CN106645019A - Method for quick determination of effective phosphorus content in corn for poultry feeding and application of such method - Google Patents
Method for quick determination of effective phosphorus content in corn for poultry feeding and application of such method Download PDFInfo
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000732800 Cymbidium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000036314 physical performance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021316 daily nutritional intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021321 essential mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004858 feed analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008979 phosphorus utilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000007442 rickets Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of feed determination, in particular to a method for quick determination of effective phosphorus content in corn for poultry feeding and application of such method. The method includes establishing a quantitative model between a near-infrared spectrum with a characteristic wave band 950-1650 nm in length and effective phosphorus content in corn based on a near-infrared spectrum technology, scanning a near-infrared spectrum with a characteristic wave band of a sample to be determined, and importing the near-infrared spectrum into the quantitative model so as to obtain the effective phosphorus content of the sample to be determined. The method has the advantages that the method is capable of determining the effective phosphorus content in the corn for poultry feeding rapidly and accurately, and the effective phosphorus content is used as a poultry feed preparation index, so that feed mixing accuracy can be guaranteed, feed transformation efficiency is improved effectively, feed waste is reduced, broiler production performance can be given to full play, and breeding cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed detection, in particular to a method for rapidly determining the content of available phosphorus in corn for feeding poultry and application thereof.
Background
Phosphorus is one of essential mineral elements for poultry, and serious phosphorus deficiency in feed is manifested by low production performance, rickets in young animals and malacia (also called osteoporosis) in adult animals. The phosphorus requirements of poultry are usually expressed in terms of Total Phosphorus (TP), non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and Available Phosphorus (AP) (NRC, 1994; chicken feeding standards, 2004). It was previously thought that 1/3 of total phosphorus in vegetable material was NPP, and 2/3 was phytate phosphorus that could not be utilized by monogastric animals, so NPP was simply equated with available phosphorus (NRC, 1994). However, studies of some scholars have proved that animals can utilize phytate phosphorus to some extent, the utilization rate of phytate phosphorus varies greatly according to different raw material types, the variation of the utilization rate of phytate phosphorus in plant-derived feed raw materials of animals is related to factors such as experimental design, research method, feed raw materials and nutritional composition, processing process, analysis method, day age and species of animals, and non-phytate phosphorus measured in laboratories cannot be completely utilized by animals. Therefore, the total phosphorus and the non-phytate phosphorus cannot truly reflect the valence of phosphorus in the feed raw materials, and with the accumulation of research work, the available phosphorus inevitably replaces the non-phytate phosphorus to serve as an index for evaluating the phosphorus utilization rate.
In view of the above, research and development of a method for simply, conveniently, quickly and accurately evaluating the available phosphorus in corn, which can be applied to poultry feed production, has important significance for realizing precise poultry feeding and efficient feed raw material utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for rapidly determining the content of available phosphorus in corn for feeding poultry, so that the content of available phosphorus in corn for feeding poultry can be rapidly and accurately determined, the accuracy of feed preparation is improved, phosphorus pollution is reduced, and the feed cost is saved.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides application of the method for rapidly determining the content of available phosphorus in the corn for feeding poultry in the aspect of controlling the phosphorus content in the corn daily feed for poultry.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for rapidly determining the content of available phosphorus in corn for feeding poultry comprises the following operation steps:
1) taking a standard corn sample with known effective phosphorus content, carrying out near infrared spectrum scanning, and collecting spectrum information in a range of 950-1650 nm of the corn;
2) after preprocessing the spectral information, correlating the spectral information with the effective phosphorus content of a standard corn sample with known effective phosphorus content by using chemometrics software, and establishing a quantitative model between the near infrared spectrum and the corn effective phosphorus content by using a partial least square method;
3) and (3) performing near infrared spectrum scanning on the corn sample to be detected, collecting spectrum information in a range of 950-1650 nm of the corn, preprocessing the spectrum information, and introducing the processed near infrared spectrum information of the corn sample to be detected into the quantitative model established in the step 2) to obtain the effective phosphorus content of the corn sample to be detected.
Further, the light source for near infrared spectrum scanning in the step 1) and the step 3) is a mercury lamp; the reference light source is a halogen tungsten lamp; a silicon detector is adopted in the wavelength range of 950-1100 nm, a diode array detector is adopted in the wavelength range of 110-1650 nm, the wavelength precision is less than or equal to 0.3nm, and the wavelength stability is less than or equal to 0.2 nm/a; the scanning environment requires: the temperature is 2-40 ℃, and the relative humidity is 0-85%.
Further, in order to prevent the sample from mildewing and influencing spectrum collection, the collected sample is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, the sample is placed in a normal temperature environment for balancing temperature 24 hours in advance before being scanned, and the sample is preheated for 1 hour after being scanned and started.
Further, the near infrared spectrum information is preprocessed by a first derivative method and a multivariate scattering correction method in the steps 2) and 3).
Further, the step 2) also comprises the step of evaluating the prediction performance of the established quantitative model, and the evaluation parameters mainly comprise a quantitative model decision coefficient R2cal, corrected RMS deviation RMESS, verified RMS deviation RMSEP, and verification determination coefficient R2val, the number of principal components Ranks, and the average deviation Bias; screening to obtain R2cal and R2val is close to 1, the smaller and closer the RMESS and RMSEP are.
The specific method for evaluating the prediction performance of the quantitative model established in the step 2) is to adopt interactive leave-one verification, namely, one sample is removed from a standard corn sample with known effective phosphorus content, a mathematical model is established by using the rest other samples, the concentration of the component to be detected in the removed sample is predicted by using the established model, and the prediction effect of the model is evaluated.
Wherein R is2Fitting ability of cal reaction model, R2The closer cal is to 1, the better the model fit, which is calculated as
Wherein: y ism-average of actual measurements of the sample; y isi-the actual measurement of the ith sample;-using the predicted value of the ith sample of the established near infrared spectrum quantitative model;
the RMSEE calculation formula is:
wherein,-average of actual measurements of the sample.
RMSEP indicates the degree of similarity between the near-infrared predicted value and the actual measured value, and the lower the value, the higher the accuracy. The calculation formula is as follows:
the average deviation is the system deviation of the actual measured value and the near-infrared predicted value, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: di-the difference between the actual and predicted value for the ith sample.
Further, the effective phosphorus content in the standard corn sample is measured by a strong feeding method and is used as the known effective phosphorus content of the standard corn sample, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
a: selecting a plurality of healthy cymbidium brown cocks with the weight of more than 1.8kg, similar weight, normal ingestion, no abnormal reaction after forced feeding and no strange nodules, feeding the cocks in a single cage at the feeding temperature of 15-27 ℃, with the illumination intensity of 20Lx and the illumination time of 16 hours every day, and freely drinking water and fasting gravels;
b: feeding the tested cock with the complete feed for the growing layer for more than three days, feeding the corn sample to be tested in the last section, fasting and emptying for 48 hours, and supplementing 50g of glucose to each cock every day by drinking water during the fasting period;
c: after fasting is finished, forcibly feeding a corn sample to be detected with mass m (40-50 g), and continuously collecting excrement for 48 hours; a60 ml plastic bottle cap is sewn at the periphery of the diarrhea cavity of the tested cock, a round hole and 4 symmetrical pairs of small holes are dug in the center of the bottle cap surface, so that excrement can pass through the bottle cap and be fixed by sewing, and during the period of collecting the excrement, a plastic bottle for collecting the excrement is screwed on to collect the excrement; or collecting excrement by adopting a excrement collecting disc; collecting the excrement several times every day in the process of collecting the excrement, immediately storing the excrement at a temperature below 4 ℃ after each collection, or directly drying the excrement at a temperature of between 60 and 65 ℃ until the weight of the excrement is constant, and bottling and sealing the excrement;
d: feeding the tested cock in the same manner as the step B, forcibly feeding the tested cock with phosphorus-free daily ration with the same mass as the corn sample to be tested after the tested cock is fasted, and collecting excrement of the tested cock for 48 hours in the same manner as the step C;
e: respectively measuring the content m of phosphorus in the excrement collected for 48 hours in the step C1(ii) a And the excrement collected in the step D for 48 hours is combined with the content m of phosphorus2(ii) a Determining the content m of total phosphorus in a corn sample to be detected with the mass m3(ii) a Calculating the effective phosphorus content m of the corn sample to be detected in unit mass (1g)Available phosphorus＝m3-(m1-m2)/m。
The total phosphorus content in the excrement and the corn sample to be detected is detected by adopting the method disclosed in feed analysis and feed quality detection technology of Yang Sheng.
The application of the method for rapidly determining the content of the available phosphorus in the corn for feeding poultry in the aspect of controlling the phosphorus content in the corn daily feed for feeding poultry specifically is to determine the using amount of the corn according to the requirement on the phosphorus content in the daily feed for poultry by using the method for determining the content of the available phosphorus in the corn for feeding poultry as an index, so that the conversion efficiency of phosphorus in the daily feed can be effectively improved, the daily feed waste and phosphorus pollution are reduced, and the feeding cost is reduced.
The method for rapidly determining the content of available phosphorus in corn for poultry feeding adopts the near infrared spectrum technology to collect spectrum information in the range of 950-1650 nm of the corn, rapidly and accurately determines the content of phosphorus in the corn, and has the advantages of simple operation and high accuracy as an index of the available phosphorus in the process of feeding the poultry by the corn.
Furthermore, in the process of detecting the near infrared spectrum, the resolution, the detection mode, the spectrum scanning range, the scanning environment and the like of the spectrum scanning can influence the accuracy of the near infrared spectrum detection, and the influence effect is uncertain for different detection samples, especially the pretreatment methods of the spectrum are various, so in the invention, in order to improve the accuracy of detecting the effective phosphorus content in the corn for poultry feeding, the parameter conditions of the spectrum scanning are creatively selected, and the first derivative method and the multivariate scattering correction method are combined to carry out pretreatment on the near infrared spectrum.
Furthermore, in the near infrared spectrum scanning process, the accuracy of the established quantitative model determines the accuracy of the final measurement result to a great extent, and in order to improve the reliability, stability and dynamic adaptability of the quantitative model, the effective phosphorus content in the standard corn sample is measured by adopting a strong feeding method.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail by specific examples.
Examples
A method for rapidly determining the content of available phosphorus in corn for feeding poultry comprises the following operation steps:
1) taking 10-20 parts of standard corn samples with different effective phosphorus contents, respectively determining the phosphorus contents in the standard corn samples by a strong feeding method, and taking the phosphorus contents as the effective phosphorus standard contents of the standard corn samples, wherein the specific operation steps are as follows:
a: selecting a plurality of healthy cymbidium brown cocks with the weight of more than 1.8kg, similar weight, normal ingestion, no abnormal reaction after forced feeding and no strange nodules, feeding the cocks in a single cage at the feeding temperature of 15-27 ℃, with the illumination intensity of 20Lx and the illumination time of 16 hours every day, and freely drinking water and fasting gravels;
b: feeding the tested cock with the complete feed for the growing layer for more than three days, feeding the corn sample to be tested in the last section, fasting and emptying for 48 hours, and supplementing 50g of glucose to each cock every day by drinking water during the fasting period;
c: after fasting is finished, forcibly feeding a corn sample to be detected with mass m, 40-50 g, and continuously collecting excrement for 48 hours; the periphery of an diarrhea cavity opening of a tested cock is sewn with a 60ml plastic bottle cap, a round hole and 4 symmetrical pairs of small holes are dug in the center of the bottle cap surface, so that excrement can pass through and the bottle cap is sewn and fixed, and during the period of collecting the excrement, a plastic bottle for collecting the excrement is screwed on to collect the excrement; immediately storing at below 4 deg.C after each collection, bottling and sealing;
d: feeding the tested cock in the same manner as the step B, forcibly feeding the tested cock with phosphorus-free daily ration with the same mass as the corn sample to be tested after the tested cock is fasted, and collecting excrement of the tested cock for 48 hours in the same manner as the step C;
e: respectively measuring the content m of phosphorus in the excrement collected for 48 hours in the step C1(ii) a And the excrement collected in the step D for 48 hours is combined with the content m of phosphorus2(ii) a Determining the content m of total phosphorus in a corn sample to be detected with the mass m3(ii) a Calculating the effective phosphorus content m of the corn sample to be detected in unit mass (1g)Available phosphorus＝m3-(m1-m2)/m；
2) Taking the standard corn sample with the effective phosphorus content measured in the step 1), crushing the standard corn sample, and putting the crushed standard corn sample into the cornLoading a small sample cup, loading an excessive sample into the sample cup, scraping the excessive sample by using a ruler, ensuring that the surface of the loaded sample in the sample cup is flat, placing the sample cup filled with the sample on a rotary bracket, carrying out near infrared spectrum scanning, and collecting a spectrum signal within a spectrum range of 950-1650 nmCollecting spectral data every 5nm, collecting 141 spectral data in total, repeatedly measuring every sample for 2 times, and repeatedly loading the sample for 2 times; after scanning is finished, in order to reduce the scanning spectrum error, the average value of the spectrum information is derived by combining the spectrum information of each scanning;
3) preprocessing the spectral information of all the standard corn samples with measured effective phosphorus content acquired in the step 2) by adopting a first derivative method and a multivariate scattering correction method, correlating the preprocessed spectral information with the measured effective phosphorus content of the standard corn samples by using chemometrics software, and establishing a quantitative model between the near infrared spectrum and the corn effective phosphorus content by adopting a partial least square method;
4) taking a corn sample to be detected, crushing the corn sample and putting the corn sample into the corn sampleLoading a small sample cup, loading an excessive sample into the sample cup, scraping off the excessive sample by using a ruler, ensuring that the surface of the loaded sample in the sample cup is flat, placing the sample cup filled with the sample on a rotary bracket, carrying out near infrared spectrum scanning, collecting spectral information within a spectral range of 950-1650 nm, collecting spectral data every 5nm, collecting 141 spectral data in total, repeatedly measuring every sample for 2 times, repeatedly loading the sample for 2 times, preprocessing the collected spectral information by adopting a first derivative method and a multivariate scattering correction method, and introducing the preprocessed near infrared spectral information of the corn sample to be detected into the quantitative model established in the step 3) to obtain the effective phosphorus content of the corn sample to be detected.
The near infrared spectrum scanning light source is a mercury lamp; the reference light source is a halogen tungsten lamp; a silicon detector is adopted in the wavelength range of 950-1100 nm, a diode array detector is adopted in the wavelength range of 110-1650 nm, the wavelength precision is less than or equal to 0.3nm, and the wavelength stability is less than or equal to 0.2 nm/a; the scanning environment requires: the temperature is 2-40 ℃, and the relative humidity is 0-85%.
Test example 1
The test method comprises the following steps: the method and the strong feeding method which are respectively adopted to measure the effective phosphorus content of the corn samples with five different producing areas compare the accuracy of the method for measuring the effective phosphorus content of the corn for feeding poultry, and the measurement results are shown in the following table 1:
each corn sample to be tested in the strong feeding method determination process is provided with 6 repeated groups, each repeated group is provided with at least 4 chickens, the average weight difference between groups is not more than 100g, each group of test can be subjected to repeated determination at least twice, the repeated determination and the last determination need to be separated by 10-14 days for the tested chickens to recover physical performance, free drinking water is fed in the physical performance recovery process, and the complete feed is fed to the growing laying hens.
TABLE 1
| Producing area | Predicted value (%) | Measured value (%) | Difference value |
| Shaanxi province | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.01 |
| Northeast | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.01 |
| Hebei river | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.03 |
| Henan province | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.02 |
| Northeast | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.02 |
| Average | 0.138 | 0.132 | 0.018 |
In table 1, the predicted value is the percentage of available phosphorus in 1g of corn sample to be tested, which is determined by the method described in the example; the actual measurement value is the percentage content of available phosphorus in 1g of corn sample to be tested which is determined by the strong feeding method.
According to the test results, the variation range of 5 corn samples is 0.01-0.03, and the method disclosed by the invention is accurate in determination result of the effective phosphorus content in the corn for feeding poultry.
Test example 2
The test method comprises the following steps: collecting two corn samples with different producing areas, recording as a sample 1 and a sample 2, determining the content of available phosphorus in the sample 1 and the sample 2 by a prediction group by adopting the method of the embodiment, and preparing a daily ration for feeding the chickens by taking the determined data as reference, and recording as a test daily ration; and (4) checking the non-phytate phosphorus value of the corn by a feed database in a control group, and preparing the daily ration for feeding the chickens by taking the data as reference, wherein the daily ration is recorded as the control daily ration.
360 AA healthy broilers with the age of 1 day are selected for the test, and the broilers are divided into 4 groups (a prediction group 1, 2 and a control group 1, 2) randomly, wherein the prediction group 1 is fed with the test daily ration prepared by the sample 1, the control group 1 is fed with the control daily ration prepared by the sample 1, the prediction group 2 is fed with the test daily ration prepared by the sample 2, and the control group 2 is fed with the control daily ration prepared by the sample 2, wherein each group has 6 repetitions, and each repetition has 15 chickens. The test chicken is raised in cages, freely fed with drinking water and immunized conventionally, and the temperature, humidity, illumination and sanitary indexes in the chicken house meet the broiler raising standard, and the test period is 42 days. The effects of the broiler productivity and slaughter performance of the control group and the predicted group were compared, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3 below:
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
The data in tables 2 and 3 show that the average daily food intake of the prediction group 1 and the prediction group 2 is obviously lower than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, the average daily gain is obviously higher than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, the material consumption and weight gain ratio is obviously higher than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, and the slaughtering performance is not obviously different. The result shows that the corn available phosphorus predicted by the method can effectively improve the conversion efficiency of the feed, reduce the feed waste and reduce the breeding cost compared with the broiler feed prepared by using non-phytate phosphorus numerical value. Therefore, the near-infrared calibration model constructed by the method is suitable for rapid evaluation of the effective phosphorus of the corn, and can ensure the accuracy of feed mixing and the exertion of the production performance of the broiler chicken.
Claims (6)
1. A method for rapidly determining the content of available phosphorus in corn for feeding poultry is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
1) taking a standard corn sample with known effective phosphorus content, carrying out near infrared spectrum scanning, and collecting spectrum information in a range of 950-1650 nm of the corn;
2) after preprocessing the spectral information, correlating the spectral information with the effective phosphorus content of a standard corn sample with known effective phosphorus content by using chemometrics software, and establishing a quantitative model between the near infrared spectrum and the corn effective phosphorus content by using a partial least square method;
3) and (3) performing near infrared spectrum scanning on the corn sample to be detected, collecting spectrum information in a range of 950-1650 nm of the corn, preprocessing the spectrum information, and introducing the processed near infrared spectrum information of the corn sample to be detected into the quantitative model established in the step 2) to obtain the effective phosphorus content of the corn sample to be detected.
2. The method for rapidly determining the content of available phosphorus in corn for feeding poultry according to claim 1, wherein the light source for near infrared spectrum scanning in step 1) and step 3) is a mercury lamp; the reference light source is a halogen tungsten lamp; a silicon detector is adopted in the wavelength range of 950-1100 nm, a diode array detector is adopted in the wavelength range of 110-1650 nm, the wavelength precision is less than or equal to 0.3nm, and the wavelength stability is less than or equal to 0.2 nm/a; the scanning environment requires: the temperature is 2-40 ℃, and the relative humidity is 0-85%.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the near infrared spectra information is pre-processed in step 2) and step 3) using a first derivative method in combination with a multivariate scatter correction method.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of evaluating the predictive performance of the established quantitative model in step 2), wherein the evaluation parameter is essentially a quantitative model determination factor R2cal, corrected RMS deviation RMESS, verified RMS deviation RMSEP, and verification determination coefficient R2val, the number of principal components Ranks, and the average deviation Bias; screening to obtain R2cal and R2val is close to 1, the smaller and closer the RMESS and RMSEP are.
5. The method for rapidly determining the content of available phosphorus in corn for feeding poultry according to claim 1, wherein the content of available phosphorus in the standard corn sample is detected by the following method, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
a: selecting a plurality of healthy cymbidium brown cocks with the weight of more than 1.8kg, similar weight, normal ingestion, no abnormal reaction after forced feeding and no strange nodules, feeding the cocks in a single cage at the feeding temperature of 15-27 ℃, with the illumination intensity of 20Lx and the illumination time of 16 hours every day, and freely drinking water and fasting gravels;
b: feeding the tested cock with the complete feed for the growing layer for more than three days, feeding the corn sample to be tested in the last section, fasting and emptying for 48 hours, and supplementing 50g of glucose to each cock every day by drinking water during the fasting period;
c: continuously collecting excrement of 48 hours from a corn sample to be tested, wherein the corn sample to be tested has the mass of m and the unit of g after fasting is finished;
d: feeding the tested cock in the same manner as the step B, forcibly feeding the tested cock with phosphorus-free daily ration with the same mass as the corn sample to be tested after the tested cock is fasted, and collecting excrement of the tested cock for 48 hours in the same manner as the step C;
e: respectively measuring the content m of phosphorus in the excrement collected for 48 hours in the step C1(ii) a And the excrement collected in the step D for 48 hours is combined with the content m of phosphorus2(ii) a Determining the content m of total phosphorus in a corn sample to be detected with the mass m3(ii) a Calculating the effective phosphorus content m of the corn sample to be detected, wherein the unit mass of the corn sample is 1gAvailable phosphorus＝m3-(m1-m2)/m。
6. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 for the rapid determination of the available phosphorus content in corn for poultry feeding to control the phosphorus content of a poultry corn ration feed.
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| CN109886481A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-06-14 | 中国农业大学 | The near-infrared method for quick predicting of pig digestible energy and metabolic energy in corn protein powder |
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