CN106643031A - Internal absorption type solar drier - Google Patents
Internal absorption type solar drier Download PDFInfo
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- CN106643031A CN106643031A CN201710000170.3A CN201710000170A CN106643031A CN 106643031 A CN106643031 A CN 106643031A CN 201710000170 A CN201710000170 A CN 201710000170A CN 106643031 A CN106643031 A CN 106643031A
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
- F26B9/066—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers the products to be dried being disposed on one or more containers, which may have at least partly gas-previous walls, e.g. trays or shelves in a stack
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
- F26B21/002—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure heating the drying air indirectly, i.e. using a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
- F26B21/04—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/14—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种内部吸收式太阳能干燥器,包括太阳能集热装置、干燥箱和控制系统,干燥箱内部从上到下依次设置相变储能抽屉、物料烘干抽屉、错流废热回收交换器与吸附除湿抽屉,并与干燥箱后内壁之间设置隔板,使隔板与干燥箱后内壁围成预热空气流道;干燥箱的底部设置循环风机;各层抽屉的底部设置为筛网状;相变储能抽屉中放置相变储能材料,物料烘干抽屉中放置待烘干物料,吸附除湿抽屉中放置吸附除湿材料;错流废热回收交换器处设置进气口和排气口;太阳能集热装置中热超导翅片管位于真空集热管内部;真空集热管倾斜布置,底端连接管托并用支架支撑,顶端与干燥箱的上部密封连接;热超导翅片管伸入到干燥箱内部的预热空气流道。
The invention discloses an internal absorption solar dryer, which comprises a solar heat collection device, a drying box and a control system. The inside of the drying box is sequentially arranged with a phase change energy storage drawer, a material drying drawer, and a cross-flow waste heat recovery exchange. The device and the adsorption dehumidification drawer, and a partition is set between the rear inner wall of the drying box, so that the partition and the rear inner wall of the drying box form a preheated air flow channel; the bottom of the drying box is equipped with a circulating fan; the bottom of each layer of drawers is set as a screen Mesh; phase change energy storage materials are placed in the phase change energy storage drawer, materials to be dried are placed in the material drying drawer, and adsorption dehumidification materials are placed in the adsorption dehumidification drawer; air inlet and exhaust are set at the cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger The thermal superconducting finned tube in the solar heat collection device is located inside the vacuum heat collecting tube; the vacuum heat collecting tube is arranged obliquely, the bottom end is connected to the tube holder and supported by a bracket, and the top is sealed and connected with the upper part of the drying box; the thermal superconducting finned tube extends Into the preheated air passage inside the drying box.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种内部吸收式太阳能干燥器,通过热超导传热技术、相变储能技术和吸附除湿技术利用太阳能对农牧区的物料进行中低温烘干,属于干燥设备技术领域。The invention relates to an internal absorption solar dryer, which uses solar energy to dry materials in agricultural and pastoral areas at medium and low temperatures through thermal superconducting heat transfer technology, phase change energy storage technology and adsorption dehumidification technology, and belongs to the technical field of drying equipment.
背景技术Background technique
太阳能干燥技术是太阳能利用技术与干燥操作单元技术相结合的干燥脱水技术。该技术较之传统的干燥技术,将太阳能利用技术引入干燥过程,应用于牧草、粮食、种子、中蒙药、食品等干燥过程,既节约能源,又保护环境,特别适合于偏远、能源紧缺地区。这种干燥技术所获得的物料有许多优点:感觉品质好,物料基本保持了新鲜原料固有的色泽、风味和香气。营养成分高,由于干燥过程中可达到恒温的条件下进行的,这使得营养成分损失极少。脱水彻底,重量轻,适合于长期保存和长途运输。Solar drying technology is a drying and dehydration technology combined with solar energy utilization technology and drying operation unit technology. Compared with the traditional drying technology, this technology introduces solar energy utilization technology into the drying process, and is applied to the drying process of pasture, grain, seeds, Chinese and Mongolian medicine, food, etc., which not only saves energy, but also protects the environment, and is especially suitable for remote and energy-scarce areas. The material obtained by this drying technology has many advantages: it feels of good quality, and the material basically maintains the inherent color, flavor and aroma of fresh raw materials. The nutrient content is high, because the drying process can be carried out under the condition of constant temperature, which makes the nutrient content loss very little. Thorough dehydration, light weight, suitable for long-term storage and long-distance transportation.
20世纪90年代初期,我国才开始从事太阳能干燥技术的开发和设备的制造,近三五年来,牧草、粮食等农产品产业发展较快,已有数十条生产线,但生产规模大都较小,从国内外市场需求情况看,我国的太阳能干燥技术的发展前景极为广阔。In the early 1990s, my country began to engage in the development of solar drying technology and equipment manufacturing. In the past three to five years, the pasture, grain and other agricultural products industries have developed rapidly. There are dozens of production lines, but most of them are small in scale. In terms of market demand, the development prospect of my country's solar drying technology is extremely broad.
长期以来,在收获和制备干草过程中,饲草田间干燥工艺一直是我国干草制备的主体工艺。在饲草收获季节,连续晴数天的机会很少,因此许多地区因饲草收割季节湿潮多雨,苜蓿等优质饲草不能适时制备成干草,导致饲草在田间干燥期间干物质损失严重和营养成分保持率低。根据农业部有关部门统计,我国每年损失贮草大约在3亿吨,饲草干燥已成为制备优质干草的制约瓶颈,先进的饲草干燥设备的研究与开发已迫在眉睫。目前,国内人工干燥牧草设备主要有转筒式饲草干燥机、93QH系列燃煤牧草干燥机组、93QH系列干燥机组、93QH1000型燃油(气)牧草干燥机组,均采用燃油、燃煤和燃气作为主要能源,因此干燥后牧草的成本偏高,产业化比较困难,经济效益不明显。For a long time, in the process of harvesting and preparing hay, the field drying process of forage grass has been the main process of hay preparation in my country. During the forage harvest season, there are very few opportunities for consecutive sunny days. Therefore, due to the wet and rainy forage harvest season in many areas, high-quality forage such as alfalfa cannot be prepared into hay in time, resulting in serious loss of dry matter of forage during field drying. Nutrient retention rate is low. According to the statistics of relevant departments of the Ministry of Agriculture, the annual loss of stored grass in my country is about 300 million tons. Forage drying has become a bottleneck in the production of high-quality hay. The research and development of advanced forage drying equipment is imminent. At present, domestic artificial pasture drying equipment mainly includes drum type forage dryer, 93QH series coal-fired pasture drying unit, 93QH series drying unit, 93QH1000 fuel (gas) pasture drying unit, all of which use fuel oil, coal and gas as the main Therefore, the cost of pasture after drying is relatively high, industrialization is relatively difficult, and the economic benefits are not obvious.
太阳能是一种清洁、高效和永不衰竭的新能源。目前,各国政府都将太阳能资源利用作为国家可持续发展战略的重要内容。太阳能干燥器符合低碳经济的发展,是可持续的、节能减排产品,是太阳能行业发展的机遇。太阳能产业规模巨大,市场发展具有极大的潜力。近几年政府大力支持太阳能行业的发展,2009年出台了针对太阳能利用的一系列政策,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,增强可持续发展能力的要求。太阳能行业的前景是光明的,但道路是曲折的。具体到每个企业,由于每个企业的技术、产品和水平等等不一,所以,能否到达行业光明的彼岸取决于企业的综合实力。目前,我国太阳能干燥器行业产业发展不规范,企业自律性较弱。但是太阳能行业的发展必将会回归理性,企业需更加注重对产品品质的提升。本发明针对我国广大的农村牧区的农作物、农副产品、种子、畜牧产品、中草药等烘干脱水提出一种先进技术解决方案,可以解决能源来源问题,环境压力问题,太阳能利用周期问题、并提高了能源利用率。Solar energy is a clean, efficient and inexhaustible new energy source. At present, the governments of various countries regard the utilization of solar energy resources as an important content of the national sustainable development strategy. Solar dryers conform to the development of low-carbon economy, are sustainable, energy-saving and emission-reducing products, and are opportunities for the development of the solar industry. The scale of the solar energy industry is huge, and the market development has great potential. In recent years, the government has vigorously supported the development of the solar energy industry. In 2009, it issued a series of policies for the utilization of solar energy, building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and enhancing the requirements for sustainable development. The future of the solar industry is bright, but the road is tortuous. Specific to each enterprise, because each enterprise has different technologies, products and levels, etc., whether it can reach the bright side of the industry depends on the comprehensive strength of the enterprise. At present, the industrial development of my country's solar dryer industry is not standardized, and the self-discipline of enterprises is weak. However, the development of the solar energy industry will surely return to rationality, and enterprises need to pay more attention to the improvement of product quality. The present invention proposes an advanced technical solution for the drying and dehydration of crops, agricultural by-products, seeds, animal husbandry products, and Chinese herbal medicines in the vast rural pastoral areas of our country, which can solve the problems of energy source, environmental pressure, and solar energy utilization cycle. energy efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种内部吸收式太阳能干燥器,通过真空集热管将太阳辐射能转化为热量,利用热超导传热技术进行热量的传导,显著提高了热量利用率和传导效率;利用相变储能技术平衡温度的变化,有效调控干燥器的烘干温度;利用吸附除湿技术对空气进行除湿,得到干燥空气,从而可以实现对产品进行绿色、保质、无污染的中低温烘干。The invention provides an internal absorption solar dryer, which converts solar radiation energy into heat through a vacuum heat collecting tube, and utilizes thermal superconducting heat transfer technology to conduct heat conduction, which significantly improves heat utilization rate and conduction efficiency; utilizes phase change The energy storage technology balances the temperature change and effectively regulates the drying temperature of the dryer; the air is dehumidified by the adsorption dehumidification technology to obtain dry air, so that the product can be dried at medium and low temperatures in a green, quality-guaranteed, and pollution-free manner.
本发明采用的技术方案:内部吸收式太阳能干燥器,主要包括太阳能集热装置、干燥箱和控制系统,干燥箱内部从上到下依次设置至少一层相变储能抽屉、至少一层物料烘干抽屉、错流废热回收交换器与至少一层吸附除湿抽屉,并与干燥箱后内壁之间设置隔板,使隔板与干燥箱内壁围成预热空气流道;干燥箱的底部设置循环风机;The technical scheme adopted in the present invention: an internal absorption solar dryer mainly includes a solar heat collecting device, a drying box and a control system, and at least one layer of phase change energy storage drawers and at least one layer of material drying boxes are sequentially arranged inside the drying box from top to bottom. Dry drawer, cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger and at least one layer of adsorption dehumidification drawer, and a partition is set between the rear inner wall of the drying box, so that the partition and the inner wall of the drying box form a preheated air flow channel; the bottom of the drying box is provided with a circulation fan;
相变储能抽屉、物料烘干抽屉与吸附除湿抽屉的底部设置为筛网状;相变储能抽屉中放置固体相变储能材料,物料烘干抽屉中放置待烘干物料,吸附除湿抽屉中放置固体吸附除湿材料;错流废热回收交换器对应的干燥箱前端处设置进气口和排气口;The bottom of the phase change energy storage drawer, material drying drawer and adsorption dehumidification drawer is set in the shape of a screen; solid phase change energy storage materials are placed in the phase change energy storage drawer, materials to be dried are placed in the material drying drawer, and the adsorption dehumidification drawer Place solid adsorption dehumidification materials in the middle; set the air inlet and exhaust outlet at the front end of the drying box corresponding to the cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger;
太阳能集热装置主要包括真空集热管、热超导翅片管、管托和支架,热超导翅片管位于真空集热管内部;真空集热管倾斜布置与水平面成15-45度角;真空集热管的底端连接管托并用支架支撑;真空集热管的顶端与干燥箱的上部密封连接,且热超导翅片管伸入到干燥箱内部的预热空气流道。The solar heat collection device mainly includes vacuum heat collection tubes, thermal superconducting finned tubes, tube holders and brackets. The thermal superconducting finned tubes are located inside the vacuum heat collecting tubes; The bottom end of the heat pipe is connected to the pipe holder and supported by a bracket; the top of the vacuum heat collection pipe is sealed and connected with the upper part of the drying box, and the thermal superconducting finned tube extends into the preheated air flow channel inside the drying box.
进一步优化的,真空集热管的下方设置反光板,反光板与真空集热管相配合倾斜放置并用支架支撑。通过反光板反射透过真空集热管的太阳光,使真空集热管的背光面同样可以接受到太阳光,从而提高了太阳能集热效率和单位面积的集热量。For further optimization, a reflective plate is arranged under the vacuum heat collecting tube, and the reflective plate cooperates with the vacuum heat collecting tube and is placed obliquely and supported by a bracket. The reflective plate reflects the sunlight passing through the vacuum heat collecting tube, so that the backlight surface of the vacuum heat collecting tube can also receive sunlight, thereby improving the solar heat collection efficiency and the heat collection amount per unit area.
进一步优化的,干燥箱左右内壁的相应位置处设有支撑相变储能抽屉、物料烘干抽屉、错流废热回收交换器与吸附除湿抽屉的滑道,从而可通过抽拉相应的抽屉方便各种物料的取放或更换。Further optimization, the corresponding positions on the left and right inner walls of the drying box are provided with slides supporting the phase change energy storage drawer, material drying drawer, cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger and adsorption dehumidification drawer, so that each drawer can be conveniently drawn by pulling the corresponding drawers. Picking and replacing of materials.
进一步优化的,相变储能抽屉、物料烘干抽屉、吸附除湿抽屉对应的干燥箱前端处分别设置相应的密封门,起到密封作用,防止干燥箱内部的热量散失。Further optimized, corresponding airtight doors are set at the front end of the drying box corresponding to the phase change energy storage drawer, material drying drawer, and adsorption dehumidification drawer to play a sealing role and prevent heat loss inside the drying box.
进一步优化的,热超导翅片管伸入到干燥箱内部的部分上设置散热片,从而可以使流经散热片的干燥空气快速充分吸收热量进行预热。Further optimized, the part where the thermal superconducting finned tube protrudes into the drying box is provided with cooling fins, so that the dry air flowing through the cooling fins can quickly and fully absorb heat for preheating.
进一步优化的,干燥箱内壁上贴服保温材料形成保温层,可以有效防止干燥箱内部的热量散失。Further optimized, the thermal insulation material is pasted on the inner wall of the drying box to form an insulating layer, which can effectively prevent the heat loss inside the drying box.
进一步优化的,吸附除湿抽屉内设置湿度传感器,并与控制系统连接,监测湿度的变化,并及时提醒更换吸附除湿材料;循环风机与控制系统连接,可以实现对循环风量的调节。Further optimization, the humidity sensor is installed in the adsorption dehumidification drawer, and is connected with the control system to monitor the change of humidity, and remind to replace the adsorption dehumidification material in time; the circulation fan is connected to the control system to realize the adjustment of the circulation air volume.
进一步优化的,物料烘干抽屉内设置温度传感器和湿度传感器,并与控制系统连接,用于监测和控制待烘干物料的烘干情况。Further optimized, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are installed in the material drying drawer, and are connected with the control system to monitor and control the drying condition of the material to be dried.
进一步优化的,吸附除湿抽屉设置为两层,第一层放置超强吸水绵,第二层放置高吸水树脂。Further optimized, the adsorption dehumidification drawer is set to two layers, the first layer is placed with super absorbent sponge, and the second layer is placed with super absorbent resin.
本发明中太阳能集热装置中的真空集热管吸收太阳能,提供了烘干物料所需的热源;热超导翅片管进行热量的高效传导,将热量从真空集热管传导至干燥箱内部的预热空气流道处,并通过散热片对流经该处的干燥空气进行预热。干燥箱内部,在循环风机的作用下使干燥空气向上流动,进入预热空气流道。干燥空气在流经散热片时吸收热量,得到预热空气。然后,预热空气掉头向下流动,从上到下依次流经相变储能抽屉、物料烘干抽屉、错流废热回收交换器与吸附除湿抽屉,实现了在干燥箱内部的循环流动。The vacuum heat collecting tube in the solar heat collecting device in the present invention absorbs solar energy and provides the heat source required for drying materials; the thermal superconducting finned tube conducts heat efficiently, and conducts the heat from the vacuum heat collecting tube to the preheater inside the drying box. The hot air flow path is used to preheat the dry air passing through the heat sink. Inside the drying box, under the action of the circulating fan, the dry air flows upwards and enters the preheating air passage. Dry air absorbs heat as it flows through the fins, resulting in preheated air. Then, the preheated air turns around and flows downward, and flows through the phase change energy storage drawer, material drying drawer, cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger and adsorption dehumidification drawer in order from top to bottom, realizing the circulation flow inside the drying box.
当预热空气流经相变储能抽屉时,如果预热空气的温度高于固体相变储能材料的储能温度,可以将预热空气中的部分热量传输给固体相变储能材料储存起来;当预热空气温度低于储能温度,固体相变储能材料释放其存储的热量对预热空气进行进一步的预热。通过固体相变储能材料的储存或释放热量的过程,可以平衡热量随太阳能变化而产生的波动,有效调控了干燥箱温度的变化,还可以延长干燥时间和提高干燥速率。When the preheated air flows through the phase change energy storage drawer, if the temperature of the preheated air is higher than the energy storage temperature of the solid phase change energy storage material, part of the heat in the preheated air can be transferred to the solid phase change energy storage material for storage When the preheated air temperature is lower than the energy storage temperature, the solid phase change energy storage material releases its stored heat to further preheat the preheated air. Through the process of storing or releasing heat by the solid phase-change energy storage material, the fluctuation of heat with solar energy can be balanced, the temperature change of the drying box can be effectively regulated, and the drying time can be extended and the drying rate can be increased.
当预热空气流经物料烘干抽屉时,通过接触放置其中的待烘干物料进行烘干,并将待烘干物料蒸发出的水分带走,变成了含水分空气。这种预热空气接触待烘干物料并将蒸发水分带走的方式,可以显著提高烘干效率。When the preheated air flows through the material drying drawer, it is dried by contacting the material to be dried placed in it, and the moisture evaporated from the material to be dried is taken away, and becomes moisture-containing air. This method of preheating the air to contact the material to be dried and take away the evaporated water can significantly improve the drying efficiency.
当含水分空气流经错流废热回收交换器时,一部分含水分空气进入错流废热回收交换器中的垂直水平弯管,利用残余热量对从进气口进入的新空气行初步预热,然后从排气口中排出,从而提高了对热量的整体利用率。另一部分含水分空气进入错流废热回收交换器内的垂直管,然后直接进入吸附除湿抽屉。When the moisture-containing air flows through the cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger, a part of the moisture-containing air enters the vertical and horizontal elbows in the cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger, and the residual heat is used to preheat the new air entering from the air inlet, and then Exhausted from the exhaust port, which improves the overall utilization of heat. Another part of the moisture-laden air enters the vertical tubes in the cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger and then directly into the adsorption dehumidification drawer.
当含水分空气流经吸附除湿抽屉时,吸附除湿材料对含水分空气进行吸水除湿,同时也对进入的新空气也进行干燥除湿,从而得到了干燥空气。干燥空气受到循环风机的作用向上流动,返回到预热空气流道进行下一次循环。When the moisture-containing air flows through the adsorption dehumidification drawer, the adsorption dehumidification material absorbs water and dehumidifies the moisture-containing air, and at the same time dries and dehumidifies the incoming new air, thereby obtaining dry air. The dry air flows upwards under the action of the circulating fan, and returns to the preheated air channel for the next cycle.
本发明利用太阳能的一体化小型箱式干燥器,装置集成度高,结构紧凑,占地面积小,外观整齐;利用热超导翅片管传导热量提高了传导速率,也降低了传导过程中的热损耗;利用抽屉式结构放置各种物料,从而方便各种物料的取用或更换;利用固体相变储能材料的存储或释放热量的过程,平衡预热空气温度的波动,延长了干燥时间;通过预热空气与待烘干物料的接触并带走蒸发的水分,提高了烘干效率和速率;利用密封门的密封作用和保温层的保温作用,空气在干燥箱内部的持续循环,减少了热量散失,显著提高了热量的整体利用率;通过温度传感器和湿度传感器与控制系统连接,对烘干情况进行监测,实现了数字化控制;本发明可广泛用于农村牧区粮食、种子、果蔬、农副产品、肉食、中草药的烘干。The integrated small box-type dryer using solar energy in the present invention has high device integration, compact structure, small footprint, and neat appearance; the use of thermal superconducting finned tubes to conduct heat improves the conduction rate and reduces the heat transfer rate during the conduction process. Heat loss; use the drawer structure to place various materials, so as to facilitate the taking or replacement of various materials; use the process of storing or releasing heat of solid phase change energy storage materials to balance the fluctuation of the temperature of the preheated air and prolong the drying time ;By preheating the air in contact with the material to be dried and taking away the evaporated water, the drying efficiency and speed are improved; the air is continuously circulated inside the drying box by using the sealing effect of the airtight door and the heat preservation effect of the insulation layer, reducing the drying time. The heat loss is greatly improved, and the overall utilization rate of heat is significantly improved; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are connected to the control system to monitor the drying situation and realize digital control; the invention can be widely used in rural pastoral areas for grain, seeds, fruits and vegetables, Drying of agricultural by-products, meat, and Chinese herbal medicines.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明装置正视图;Fig. 1 is the front view of device of the present invention;
图2为本发明装置后视图;Fig. 2 is a rear view of the device of the present invention;
图3为本发明装置侧视图;Fig. 3 is a side view of the device of the present invention;
图4为本发明装置俯视图;Fig. 4 is a top view of the device of the present invention;
图5为本发明装置剖面图。Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the device of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图和实施例,对本发明作进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1-5所示,本发明中主要包括太阳能集热装置、干燥箱1和控制系统,干燥箱1内部从上到下依次设置一层相变储能抽屉2、三层物料烘干抽屉3、错流废热回收交换器4与两层吸附除湿抽屉5,并与干燥箱1后内壁之间设置隔板6,使隔板6与干燥箱1内壁围成预热空气流道7;干燥箱1的底部设置循环风机8;干燥箱1内壁上贴服保温材料形成保温层16;As shown in Figures 1-5, the present invention mainly includes a solar heat collection device, a drying box 1 and a control system. A layer of phase-change energy storage drawer 2 and a three-layer material drying drawer are sequentially arranged inside the drying box 1 from top to bottom. 3. The cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger 4 and the two-layer adsorption dehumidification drawer 5, and a partition 6 is set between the rear inner wall of the drying box 1, so that the partition 6 and the inner wall of the drying box 1 form a preheating air flow channel 7; A circulation fan 8 is arranged at the bottom of the box 1; thermal insulation material is pasted on the inner wall of the drying box 1 to form a thermal insulation layer 16;
相变储能抽屉2、物料烘干抽屉3与吸附除湿抽屉5的底部设置为筛网状;相变储能抽屉2中放置固体相变储能材料,物料烘干抽屉3中放置待烘干物料,吸附除湿抽屉5中放置固体吸附除湿材料;吸附除湿抽屉5设置为两层,第一层放置超强吸水绵,第二层放置高吸水树脂;The bottoms of phase change energy storage drawer 2, material drying drawer 3 and adsorption dehumidification drawer 5 are set in the shape of a screen; solid phase change energy storage material is placed in phase change energy storage drawer 2, and the material drying drawer 3 is placed to be dried Materials, solid adsorption dehumidification materials are placed in the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5; the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5 is set in two layers, the first layer is placed with super absorbent cotton, and the second layer is placed with super absorbent resin;
错流废热回收交换器4对应的干燥箱1前端处设置进气口9和排气口10;干燥箱1左右内壁的相应位置处设有支撑相变储能抽屉2、物料烘干抽屉3、错流废热回收交换器4与吸附除湿抽屉5的滑道;相变储能抽屉2、物料烘干抽屉3、吸附除湿抽屉5对应的干燥箱1前端处分别设置相应的密封门18;The front end of the drying box 1 corresponding to the cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger 4 is provided with an air inlet 9 and an exhaust port 10; the corresponding positions on the left and right inner walls of the drying box 1 are provided with supporting phase change energy storage drawers 2, material drying drawers 3, The cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger 4 and the slideway of the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5; the phase change energy storage drawer 2, the material drying drawer 3, and the front end of the drying box 1 corresponding to the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5 are respectively provided with corresponding airtight doors 18;
太阳能集热装置主要包括真空集热管11、热超导翅片管12、管托13和支架14,热超导翅片管12位于真空集热管11内部;真空集热管11倾斜布置与水平面成15-45度角;真空集热管11的底端连接管托13并用支架14支撑;真空集热管11的顶端与干燥箱1的上部密封连接,且热超导翅片管12伸入到干燥箱1内部的预热空气流道7;热超导翅片管12伸入到干燥箱1内部的部分上设置散热片17;真空集热管11的下方设置反光板15,反光板15与真空集热管11相配合倾斜放置并用支架14支撑;The solar heat collecting device mainly includes a vacuum heat collecting tube 11, a thermal superconducting finned tube 12, a tube support 13 and a bracket 14, and the thermal superconducting finned tube 12 is located inside the vacuum heat collecting tube 11; -45 degree angle; the bottom end of the vacuum heat collecting tube 11 is connected to the tube support 13 and supported by a bracket 14; the top of the vacuum heat collecting tube 11 is sealed and connected to the upper part of the drying box 1, and the thermal superconducting finned tube 12 extends into the drying box 1 The inner preheating air channel 7; the thermal superconducting finned tube 12 extending into the part of the drying box 1 is provided with a cooling fin 17; Cooperate with inclined placement and support with bracket 14;
吸附除湿抽屉5内设置湿度传感器,并与控制系统连接;循环风机8与控制系统连接;物料烘干抽屉3内设置温度传感器和湿度传感器,并与控制系统连接。A humidity sensor is set in the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5 and connected to the control system; a circulation fan 8 is connected to the control system; a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are set in the material drying drawer 3 and connected to the control system.
本发明中太阳能集热装置中的真空集热管11用于吸收太阳能,太阳光直射或者经反光板15反射到真空集热管11上,真空集热管11将吸收的太阳辐射能转化为热能,提供了烘干物料所需的热量。热超导翅片管12进行热量的高效传导,将热量从真空集热管11传导至干燥箱1内部的预热空气流道7处,并通过散热片17对流经该处的干燥空气进行预热。The vacuum heat collection tube 11 in the solar heat collection device of the present invention is used to absorb solar energy, and the sunlight is directly irradiated or reflected on the vacuum heat collection tube 11 through the reflector 15, and the vacuum heat collection tube 11 converts the absorbed solar radiation energy into heat energy, providing The heat required to dry the material. The thermal superconducting finned tube 12 conducts heat efficiently, conducts heat from the vacuum heat collecting tube 11 to the preheated air flow channel 7 inside the drying box 1, and preheats the dry air flowing through the place through the heat sink 17 .
干燥箱1内部,在循环风机8的作用下使干燥空气向上流动,进入预热空气流道7。干燥空气在流经散热片17时吸收热量,得到预热空气。然后,预热空气掉头向下流动,从上到下依次流经相变储能抽屉2、物料烘干抽屉3、错流废热回收交换器4与吸附除湿抽屉5,实现了部分热空气在干燥箱内部循环流动。Inside the drying box 1 , under the action of the circulating fan 8 , the dry air flows upwards and enters the preheating air passage 7 . The dry air absorbs heat when flowing through the cooling fins 17 to obtain preheated air. Then, the preheated air turns around and flows downward, and flows through the phase change energy storage drawer 2, the material drying drawer 3, the cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger 4 and the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5 in order from top to bottom, realizing the drying of part of the hot air. Circulating flow inside the tank.
当预热空气流经相变储能抽屉2时,如果预热空气的温度高于固体相变储能材料的储能温度,可以将预热空气中的部分热量传输给固体相变储能材料储存起来;当预热空气温度低于储能温度,固体相变储能材料释放其存储的热量对预热空气进行进一步的预热。通过固体相变储能材料的储存或释放热量的过程,可以平衡热量随太阳能变化而产生的波动,有效调控了干燥箱1温度的变化,还可以延长干燥时间和提高干燥速率。When the preheated air flows through the phase change energy storage drawer 2, if the temperature of the preheated air is higher than the energy storage temperature of the solid phase change energy storage material, part of the heat in the preheated air can be transferred to the solid phase change energy storage material Stored; when the preheated air temperature is lower than the energy storage temperature, the solid phase change energy storage material releases its stored heat to further preheat the preheated air. Through the process of storing or releasing heat by the solid phase-change energy storage material, the fluctuation of heat generated by the change of solar energy can be balanced, the temperature change of the drying box 1 can be effectively regulated, and the drying time and drying rate can also be prolonged.
当预热空气流经物料烘干抽屉3时,通过接触放置其中的待烘干物料进行烘干,并将待烘干物料蒸发出的水分带走,变成了含水分空气。这种预热空气接触待烘干物料并将蒸发水分带走的方式,可以显著提高烘干效率。物料烘干抽屉3内的温度传感器和湿度传感器可以监测待烘干物料的烘干情况,当烘干完成后,通过打开相应的密封门18并拉出物料烘干抽屉3,可以方便的取出已烘干的物料,以及方便的更换下一批待烘干物料。When the preheated air flows through the material drying drawer 3, it is dried by contacting the material to be dried placed therein, and the moisture evaporated from the material to be dried is taken away, and becomes moisture-containing air. This method of preheating the air to contact the material to be dried and take away the evaporated water can significantly improve the drying efficiency. The temperature sensor and the humidity sensor in the material drying drawer 3 can monitor the drying situation of the material to be dried. Drying materials, and convenient replacement of the next batch of materials to be dried.
当含水分空气流经错流废热回收交换器4时,一部分含水分空气进入错流废热回收交换器4中的垂直水平弯管,利用残余热量对从进气口9进入的新空气行初步预热,然后从排气口10中排出,从而提高了对热量的整体利用率。另一部分含水分空气进入错流废热回收交换器4内的垂直管,然后直接进入吸附除湿抽屉5。When the moisture-containing air flows through the cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger 4, a part of the moisture-containing air enters the vertical and horizontal elbows in the cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger 4, and the residual heat is used to preliminarily pre-condition the new air entering from the air inlet 9. The heat is then discharged from the exhaust port 10, thereby improving the overall utilization of heat. The other part of moisture-containing air enters the vertical pipe in the cross-flow waste heat recovery exchanger 4, and then directly enters the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5.
当含水分空气流经吸附除湿抽屉5时,第一层放置的超强吸水绵先对含水分空气进行初次吸水;然后,第二层放置的高吸水树脂进行二次除湿,从而得到干燥空气。同时,进入的新空气也需要流经吸附除湿抽屉5进行干燥除湿,变成干燥空气。干燥空气受到循环风机8的作用向上流动,返回到预热空气流道7进行下一次循环。吸附除湿抽屉5的湿度传感器可以检测吸附除湿材料的湿度变化情况,当控制系统提醒需要更换吸附除湿材料时,通过打开相应的密封门18并拉出吸附除湿抽屉5,可以方便的更换新的吸附除湿材料。When the moisture-containing air flows through the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5, the super-absorbent sponge placed on the first layer first absorbs water from the moisture-containing air; then, the superabsorbent resin placed on the second layer performs secondary dehumidification to obtain dry air. At the same time, the incoming new air also needs to flow through the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5 for drying and dehumidification, and becomes dry air. The dry air flows upwards under the action of the circulating fan 8, and returns to the preheated air channel 7 for the next cycle. The humidity sensor of the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5 can detect the humidity change of the adsorption dehumidification material. When the control system reminds that the adsorption dehumidification material needs to be replaced, by opening the corresponding airtight door 18 and pulling out the adsorption dehumidification drawer 5, a new adsorption dehumidification material can be easily replaced. dehumidifying material.
最后需要说明的是,以上文字和附图描述了本发明的主要结构特征和工作原理,但是本领域的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述具体实施方式的的限制,在不脱离本发明基本设计构思的前提下,对本发明所做的多种变形方式也应该在本发明的的保护范围内。Finally, it should be noted that the above text and accompanying drawings have described the main structural features and working principles of the present invention, but those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned specific implementation methods, without departing from the basic principles of the present invention. Under the premise of the design concept, various deformation modes of the present invention should also be within the protection scope of the present invention.
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