CN109886481A - The near-infrared method for quick predicting of pig digestible energy and metabolic energy in corn protein powder - Google Patents
The near-infrared method for quick predicting of pig digestible energy and metabolic energy in corn protein powder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides the near-infrared method for quick predicting of pig digestible energy and metabolic energy in a kind of corn protein powder, the near infrared spectrum including obtaining corn protein powder to be measured；According to the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured and corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, predict the pig digestible energy in corn protein powder to be measured, corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model is obtained according to the near infrared spectrum of several corn protein powders and the pig digestible energy of several corn protein powders, similarly predicts the pig metabolic energy in corn protein powder to be measured.The present invention combines near infrared technology with the available energy in corn protein powder including pig digestible energy and pig metabolic energy, the defects of traditional means of experiment period is long, cost dearly, heavy workload is well solved, the realization of nutrition accurate for animal provides a kind of efficient and convenient method, has larger application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present embodiments relate to pig digestible energy and metabolism in technical field of animal husbandry more particularly to a kind of corn protein powder
The near-infrared method for quick predicting of energy.
Background technique
In China, corn is the primary raw material of one of three big main food kinds and Animal husbandry production, have " feed it
The title of king ", the 1/4 of Zhan Quanguo total output of grain, it is occupied an important position in Grain Production in China and economic development.With corn
The raising of yield, cornstarch industrial boom, as one of main byproduct in cornstarch wet grinding production process
Corn protein powder, yield substantially remains in 1/12 or so of cornstarch yield.With the raising of zein powder yield,
Its nutritive value is increasingly taken seriously, and compared with the common fish meal of feed industry and dregs of beans, corn protein powder resources advantage is bright
It is aobvious, poisonous and harmful substance is free of, is not required to reprocess that forage protein raw material can be directly used as.Therefore, common as one kind
Pannage raw material, corn protein powder available energy accurately assess for efficiently utilize pannage raw material, precisely prepare daily ration, section
About formulation cost and the best productivity effect of acquisition etc. are of great significance.
What NRC (2012) and other nutritional ingredient value tables provided is static state average data, can not really reflect feeding
The variation of material raw material nutritive value causes feed if the data source as feed formula often will cause relatively large deviation
The waste of raw material.
Currently, existing research establishes the predictive equation of corn protein powder available energy, predictive equation is generally with feedstuff
Conventional ingredient is as predictive factor.
Predictive equation method realizes and dynamic relatively accurate to feedstuff available energy and evaluates, but still former dependent on feed
Expect that the wet chemical determination of conventional ingredient, relatively time-consuming, effort cannot achieve the real-time monitoring of feedstuff effective energy value.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the embodiment of the present invention provides the near-infrared of pig digestible energy and metabolic energy in a kind of corn protein powder
Method for quick predicting.
In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of prediction technique of pig digestible energy in corn protein powder, comprising:
Obtain the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured；
According to the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured and corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, jade to be measured is predicted
Pig digestible energy in rice gluten powder, corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model is according to the near infrared lights of several corn protein powders
Spectrum and the pig digestible energy of several corn protein powders obtain.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of prediction technique of pig metabolic energy in corn protein powder, comprising:
Obtain the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured；
According to the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured and corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model, jade to be measured is predicted
Pig metabolic energy in rice gluten powder, corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model is according to the near infrared lights of several corn protein powders
Spectrum and the pig metabolic energy of several corn protein powders obtain.
The near-infrared quick predict side of pig digestible energy and metabolic energy in a kind of corn protein powder provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Method combines near infrared technology with corn protein powder available energy, well solved traditional means of experiment long period,
Cost dearly, heavy workload the defects of, the realization of nutrition accurate for animal provides a kind of efficient, convenient and fast method, has
Biggish application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is this hair
Bright some embodiments for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with root
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of pig digestible energy prediction technique in a kind of corn protein powder provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the original atlas of near infrared spectra of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the original near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention by MSC treated spectrogram；
Fig. 4 is the original near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention by first derivative treated spectrum
Figure；
Fig. 5 is that treated by first derivative+MSC for the original near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention
Spectrogram；
Fig. 6 is that treated by first derivative+SNV for the original near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention
Spectrogram；
Fig. 7 is the original near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention by second dervative treated spectrum
Figure；
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of pig metabolic energy prediction technique in a kind of corn protein powder provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the external certificate figure of corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the external certificate figure of corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
All other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of pig digestible energy prediction technique in a kind of corn protein powder provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 1
Shown, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of prediction techniques of pig digestible energy in corn protein powder, this method comprises:
S11 obtains the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured；
S12, according to the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured and corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, prediction to
The pig digestible energy in corn protein powder is surveyed, corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model is according to the close red of several corn protein powders
The pig digestible energy of external spectrum and several corn protein powders obtains.
It should be noted that pig digestible energy refers to the total energy that can be subtracted in pig excrement be discharged in the searched for food diet of pig
Energy afterwards.Also known as " apparent pig digestible energy ".
The near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured is got first, and the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured is to pass through
Near infrared spectroscopy instrument scans corn protein powder to be measured and obtains, and then predicts the corn protein powder pig digestible energy pre-established
Model analysis corn protein powder near infrared spectrum to be measured, so that it may obtain the pig digestible energy of corn protein powder to be measured.
Corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model is according to the pig digestible energy of some known corn protein powders and these jade
The near infrared spectrum of the model that the near infrared spectrum of rice gluten powder is established, the pig digestible energy of corn protein powder and corn protein powder it
Between there is some corresponding relationships, corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model be exactly according to the pig digestible energy of corn protein powder and
What the corresponding relationship between the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder was established.
The prediction technique of pig digestible energy in a kind of corn protein powder provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by near infrared technology and jade
Rice gluten powder available energy combines, and has well solved traditional means of experiment long period, has cost dearly, heavy workload etc.
Defect, the realization of nutrition accurate for animal provide a kind of efficient, convenient and fast method, have biggish application prospect.
On the basis of the above embodiments, it is preferable that corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model obtains in the following way
:
Obtain corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, it is necessary to measure the pig digestible energy in some corn protein powders
With the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder, the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder can be scanned by near infrared spectroscopy instrument to be obtained
, the pig digestible energy of 223 corn protein powders can be tried by animal in embodiment corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model
The corn protein powder pig digestible energy predictive equation for testing foundation obtains.
It will include that the test daily ration of corn protein powder carrys out feeding trial pig, disappeared with this to illustrate to obtain corn protein powder pig
Change the concrete mode of energy predictive equation.
Firstly, completely random district's groups experimental design is selected in test, full excrement method and the set algorithm received measures 12 corn protein powders
Pig digestible energy.Test totally 13 processing, including basal diet and 12 kinds of corn protein powders test daily ration, 6 pigs of each processing.
Experimental period 12d, preceding 7d are pre-feeding period, and rear 5d is that fecaluria collects the phase.Du that test selection original body mass is 38.33 ± 4.67kg ×
Length × Dasanyuan hybridizes healthy castration boar 78, is assigned randomly in 13 daily ration processing groups.
Table 1 is the formula that daily ration is tested in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Wherein, premix provides for every kilogram of test daily ration: vitamin A, 5512IU；Vitamine D3,2200IU；Vitamin
E, 64IU；Vitamin K3,2.2mg；Vitamin B12,27.6 μ g, riboflavin, 5.5mg；Pantothenic acid, 13.8mg；Niacin, 30.3mg；
Choline, 551mg；Manganese, 40.0mg；Iron, 100.0mg；Zinc, 100.0mg；Copper, 100.0mg；Iodine, 0.3mg；Selenium, 0.3mg.
It should be noted that test is ground in certain feed engineering technology for the reliability and accuracy of guarantee test data
Study carefully the progress of central animals proving ground.Before on-test, 84 test pigs are put at random in special stainless steel pig metabolic cage and are fitted
It answers 1 week.Grower pigs routine daily ration (thick protein 18%) is fed during adaptation, free water is weighed after the laundering period, selects 78
The close and healthy pig of head weight is tested, and feeds different test daily rations as unit of handling by experimental design.Pig day is raised
4% that total amount is its original body mass is fed, daily 8:00 and 17:00 are fed in two times, and scale of feeding is identical.The temperature control system of house is in 20-28
℃.Colony house is rinsed and is cleaned after daily feeding, keeps pig house environment clean hygiene.Test operation is raised according to the Ministry of Agriculture
Expect that the pannage Nutritive evaluation technical regulation in potency and supervision and inspection on safety test center (Beijing) carries out.
The collection of excrement sample receives excrement method using complete.When the collection phase, daily surplus material is collected twice, is dried, weighed and is recorded.
The excrement sample that each test pig is discharged for 24 hours daily is accurately collected, with row with receipts, it is close that the excrement sample of every pig is respectively put into corresponding plastics
In envelope, it is immediately placed in -20 DEG C of refrigerators and saves after collecting every time.After phase to be tested, every test pig 5d is taken
Whole excrement samples mix well, and take 300g excrement sample that 15ml 6mol/L HCL fixed nitrogen is added, and 72h is dried in 65 DEG C of baking ovens to constant weight, powder
Broken 60 mesh of mistake, is made air-drying sample, and pack is examined.
The method that the gross energy of daily ration and excrement sample is recommended according to international standard ISO 9831:1998 uses oxygen bomb formula calorimetric
Instrument (PARR 1281；Parr Instrument Company, Moline, IL) it is measured.
It is searched for food each test daily ration gross energy, each examination in entire experimental period according to each test pig in entire experimental period
Each test pig used in gross energy in the discharged excrement of each test pig of daily ration, entire experimental period is tested to search for food each test daily ration
Weight, obtain each test pig it is each test daily ration pig digestible energy；
It is substituted in each test daily ration according to the pig digestible energy of each test each test pig of daily ration and corn protein powder
The specific gravity of basal diet energy supply composition obtains the pig digestible energy of each test pig of corn protein powder in each test daily ration；
According to each corn protein powder different tests pig digestible energy value, each corn protein powder pig digestible energy is obtained.
Specifically, the pig digestible energy of each test corn protein powder is obtained, specifically:
ETest the apparent pig digestible energy of daily ration=(ETest daily ration gross energy-EEnergy in excrement)/M1Test daily ration eats weight,
Wherein, ETest the apparent pig digestible energy of daily rationIndicate the apparent pig digestible energy of each test daily ration, ETest daily ration gross energyIndicate that each test is dynamic
Object eats the gross energy of test daily ration, EEnergy in excrementIndicate the gross energy in each experimental animal excrement, M1Test daily ration eats weightIndicate every
One experimental animal eats the weight of test daily ration；
ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig digestible energy=ETest the apparent pig digestible energy of daily ration/ X,
Wherein, ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig digestible energyIndicate the apparent correction pig digestible energy of each test daily ration, X is to supply in test daily ration
Ratio shared by energy component；
ETested apparent material pig digestible energy=[ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig digestible energy(100%-Y%) × EBasal diet apparently corrects pig digestible energy]/Y%,
Wherein, ETested apparent material pig digestible energyIndicate the apparent pig digestible energy that corn protein powder is tested in each test daily ration, Y% table
Show tested corn protein powder substitution basal diet energy supply composition percentage, EBasal diet apparently corrects pig digestible energyIndicate that basal diet apparently corrects
Pig digestible energy.
All test datas are first carried out with SAS (1996) statistical software Proc UNIVARIATE model before variance analysis
Normal distribution-test, the index for not meeting normal distribution will carry out data conversion.If the absolute value of measured value and average value difference
Greater than 3 times standard deviations, then be considered as exceptional value and reject.Test data uses SAS statistical software Proc CORR and Proc REG
Correlation analysis, simple regression analysis and stepwise regression analysis showed are carried out, to study corn protein powder chemical component and corn
The relationship of albumen powder pig digestible energy.Residual error standard deviation is as the standard for selecting corn protein powder pig digestible energy predictive equation, residual error
Standard deviation is smaller to show that equation is more suitable.With P < 0.05 for significant difference standard, P < 0.01 is the extremely significant standard of difference.
Additionally, in the near infrared light time spectrum for obtaining corn protein powder, specific step are as follows:
For any corn protein powder, any corn protein powder is scanned using near infrared spectroscopy instrument, obtains any corn
The near infrared spectrum of albumen powder can be referred to as original near infrared spectrum by the spectrum that near infrared spectroscopy instrument scanning obtains；
To select a certain number of representative sample spectrum, applicability of the invention, light acquired in the present invention are improved
Compose source Mr. Yu company.Principal component point is carried out to the thousands of corn protein powder near infrared spectrums that certain company is collected into nearly ten years
Analysis, according to principal component spatial distribution map, selects 223 representative sample spectrum altogether, it is closely red to cover thousands of corn protein powders
The spectral region of external spectrum；
The detailed process of corn protein powder near infrared spectra collection and concrete operations are as follows:
Spectral scan (being equipped with OPUS7.8 software), instrument are carried out using the MATRIX-I near infrared spectrometer that Bruker company produces
Device uses preceding preheating half an hour, and parameter setting is as follows: wave-length coverage 4000cm-1-12500cm-1, it is divided between data sampling
1nm, spectral resolution 10nm, scanning times are 64 times.Apparatus preparation diameter 8.7mm column shaped rotating specimen cup.
For MATRIX-I near infrared spectrometer, background spectrum is first measured before scanning, hereafter, measures a background every half an hour
Spectrum.40 meshes are crossed after each sample comminution, the sample prepared is loaded into rotation specimen cup, it repeats to fill sample scanning twice,
Gained twice sweep spectrum takes average spectrum.
Entire experimental implementation in near-infrared analysis room in carrying out, it is ensured that entire scanning process room temperature and humidity are more permanent
It is fixed, it also can effectively avoid interference of the ambient noise near infrared ray.Sample Scan forward horizontal stand is to room temperature, when filling sample every time
Sample-loading amount in specimen cup is close, and reduces the shaking to sample, guarantees that the uniformity of sample and tightness are close.
The modeling process of corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model carries out on 7.8 software of OPUS.
The preprocess method of corn protein powder near infrared spectrum has:
Multiplicative scatter correction (abbreviation MSC), first derivative, first derivative+MSC, first derivative+vector normalization are (referred to as
) and second dervative SNV.
It is digested according to the pig for the calculated each corn protein powder of corn protein powder pig digestible energy predictive equation established
Corn protein powder pig digestible energy can be established using partial least squares algorithm and is predicted with the pretreated spectrum of each corn protein powder
Model.
Specifically, corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model is established using partial least squares algorithm, establishes prediction model
During include:
It, will be different by calculating the exceptional value in mahalanobis distance (abbreviation MD) rejecting corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model
Corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model after constant value is rejected is re-used as corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model.
When establishing corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, the value range of near-infrared spectrum wavelength is 4000cm-1-
12500cm-1, pass through the combination of different wavelength range and different pretreatments, it is determined that the best pig digestible energy of corn protein powder
Prediction model.
After establishing corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, the needs assessment corn protein powder pig digestible energy predicts mould
The application effect of type, the index of applications of an evaluative model effect include: the calibration coefficient of determination (abbreviation R2C), standard deviation is calibrated (referred to as
RMSEC), the validation-cross coefficient of determination (abbreviation R2Cv), validation-cross standard deviation (abbreviation RMSECV), MD range and interaction are tested
It demonstrate,proves relation analysis error (abbreviation RPDcv).
When carrying out external certificate to corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, 12 by animal digestion test are utilized
Corn protein powder verifying collection sample carries out external certificate to model built, and verification process carries out on 7.8 software of OPUS, external
The evaluation index of verification the verifying results includes: the verifying coefficient of determination (abbreviation R2V), validation criteria poor (abbreviation RMSEP) and verifying phase
To analytical error (abbreviation RPDv).
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of pig metabolic energy prediction technique in a kind of corn protein powder provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as Fig. 8
Shown, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of prediction techniques of pig metabolic energy in corn protein powder, this method comprises:
S21 obtains the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured；
S22, according to the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured and corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model, prediction to
The pig metabolic energy in corn protein powder is surveyed, corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model is according to the close red of several corn protein powders
The pig metabolic energy of external spectrum and several corn protein powders obtains.
It should be noted that pig metabolic energy refers to the total energy that can be subtracted in pig excrement be discharged in the searched for food diet of pig
And the energy after the total energy in pig institute draining urine.Also known as " apparent pig metabolic energy ".
The near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured is got first, and the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured is to pass through
Near infrared spectroscopy instrument scans corn protein powder to be measured and obtains, and then predicts the corn protein powder pig metabolic energy pre-established
Model analysis corn protein powder near infrared spectrum to be measured, so that it may obtain the pig metabolic energy of corn protein powder to be measured.
Corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model is according to the pig metabolic energy of some known corn protein powders and these jade
The near infrared spectrum of the model that the near infrared spectrum of rice gluten powder is established, the pig metabolic energy of corn protein powder and corn protein powder it
Between there is some corresponding relationships, corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model be exactly according to the pig metabolic energy of corn protein powder and
What the corresponding relationship between the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder was established.
The prediction technique of pig metabolic energy in a kind of corn protein powder provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by near infrared technology and jade
Rice gluten powder available energy combines, and has well solved traditional means of experiment long period, has cost dearly, heavy workload etc.
Defect, the realization of nutrition accurate for animal provide a kind of efficient, convenient and fast method, have biggish application prospect.
On the basis of the above embodiments, it is preferable that corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model obtains in the following way
:
Obtain corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model, it is necessary to measure the pig metabolic energy in some corn protein powders
With the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder, the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder can be scanned by near infrared spectroscopy instrument to be obtained
, the pig metabolic energy of 223 corn protein powders can be tried by animal in embodiment corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model
The corn protein powder pig metabolic energy predictive equation for testing foundation obtains.
It will include the test daily ration of corn protein powder carrys out feeding trial pig, illustrate to obtain corn protein powder pig generation with this
Thank to the concrete mode of energy predictive equation.
Experimental design, the kind and quantity, selection of tested corn protein powder of corn protein powder pig metabolic energy measurement test
Test pig, test Diet Formula, test site, feeding and management method, the collection method of excrement sample, daily ration and excrement sample gross energy
Measuring method and the experimental design of corn protein powder pig digestible energy measurement test, the kind and quantity, choosing of tested corn protein powder
Test pig, test Diet Formula, test site, feeding and management method, the collection method of excrement sample, the total energy of daily ration and excrement sample
Quantity measuring method is identical, and details can refer to the related content of above-mentioned corn protein powder pig digestible energy measurement test, and the present invention is implemented
Details are not described herein for example.
Corn protein powder pig metabolic energy measurement test needs more measurement examinations compared with the measurement test of corn protein powder pig digestible energy
Test the energy in the urine of pig.The collection of urine sample uses full collecting method.When the collection phase, each test pig institute for 24 hours daily is accurately collected
Void urine weighs record volume, 50mL 6mol/L HCl solution is added into collecting vessel, samples again by 1/20 after mixing well,
It is put into -20 DEG C of refrigerators and saves backup after sampling.After phase to be tested, every pig 5d whole urine samples taken are thawed and filled
Divide and mix, 50ml centrifuge tube is packed into after filtered through gauze, is saved in 4 DEG C of refrigerators to be checked.
The method that the gross energy of urine sample is recommended according to international standard ISO 9831:1998 uses oxygen bomb formula calorimetric instrument (PARR
1281；Parr Instrument Company, Moline, IL) it is measured.
It is searched for food each test daily ration gross energy, each examination in entire experimental period according to each test pig in entire experimental period
The gross energy tested in the discharged excrement of each test pig of daily ration, each test pig of each test daily ration is discharged in entire experimental period
Each test pig used in gross energy, entire experimental period in urine search for food it is each test daily ration weight, obtain each test pig
The pig metabolic energy of each test daily ration；
It is substituted in each test daily ration according to the pig metabolic energy of each test each test pig of daily ration and corn protein powder
The specific gravity of basal diet energy supply composition obtains the pig metabolic energy of each test pig of corn protein powder in each test daily ration；
According to each corn protein powder different tests pig metabolizable energy value, each corn protein powder pig metabolic energy is obtained；
Specifically, the pig metabolic energy of each test corn protein powder is obtained, specifically:
ETest the apparent pig metabolic energy of daily ration=(ETest daily ration gross energy-EEnergy in excrement-EEnergy in urine)/M1Test daily ration eats weight,
Wherein, ETest the apparent pig metabolic energy of daily rationIndicate the apparent pig metabolic energy of each test daily ration, ETest daily ration gross energyIndicate that each test is dynamic
Object eats the gross energy of test daily ration, EEnergy in excrementIndicate the gross energy in each experimental animal excrement, EEnergy in urineIndicate each
Gross energy in experimental animal urine, M1Test daily ration eats weightIndicate that each experimental animal eats the weight of test daily ration；
ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig metabolic energy=ETest the apparent pig metabolic energy of daily ration/ X,
Wherein, ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig metabolic energyIndicate the apparent correction pig metabolic energy of each test daily ration, X is to supply in test daily ration
Ratio shared by energy component；
ETested apparent material pig metabolic energy=[ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig metabolic energy(100%-Y%) × EBasal diet apparently corrects pig metabolic energy]/Y%,
Wherein, ETested apparent material pig metabolic energyIndicate the apparent pig metabolic energy that corn protein powder is tested in each test daily ration, Y% table
Show tested corn protein powder substitution basal diet energy supply composition percentage, EBasal diet apparently corrects pig metabolic energyIndicate that basal diet apparently corrects
Pig metabolic energy.
Corn protein powder pig metabolic energy data statistical analysis method and corn protein powder pig digestible energy data statistic analysis side
Method is identical, and details can refer to above-mentioned corn protein powder pig digestible energy data statistic analysis content, and the embodiment of the present invention is herein no longer
It repeats.
The near infrared spectrum source of corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model, near infrared spectrum selection method, near-infrared
Spectra collection process, the near infrared spectrum source of modeling process and corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, near infrared spectrum
Selection method, near infrared spectra collection process, modeling process are identical, and details can refer to above-mentioned corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction
The related content of model, details are not described herein for the embodiment of the present invention.
When carrying out external certificate to corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model, 12 by animal metabolism test are utilized
Corn protein powder verifying collection sample to model built carry out external certificate, corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model it is authenticated
Journey is identical as the verification process of corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, and details can refer to above-mentioned corn protein powder pig digestible energy
The related content of prediction model, details are not described herein for the embodiment of the present invention.
Table 2 is the chemical component descriptive statistic table of 223 corn protein powders used in model built, as shown in table 2, is raised
Raw material is expected based on dry matter, and the content range of crude protein is 60.03%-72.26%, average value 65.71%.
Table 2
Table 3 is the available energy descriptive statistic table of 223 corn protein powders used in model built, as shown in Table 3, corn
Albumen powder pig digestible energy, pig metabolic energy content range be respectively 20.21MJ/kg-20.92MJ/kg and 19.34MJ/kg-
19.85MJ/kg.Average value is respectively 20.54MJ/kg and 19.58MJ/kg.
Table 3
Fig. 2 is the original atlas of near infrared spectra of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, due to sample
The factors such as granularity influence, and phenomena such as certain baseline drift and baseline rotate occurs in original near infrared spectrum.
Fig. 3 is the original near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention by MSC treated spectrogram, such as
Shown in Fig. 3, spectrum change caused by MSC can mainly be eliminated due to sample scattering, such as baseline drift and rotation etc.；At MSC
Reason also effectively eliminates the influence of original near infrared spectrum linear translation.
Fig. 4 is the original near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention by first derivative treated spectrum
Figure eliminates the influence of baseline drift and gentle background interference, shows ratio as shown in figure 4, after first derivative is handled
The original higher resolution ratio of near infrared spectrum and the variation of clearer spectral profile.
Fig. 5 is that treated by first derivative+MSC for the original near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention
Spectrogram, as shown in figure 5, on the one hand eliminating the baseline drift of original near infrared spectrum when both preprocess methods combine
Phenomenon is moved, more obvious absorption peak is shown, on the other hand corrects the scattering of spectrum, to obtain more ideal absorb
Peak.
Fig. 6 is that treated by first derivative+SNV for the original near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention
Spectrogram, as shown in fig. 6, one side spectrum has shown higher resolution ratio, another when both preprocess methods combine
Aspect corrects the error of sample room spectrum because of caused by scattering, eliminates the shadow of original near infrared spectrum linear translation
It rings.
Fig. 7 is the original near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder in the embodiment of the present invention by second dervative treated spectrum
Figure, as shown in fig. 7, then significantly eliminating baseline rotation phenomenon in original near infrared spectrum, same table after second dervative processing
More obvious absorption peak is revealed.
Table 4 is the model parameter of corn protein powder pig digestible energy and metabolic energy prediction model in the embodiment of the present invention, such as table 4
Shown, the best dimension of corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model is 9 dimensions, the best modeled of corn protein powder near infrared spectrum
Wave-length coverage is 4242.9cm-1-4605.5cm-1And 6094.3cm-1-9403.8cm-1, best pretreatment near infrared spectrum
Method is first derivative+SNV.The best dimension of corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model is similarly 9 dimensions, best modeled wavelength
Range is 4242.9cm-1-4605.5cm-1And 5446.3cm-1-7506.1cm-1, to the best preprocess method of near infrared spectrum
It is equally first derivative+SNV.
Table 4
The calibration coefficient of determination (the R of corn protein powder pig digestible energy and metabolic energy prediction model2C) and validation-cross determines
Coefficient (R2Cv) 0.90 or more, the validation-cross relation analysis error of corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model
It (RPDcv) is 3.81, the validation-cross relation analysis error (RPDcv) of corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model is 3.42,
Corn protein powder pig digestible energy and metabolic energy prediction model show good calibration effect.
After model calibration is completed, need to carry out model external certificate, table 5 is corn protein powder pig digestible energy and metabolism
The external certificate of energy prediction model is as a result, as shown in Table 5, the outside of corn protein powder pig digestible energy and metabolic energy prediction model is tested
Demonstrate,proving sample number is 12, the external certificate coefficient of determination (R of corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model2It v) is 0.80, corn egg
The external certificate coefficient of determination (the R of white powder pig metabolic energy prediction model2It v) is 0.71, the external certificate relation analysis error of the two
It (RPDv) is respectively 1.84 and 1.24.
Table 5
Fig. 9 is the external certificate figure of corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model in the embodiment of the present invention, such as
Shown in Fig. 9, the check post in figure illustrates that the corn protein powder pig digestible energy predicts mould mostly all in the two sides of straight line
The precision of type is higher.
Table 6 is analyzed for corn protein powder pig digestible energy true value with utilization corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model pre-
The comparison of measured value result, as can be known from Table 6, pig digestible energy is true in the corn protein powder obtained by multiple groups through animal experiment
The comparison of value and the predicted value analyzed using corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model in the embodiment of the present invention, it can be found that in advance
Error between measured value and true value in 0.57MJ/kg and hereinafter, has absolutely proved the zein of proposition of the embodiment of the present invention
The accuracy of powder pig digestible energy prediction model.
Table 6
Figure 10 is the external certificate figure of corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model in the embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 10 institute
Show, the check post in figure illustrates that the precision of the corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model is higher mostly all in the two sides of straight line.
Table 7 is analyzed for corn protein powder pig metabolic energy true value with utilization corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model pre-
The comparison sheet of measured value result, by table 7 it is found that in the corn protein powder obtained through animal experiment by multiple groups pig metabolic energy it is true
The comparison of real value and the predicted value analyzed using corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model in the embodiment of the present invention, it can be found that
Error between predicted value and true value in 0.84MJ/kg and hereinafter, has absolutely proved the corn egg of proposition of the embodiment of the present invention
The accuracy of white powder pig metabolic energy prediction model.
Table 7
The above external certificate the result shows that the corn protein powder near-infrared prediction model built can be used for production practices, and
Accurately predict the content of pig digestible energy and metabolic energy in corn protein powder.
The near-infrared quick predict side of pig digestible energy and metabolic energy in a kind of corn protein powder provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Method combines near infrared technology with corn protein powder available energy, well solved traditional means of experiment long period,
Cost dearly, heavy workload the defects of, the realization of nutrition accurate for animal provides a kind of efficient, convenient and fast method, has
Biggish application prospect.Meanwhile measurement can be achieved to the quick detection of corn protein powder available energy and its real time monitoring of quality,
And it not will cause environmental pollution in the process.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；
And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (13)
1. the prediction technique of pig digestible energy in a kind of corn protein powder characterized by comprising
Obtain the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured；
According to the near infrared spectrum of the corn protein powder to be measured and corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, prediction it is described to
The pig digestible energy in corn protein powder is surveyed, the corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model is according to several corn protein powders
The pig digestible energy of near infrared spectrum and several corn protein powders obtains.
2. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pig digestible energy of several corn protein powders passes through as follows
Mode obtains:
The corn protein powder pig digestible energy predictive equation that the pig digestible energy of several corn protein powders is established by animal experiment obtains
, predictive equation is returned by corn protein powder pig digestible energy animal experiment measured value and corn protein powder chemical constituent and is obtained.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the corn protein powder pig digestible energy animal experiment measured value is logical
Under type such as is crossed to obtain:
It is tested in a few days at several, includes zein in the test daily ration using test several test pigs of diet feeding
Powder；
Collect the excrement of each test day each test pig；
It is searched for food each test daily ration gross energy, each test day in entire experimental period according to each test pig in entire experimental period
Each test pig used in gross energy, entire experimental period in the discharged excrement of each test pig of grain search for food it is each test daily ration weight
Amount obtains the pig digestible energy of each test daily ration of each test pig；
Basis is substituted in each test daily ration according to the pig digestible energy of each test each test pig of daily ration and corn protein powder
The specific gravity of daily ration energy supply composition obtains the pig digestible energy of each test pig of corn protein powder in each test daily ration；
According to each corn protein powder different tests pig digestible energy value, each corn protein powder pig digestible energy is obtained.
4. method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that each test pig is searched for food often in the basis entire experimental period
One test daily ration gross energy, in entire experimental period it is each test the discharged excrement of each test pig of daily ration in gross energy, entirely
Each test pig used in experimental period search for food it is each test daily ration weight, obtain each test pig it is each test daily ration pig digestion
Can, specifically:
ETest the apparent pig digestible energy of daily ration=(ETest daily ration gross energy-EEnergy in excrement)/M1Test daily ration eats weight,
Wherein, ETest the apparent pig digestible energy of daily rationIndicate the apparent pig digestible energy of each test daily ration, ETest daily ration gross energyIndicate each experimental animal food
Enter to test the gross energy of daily ration, EEnergy in excrementIndicate the gross energy in each experimental animal excrement, M1Test daily ration eats weightIndicate each examination
Test the weight that animal eats test daily ration；
ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig digestible energy=ETest the apparent pig digestible energy of daily ration/ X,
Wherein, ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig digestible energyIndicate the apparent correction pig digestible energy of each test daily ration, X is energy supply group in test daily ration
Ratio shared by point.
5. method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the pig according to each test each test pig of daily ration digests
Energy, the corn protein powder specific gravity of substitution basal diet energy supply composition, each corn protein powder difference in each test daily ration are tried
Pig digestible energy value is tested, the pig digestible energy of each corn protein powder is obtained, specifically includes:
ETested apparent material pig digestible energy=[ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig digestible energy(100%-Y%) × EBasal diet apparently corrects pig digestible energy]/Y%,
Wherein, ETested apparent material pig digestible energyIndicate the apparent pig digestible energy that corn protein powder is tested in each test daily ration, Y% indicates quilt
Survey corn protein powder substitution basal diet energy supply composition percentage, EBasal diet apparently corrects pig digestible energyIndicate that basal diet apparently corrects pig and disappears
Change energy.
6. method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that if the pig digestible energy according to several corn protein powders and
The near infrared spectrum of dry corn protein powder, obtains the corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model, specifically includes:
For several corn protein powders, several described corn protein powders are scanned using near infrared spectroscopy instrument, described in acquisition
The near infrared spectrum of several corn protein powders；
The near infrared spectrum of several corn protein powders is pre-processed, after obtaining the pretreatment of several corn protein powders
Spectrum；
According to the pig digestible energy of several corn protein powders and the pretreated spectrum of several corn protein powders, benefit
The corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model is established with partial least squares algorithm.
7. method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described to establish the zein using partial least squares algorithm
During powder pig digestible energy prediction model further include:
The exceptional value in the corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model is rejected by calculating mahalanobis distance, by abnormality value removing
Corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model later is re-used as the corn protein powder pig digestible energy prediction model.
8. the prediction technique of pig metabolic energy in a kind of corn protein powder characterized by comprising
Obtain the near infrared spectrum of corn protein powder to be measured；
According to the near infrared spectrum of the corn protein powder to be measured and corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model, prediction it is described to
The pig metabolic energy in corn protein powder is surveyed, the corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model is according to several corn protein powders
The pig metabolic energy of near infrared spectrum and several corn protein powders obtains.
9. method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the pig metabolic energy of several corn protein powders passes through as follows
Mode obtains:
The corn protein powder pig metabolic energy predictive equation that the pig metabolic energy of several corn protein powders is established by animal experiment obtains
, predictive equation is returned by corn protein powder pig metabolic energy animal experiment measured value and corn protein powder chemical constituent and is obtained.
10. method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the corn protein powder pig metabolic energy animal experiment measured value
It obtains in the following way:
It is tested in a few days at several, includes zein in the test daily ration using test several test pigs of diet feeding
Powder；
Collect the excrement and urine of each test day each test pig；
It is searched for food each test daily ration gross energy, each test day in entire experimental period according to each test pig in entire experimental period
Gross energy in the discharged excrement of each test pig of grain, the discharged urine of each test pig of each test daily ration in entire experimental period
In gross energy, each test pig used in entire experimental period search for food the weight of each test daily ration, it is each to obtain each test pig
Test the pig metabolic energy of daily ration；
Basis is substituted in each test daily ration according to the pig metabolic energy of each test each test pig of daily ration and corn protein powder
The specific gravity of daily ration energy supply composition obtains the pig metabolic energy of each test pig of corn protein powder in each test daily ration；
According to each corn protein powder different tests pig metabolizable energy value, each corn protein powder pig metabolic energy is obtained.
11. method according to claim 10, which is characterized in that each test pig is searched for food in the basis entire experimental period
Each test daily ration gross energy, the gross energy, whole in entire experimental period in each test discharged excrement of each test pig of daily ration
Each test pig used in gross energy, entire experimental period in a experimental period in each test discharged urine of each test pig of daily ration
Search for food it is each test daily ration weight, obtain each test pig it is each test daily ration pig metabolic energy, specifically:
ETest the apparent pig metabolic energy of daily ration=(ETest daily ration gross energy-EEnergy in excrement-EEnergy in urine)/M1Test daily ration eats weight,
Wherein, ETest the apparent pig metabolic energy of daily rationIndicate the apparent pig metabolic energy of each test daily ration, ETest daily ration gross energyIndicate each experimental animal food
Enter to test the gross energy of daily ration, EEnergy in excrementIndicate the gross energy in each experimental animal excrement, EEnergy in urineIndicate each test
Gross energy in animals urine, M1Test daily ration eats weightIndicate that each experimental animal eats the weight of test daily ration；
ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig metabolic energy=ETest the apparent pig metabolic energy of daily ration/ X,
Wherein, ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig metabolic energyIndicate the apparent correction pig metabolic energy of each test daily ration, X is energy supply group in test daily ration
Ratio shared by point.
12. method according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the pig generation according to each test each test pig of daily ration
Specific gravity, each corn protein powder of Xie Neng, corn protein powder the substitution basal diet energy supply composition in each test daily ration are different
Test pig metabolizable energy value obtains the pig metabolic energy of each corn protein powder, specifically includes:
ETested apparent material pig metabolic energy=[ETest daily ration apparently corrects pig metabolic energy(100%-Y%) × EBasal diet apparently corrects pig metabolic energy]/Y%,
Wherein, ETested apparent material pig metabolic energyIndicate the apparent pig metabolic energy that corn protein powder is tested in each test daily ration, Y% indicates quilt
Survey corn protein powder substitution basal diet energy supply composition percentage, EBasal diet apparently corrects pig metabolic energyIndicate that basal diet apparently corrects pig generation
Xie Neng.
13. method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the pig metabolic energy according to several corn protein powders and
The near infrared spectrum of several corn protein powders obtains the corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model, specifically includes:
For several corn protein powders, several described corn protein powders are scanned using near infrared spectroscopy instrument, described in acquisition
The near infrared spectrum of several corn protein powders；
The near infrared spectrum of several corn protein powders is pre-processed, after obtaining the pretreatment of several corn protein powders
Spectrum；
According to the pig metabolic energy of several corn protein powders and the pretreated spectrum of several corn protein powders, benefit
The corn protein powder pig metabolic energy prediction model is established with partial least squares algorithm.
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