectrometer based on spatial Fourier transform.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dichroic prism can be a specially-made coated prism or an assembled beam splitting system; the reflecting prism is a primary isosceles right-angle prism with 99% of surface coating.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the reflecting prism and the dichroic prism can be mounted separately or in combination.
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