CN106636508B - A kind of efficient circulation utilizes the iron-smelting process of top gas - Google Patents

A kind of efficient circulation utilizes the iron-smelting process of top gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106636508B
CN106636508B CN201610924661.2A CN201610924661A CN106636508B CN 106636508 B CN106636508 B CN 106636508B CN 201610924661 A CN201610924661 A CN 201610924661A CN 106636508 B CN106636508 B CN 106636508B
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sinter
gas
blast furnace
reduction
prereduction
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CN106636508A (en
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吕庆
兰臣臣
刘小杰
孙艳芹
郄亚娜
张淑会
刘颂
李建鹏
赵宴崇
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North China University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of efficient circulation utilizes the iron-smelting process of top gas.The sinter that making full use of the reduction potential of top gas has sintering machine tail higher temperature carries out prereduction, eliminates Sinter In The Blast Furnace reduction degradation phenomenon, improves the metallurgical performance into stove furnace charge.Sintering circular-cooler is banned using sinter prereduction and cooling shaft furnace, high efficiente callback sinter waste heat is realized, reduces sintering energy consumption.Coal gas circulation process：Blast furnace → deduster → pressue device → sinter prereduction and cooling shaft furnace → waste-heat recovery device → pressue device → gas making reburner → pressue device → blast furnace.Sinter reduction, cooling process：Tail finished product sinter → thermal crusher → sinter prereduction is transported to adjustment of Top Charging Equipment with cooling shaft furnace → final sinter screening screening plant →.

Description

A kind of efficient circulation utilizes the iron-smelting process of top gas
Technical field
The present invention relates to iron and steel industry technical fields, and in particular to a kind of efficient circulation is burnt using top gas reduction Tie the energy-saving and emission-reduction new technology of ore deposit, recycling sinter waste heat and reformer gas.Suitable for blast furnace ironmaking flow.
Background technology
1st, sintering circuit waste heat recovery
2015, Chinese 6.914 hundred million t of pig iron yield accounted for the 58.89% of WORLD PIG IRON PRODUCTION；3.8 hundred million tce of steel energy consumption, Account for 13% or so of national total energy consumption.Blast furnace process energy consumption and CO2Discharge capacity accounts for the 49.0% and 53.0% of steel and iron industry respectively.It can See, the energy-saving and emission-reduction of blast furnace process are most important for China's economy and social development；
In sinter production process, temperature at 900 DEG C or so, need to be cooled to 150 to tail sinter after crushing A series of subsequent processing processes such as whole grain, transport, charging could be carried out below DEG C.Recycling to tail sinter waste heat is Reduce one of blast furnace process sintering energy consumption important channel.At present, sinter, which cools down, uses blowing-type ring cold machine, more than tail sinter Recuperation of heat is primarily present problems with：
1）Cooling system air leak rate of air curtain is higher.In general, the top air leak rate of air curtain of large and medium-sized sinter cooler is 15% ~ 20%, Lower part air leak rate of air curtain 20% ~ 30%.Estimated, the generated energy that top is leaked out and lost accounts for the 27.3% of existing generated energy so that agglomerant Sequence energy consumption increases by 1.25 ~ 1.56kgce, and lower part is leaked out so that sintering circuit energy consumption increases by 0.25 ~ 0.27kgce；
2）Sinter waste heat recovery rate is relatively low.With certain typical 360m of domestic contrast2For sintering machine, cooling section can divide It is 5 sections, one section, two sections of cooling is followed successively by from the beginning of cooling to discharging, until five section.It is only cold to ring based on state-of-the art One section and the cold two sections of progress waste heat recovery of ring, and the waste heat for cooling down three sections~five sections is directly diffused.It is sintered in three sections~five sections The heat carried needed for ore deposit accounts for about the 35% of sinter residual heat resources total amount.In other words, current 35% sinter waste heat diffuses in vain；
3）It is relatively low to cool down exhaust gas quality, secondary pollution occurs.In cooler, handed between sinter and cooling wind for gas-solid Cross-flow heat exchange is pitched, and because sintered ore materials layer height is limited（The country is usually no more than 1.3m）So that heat transfer time is shorter, this Sample, the hot wind for allowing for completing refrigerating function cool down the temperature of exhaust gas from root it is not possible that too high.With regard to domestic current From the point of view of level, 350 ~ 380 DEG C of one-step cooling exhaust gas temperature average out to, two-step cooling exhaust gas temperature is 300 ~ 330 DEG C, causes to cool down Exhaust gas quality is relatively low, and recycling thermal efficiency is relatively low.In addition, this structure has been inevitably resulted in exhaust gas and has been contained cooler at present There are a large amount of particulate matters, become the source of atmospheric pollution of sintering work area priority control.
2nd, sinter prereduction, reduction reduction degradation
Sintering process is completed in weak oxide atmosphere.The oxide of iron is with Fe in sintering finished ores3O4、Fe2O3And part FeO is formed, and sinter enters after blast furnace the chemical energy that consume coal gas, thermal energy carries out the reduction step by step of ferriferous oxide.Therefore, it burns The reducing property of knot ore deposit is an important factor for influencing blast furnace energy consumption.It is blast furnace to improve Metallurgical Properties of Sinter especially reducing property The target that technological progress long-term endeavour is pursued.But the main means for improving sinter reducing property at present are to improve sinter Performance reduces FeO Content in Sinter by sintering technology and technology controlling and process means, reaches and improve its reproducibility.To high alkalinity For (R=1.9 ~ 2.3) sinter, custom requirementsRI>85%, high requestRI>90%.The undesirable sinter of reproducibility can cause to burn The reflow conductor roll for tying ore deposit is deteriorated, and so as to influence the utilization rate of the gas permeability of blast furnace melting with soft and upper blast furnace coal gas, makes in blast furnace Indirect reduction reduces, and is reduced directly (rd) ratio raising, influence the fuel ratio and yield of blast furnace.Enter the indirect of stove ore deposit according to statistics to go back Original reduce by 10%, will make blast furnace coke ratio raising and yield reduce each 8% ~ 9%, current China's blast furnace fuel than level conditions under, Blast furnace fuel ratio will increase more than 40kg/t.Therefore, ironmaking worker should attach great importance to the reproducibility index of sinter.To burning Knot ore deposit carries out prereduction and has not been reported both at home and abroad at present；
The low-temperature reduction disintegration energy of sinter（RDI）Refer to that sinter is packed into after blast furnace in 400 ~ 600 DEG C of low temperature item Under part, since reduction generates the situation of dusting degree, sinter restores the main of generation dusting under cryogenic after entering blast furnace The reason is that sinter skeleton crystal shape bloodstone (also known as regenerating bloodstone) restores at low temperature occurs lattice transformation (Fe2O3It is changed into Fe3O4Cubic lattice is become from hexagoinal lattice in the process) great internal stress is generated, lead to sinter fragmentation.Sintering is caused to generate The reason of low temperature reduction degradation is various, has mineral, with carbon, A12O3And TiO2The factors such as content.By blast furnace dissection and height Stove top sampling site-test analysis understands that the low temperature reduction degradation of sinter is the restricted link of upper blast furnace gas permeability.China's smelting Golden professional standard (YB/T -2005) regulationRDI +3.15>72%, it should generally spray pulverization inhibitor less than standard 10%.At present I State's sinterRDI +3.15It is universal relatively low, blast fumance is caused and is seriously affected.Existing production practice data proves, sinter 'sRDI -3.15Increase by 10%, more than 3% furnace processor will be influenced, fuel ratio rises 1.5%, and (fuel ratio will under present circumstances level Rise 7.8kg/t) more than.Therefore when sinteringRDI +3.15Should adopt an effective measure less than 62%, improves the low-temperature reduction of sinter Intensity, to keep the top stability of blast furnace.Research shows that sinter is through spraying CaCl2After solution, low temperature reduction degradation Index can improve 50% or so, substantially improve the gas permeability of upper blast furnace stock column.But thus bring the CaCl of blast furnace into2Also can Increase, chemical reaction occurs and forms gaseous chloride, negative impact is brought to blast furnace process and equipment.
3rd, top gas is recycled
Modern blast furnace tends to be ripe substantially in technique, equipment and technology etc., and energy-saving and emission-reduction work without too big sky Between, therefore, starting the new energy-conserving and emission-cutting technology of blast furnace ironmaking will be as the emphasis studied from now on.Domestic and international research institution and steel This has done numerous studies in enterprise, and achieves certain achievement.For example, blast furnace hydrogen-rich is smelted, top gas recycling utilizes Technology has become current research hotspot.Top gas contains a certain amount of CO, it is made to recycle energy using the advantage Blast furnace is enough made to reduce energy consumption, improve production efficiency, reduce CO2Discharge.Its process route is dehydrated first for coal gas, de- CO2, so It pressurizes afterwards, heating blasts blast furnace crucibe, and oxygen-enriched simultaneously from air port.Commerical test proves, after taking injection top gas, Ratio of putting coke into furnace is 433kg/t, average daily production 1358t/d.Blast furnace coke ratio can reduce about 28.5%, volume increase about 27.3%.Research Show simply blast furnace gas spirt blast-furnace tuyere or blast furnace gas it is oxygen-enriched after spray into again air port cause productivity reduce, Fuel ratio increases.Stock gas must remove CO therein2, and hot also Primordial Qi and oxygen is made and sprays into blast furnace simultaneously.In mesh Under preceding technical conditions, the use of blast furnace blowing stock gas technology can increase ironmaking cost.But in CO2Under the pressure of emission reduction, into Row research and application are also trend of the times；
Effectively to solve problem above, propose to carry out the high temperature sinter that sintering terminates using top gas pre- Reduction, improves the degree of metalization into stove sinter, improves dusting and the reflow conductor roll of furnace charge, while carry out waste heat to sinter and return It receives, bans sintered ring cool equipment, improve waste heat recovery rate, the tail gas after reduction enters gas making, reburner as gas-forming agent, generates High temperature hydrogen-rich gas is recycled into blast furnace.
Invention content
Present disclosure is to carry out prereduction, while cool down sinter simultaneously to tail sinter using top gas Heat is recycled, the gas after reduction enters gas making, reburner, is reformed through gas making, reburner and generates coal gas of high temperature again Injection enters blast furnace.The purpose of research is to recycle top gas, reaches blast furnace process energy-saving and emission-reduction, improves sinter The purpose of metallurgical performance.
1st, prereduction is carried out to sinter using high stock gas.Top gas contains a large amount of CO, H2Reduction potential Relatively strong, sinter has 900 DEG C or so high temperature when reaching tail.Rear of sintering machine crusher lower set up sinter prereduction, Shaft furnace is cooled down, broken high temperature sinter is packed into from shaft furnace top, and lower part is passed through top gas.The sintering moved downward Ore deposit and the coal gas flowed up move toward one another, and sinter is reduced and cools down；
1）Under the conditions of reducing atmosphere and certain temperature, high price iron converts ferriferous oxide to low price iron, reacts：
3Fe2O3(s)+CO(g)=2Fe3O4(s)+CO2(g) （1）
2Fe3O4(s)+2CO(g)=6FeO(s)+2CO2(g) （2）
FeO(s)+CO(g)=Fe(s)+CO2(g) （3）
Same ferriferous oxide reduction reaction also occurs for the hydrogen in coal gas.Top gas has higher reduction potential, In 900 DEG C of hot conditions following formulas（1）, formula（2）It is fiercer to carry out, in certain time following formula（3）Also can occur.Therefore through prereduction Sinter reduction rate, degree of metalization improve after processing, blast furnace coke ratio can be greatly lowered, while can improve blast furnace process condition, Achieve the purpose that improve yield and reduce cost；
2）Fe2O3Presence be sinter low temperature reduction degradation basic reason.In 500 DEG C or so region Fe of blast furnace2O3Quilt It is reduced to Fe3O4Volume expansion occurs and generates a large amount of powder, is less than the powder of 3.15mm very after vanadium-titanium sinter low-temperature reduction To reaching 70%, blast furnace is seriously affected and has normally produced.Heat exchange and reaction characteristics due to blast furnace determine Fe2O3It is reduced to Fe3O4A large amount of powder are inevitably generated, it can be said that it is irreversible that sinter generates reduction powder in blast furnace. Utilize the CO and H in top gas2, ore deposit prereduction reduction is sintered in sinter prereduction, cooling shaft furnace equipment Fe in sinter2O3Content, the powder generated in reduction shaft furnace is screened out before entering blast furnace, into the prereduced sinter of blast furnace In low-temperature reduction, powder is not produced in powder reduction even.In blast furnace gas permeability and gas flow distribution be improved significantly, coke ratio and CO2 Discharge capacity reduce.
2nd, sinter is cooled down instead of sintered ring cool equipment using sinter prereduction, cooling shaft furnace, it is effective to solve The problems such as ring cool equipment air leak rate of air curtain of having determined is high, and cooling effect is poor, and recycling thermal efficiency is low；
Since shaft furnace airtight performance is good, volume is using greatly, hot and cold medium is counterflow exchange, and sinter cooling efficiency is high, real Show sinter uniformly to cool down, improve sinter quality；Since shaft furnace heat exchange is counterflow exchange, sinter heat is substantially complete Portion is absorbed by coal gas, is computed waste heat recovery rate and be can reach more than 90%, and 50% or so is improved than ring cold machine；It is in addition, cold with ring Machine is compared, and shaft furnace does not need to power, therefore reduce cost recovery substantially to reduction, the cooling of sinter, realizes efficient, low The purpose of consumption recycling sinter waste heat.
3rd, the coal gas that sinter prereduction, cooling shaft furnace exclude enters gas making by pressue device after heat recovery, turns Change stove as gas-forming agent.Coal gas CO concentration after reduction reduces, CO2Concentration increases, after reforming reduction using gas making, reburner Coal gas makes CO2CO is converted into, conversion ratio reaches more than 95%, takes full advantage of CO in coal gas2Resource.It is very strong having after reforming The coal gas of reduction potential sprays into blast furnace again, and heat exchange and chemical reaction in blast furnace are participated in instead of coke or coal dust, reduces blast furnace Energy consumption improves blast furnace process condition, realizes energy Conservation of Blast Furnace emission reduction and reduces the purpose of cost.The part coal discharged through blast furnace roof Gas is again introduced into sinter prereduction, cooling shaft furnace, realizes the purpose that top gas efficient circulation utilizes.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the efficient circulation using the iron-smelting process of top gas；
It is marked in figure as follows：
1. blast-furnace body, 2. dedusters, 3. pressue devices, 4. sinter prereduction and cooling shaft furnace, 5. final sinter screenings Screening plant, 6. waste-heat recovery devices, 7. gas making reburners, 8. sintering machines, 9. crushers.
Specific embodiment
Top gas is after dedusting, by gas pipeline transportation service to sintering mill (plant).After pressurization sinter is sprayed into from bottom Prereduction, cooling shaft furnace form convective motion with the high temperature sinter constantly declined, sinter are restored, is carried out at the same time It cools.Prereduction, sinter after cooling are discharged shaft furnace through final sinter screening, screening plant sieve classification, and qualification is burnt Knot mining belt conveyer is transported in adjustment of Top Charging Equipment.The coal gas that sinter prereduction, cooling vertical furnace top row go out By waste-heat recovery device, to its heat recovery and utilization.After recycling heat, coal gas is after pressue device pressurizes, with pure oxygen one With gas making, reburner is blown into, high temperature hydrogen-rich gas is generated through gas making and conversion, then injection enters blast furnace.Pass through above-mentioned work Skill realizes blast furnace gas and recycles.
Coal gas circulation process：Blast furnace → deduster → pressue device → sinter prereduction, cooling shaft furnace → waste heat recovery Device → pressue device → gas making, reburner → pressue device → blast furnace.
Sinter reduction, cooling process：Tail finished product sinter → thermal crusher → sinter prereduction, cooling shaft furnace → Final sinter screening, screening plant → be transported to adjustment of Top Charging Equipment.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of efficient circulation utilizes the iron-smelting process flow of top gas, right using top gas reduction potential The high temperature sinter that tail unloads carries out prereduction, while sinter is cooled down, and obtains prereduced sinter, and recycle high-temperature coal The heat that gas carries；Coal gas after cooling sprays into blast furnace again after gas making, reburner are reformed, and technological process is as follows：
Prereduction is carried out, while cool down sinter and heat is returned to sintering machine tail sinter using top gas It receives, the gas after reduction enters gas making, reburner, and reforming generation coal gas of high temperature through gas making, reburner is blown again into blast furnace, Top gas is recycled, reaches blast furnace process energy-saving and emission-reduction, improves the purpose of Metallurgical Properties of Sinter：
1) blast furnace roof is contained into CO and H2Coal gas, by gas pipeline transportation service to sintering mill (plant) after dedusting；
2) a sinter prereduction, cooling shaft furnace are set under rear of sintering machine crusher, shaft furnace bottom sets an exhaust outlet, Thus stock gas can be located to spray into, reduction unloads sinter, while it is cooled down with 900 DEG C of tail, completion reduction, Coal gas of high temperature after cooling goes out through vertical furnace top row；
3) coal gas of high temperature that vertical furnace top row goes out enters waste-heat recovery device, recycles heat；
4) coal gas after heat recovery enters gas making by pressue device, reburner is used as gas-forming agent, makes CO2CO is converted into, is reformed Coal gas blast furnace is sprayed by air port again.
2. efficient circulation as described in claim 1 utilizes the iron-smelting process flow of top gas, it is characterised in that fully Rear of sintering machine sinter is restored using top gas, the coal gas CO concentration after reduction reduces, CO2Concentration increases, and utilizes The coal gas after reduction is reformed in gas making, reburner, makes CO2It is converted into CO conversion ratios and reaches more than 95%, it is very strong having after reforming The coal gas of reduction potential sprays into blast furnace again, takes full advantage of CO in coal gas2Resource.
CN201610924661.2A 2016-10-30 2016-10-30 A kind of efficient circulation utilizes the iron-smelting process of top gas Expired - Fee Related CN106636508B (en)

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CN113570108B (en) * 2021-06-24 2024-01-09 鞍钢股份有限公司 Large blast furnace burden direct reduction rate and calculation method for determining charging coke ratio thereof
CN113584240B (en) * 2021-07-28 2023-01-06 北京首钢股份有限公司 Blast furnace material distribution method
CN113718074A (en) * 2021-09-03 2021-11-30 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 Low-carbon blast furnace iron-making method
CN115371448A (en) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-22 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Flue gas treatment system and method in titanium slag smelting process

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CN104131122A (en) * 2014-07-25 2014-11-05 北京科技大学 High-temperature gas injection-based iron-making technology

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CN104131122A (en) * 2014-07-25 2014-11-05 北京科技大学 High-temperature gas injection-based iron-making technology

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