CN106632850A - 一种氧化还原响应型溶致液晶材料 - Google Patents
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- C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
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Abstract
一种氧化还原响应型溶致液晶材料,所述材料分子式为:11‑二茂铁基正十一烷基甲基丙烯酸乙酯基二甲基溴化铵,所述材料能够实现还原态(I+)和氧化态(I2+)的可逆转换,所述可逆转换能够在室温下进行。在药物控释、洗涤、微乳化技术与食品工业等许多领域也有着广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
一种氧化还原响应型溶致液晶材料,特别涉及一种响应光聚合、氧化还原反应的溶致液晶材料。
背景技术
表面活性剂的分子结构具有双亲性:一端为亲水基团,另一端为憎水基团,这种结构既能溶于水,又有较强的逃逸的趋势,既可在界面形成吸附,又可在溶液中通过自组装而聚集形成超分子体系如胶束、囊泡、脂质体、单层及多层分子膜等。近年来,含有二茂铁基团的表面活性剂已经引起了研究者们的关注。在氧化还原调控研究方面,日本的Saji等研究组报道了FcCH2N+(CH3)2CnH2n+1Br-(n=8,12,16)表面活性剂在水溶液中聚集行为。研究表明,利用二茂铁基团的氧化与还原,可以可逆的调控其在水溶液的胶束状态:还原态时,处于胶束状态,当处于氧化状态时,二茂铁基团从憎水性变成了亲水性,胶束被破坏,而当被还原时,胶束又会重新形成。
表面活性剂在一定的浓度范围内能形成溶致液晶相织构,其有装载药物分子的能力并具有良好的生物膜渗透性,又因为其黏度大的特点,对药物分子可达到控释的目的,有望用于药物控释等领域。另外,溶致液晶在洗涤、微乳化技术与食品工业等许多领域也有着广泛的应用前景。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的问题,本申请提出一种氧化还原响应型溶致液晶材料所述材料分子式为:11-二茂铁基正十一烷基甲基丙烯酸乙酯基二甲基溴化铵,所述材料能够实现还原态(I+)和氧化态(I2+)的可逆转换,如图4所示,11-二茂铁基正十一烷基甲基丙烯酸乙酯基二甲基溴化铵的二茂铁基处于还原态时,记为I+,当分子中的二茂铁基被氧化时(例如加入硫酸铁),失去电子,处于氧化态,记为I2+,并且这个过程可逆,可以加入还原剂被还原(例如加入抗坏血酸),重回I+)。
图4 I+的化学结构式以及其电子转移反应式(还原态(I+)和氧化态(I2+)的可逆转换);
可优选的是,所述可逆转换能够在室温下进行。
可优选的是,氧化时,在所述材料中加入1.1倍摩尔量的氧化剂硫酸铁,还原时是加入1.1倍摩尔量的还原剂抗坏血酸,所述材料的水体系在还原态时为黄色液体,氧化后为蓝 色液体。
可优选的是,在50wt%I+水溶液中,硫酸铁氧化后,处于还原态的I+水溶液原有的三级衍射峰全部消失,I2+水溶液处于无定形态;通过光聚合的方法固定I+水溶液的溶致液晶结构,采用对浓度50wt%I+水溶液原位光聚合,发现聚合后,XRD衍射峰有序度减低,但仍然可以观察到衍射峰,说明有序结构得以保持,只是有序程度有所下降;即通过紫外光引发,成功实现了I+的光聚合,聚合后液晶织构保持。
可优选的是,在高浓度的I+水溶液存在溶致液晶行为;所述高浓度的I+水溶液具体为≥40wt%。
可优选的是,室温下I+的水溶液存在长程有序结构,I+水溶液在40~60wt%浓度范围内都是典型的层状结构,随着浓度的提高,层状结构越发规整,超过60wt%,溶液粘度很高,未观察到明显有序结构;在浓度为30wt%时,体系没有明显双折射现象即没有溶质液晶现象,当体系粘度提高到40wt%时,体系可以观察到双折射现象即开始存在溶质液晶现象,随着浓度的进一步提高,双折射现象越发明显,即溶质液晶有序度明显提高。
可优选的是,在紫外光下能够完成聚合。
一种如上述的所述材料的聚合方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)在I+的水溶液中,加入紫外光引发剂,和光交联剂,形成混合体系;
(2)对混合体系通入氩气鼓泡,进行除氧30分钟,除氧完成后,用橡皮塞密封;
(3)用紫外光光照进行聚合,所述紫外光照的光强为3mW/cm2;
(4)在I+的重水体系中,监控双键的质子峰是否完全消失,如果未完全消失,则继续步骤
(3),如果消失,则进入步骤(5);
(5)聚合完成。
可优选的是,所述紫外光引发剂为2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰苯(DMPA),其单体的1wt%;所述光交联剂为邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP),其单体的2wt%。
可优选的是,所述聚合聚合时间一般为5分钟。
该表面活性剂具有良好的电化学可逆性。高浓度的I+水溶液存在溶致液晶行为,即在浓度40%~60wt%范围,I+为层状溶致液晶。通过硫酸铁溶液对的氧化,溶致液晶现象会消失。通过紫外光引发,成功实现了I+的原位聚合,聚合后液晶织构保持。
附图说明
图1为可聚合型二茂铁表面活性剂(I+)分子结构式示意图
图2为(11-二茂铁基正十一烷基)(甲基丙烯酸乙酯基)二甲基溴化铵(I+)的合成路线示 意图。
图3为室温下化合物I+氧化前后的紫外光谱(氧化剂:硫酸铁)。
图4为I+的化学结构式以及其电子转移反应式示意图。
图5为室温下1mM I+在0.01M NaBr水溶液的CV图(扫描速率为0.01V/s)。
图6为室温下40~60wt%I+的水溶液中的的XRD图。
图7为不同浓度下I+水溶液的POM照片:a)30wt%;b)40wt%;c)50wt%;d)60wt%。
图8为室温下50wt%I+的水溶液中的的XRD图(a:还原态;b:氧化态;c:还原态光聚合后)。
图9为浓度50wt%I+水溶液的POM照片:a)还原态;b)还原态取向后;c)氧化后;d)还原态光聚合后。
具体实施例
本申请首次合成了一种可聚合性二茂铁表面活性剂(I+),其结构式如图1所示所示。
合成活性剂采用如下试剂,11-溴代正十一烷基二茂铁实验室自制。甲基丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯(纯度98%),2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰苯(紫外光引发剂,DMPA,纯度98%),从Aldrich公司购买,直接使用;对苯二酚(纯度99%)购自阿拉丁试剂公司,直接使用。邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP,纯度97%)从广州双键公司购买,直接使用。
二氯亚砜(SOCl2)、二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)、四氢呋喃(THF)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、无水乙醇(EtOH)、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、石油醚(沸程:60~90℃)均为分析纯(A.R.),广州化学试剂有限公司,蒸馏后使用。
氯化钠(NaCl)、无水硫酸镁(MgSO4)、碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)、氢氧化钾(KOH)、水杨酸钠,无水碳酸钾(K2CO3)分析纯,购买后直接使用。
三氧化二铝(粒径1μm、0.3μm和0.05μm)购自上海晨华有限公司
高纯水是经过Millipore净化装置处理得到,电阻率≥18.2MΩ·cm。
11-二茂铁基正十一烷基甲基丙烯酸乙酯基二甲基溴化铵(I+)按照图2所示的路线合成。
可聚合型二茂铁表面活性剂I+可以通过化学(电化学)方法实现还原态(I+)和氧化态(I2+)的可逆转换。通常来说,对化合物的氧化还原方法主要有化学氧化还原和电化学氧化还原。理论上上述两种方法能取得相同的氧化还原效果。考虑到电化学方法完全氧化还原 所需时间较长,我们采用了化学方法,具体来说,所有的二茂铁系统,一般加入1.1倍摩尔量的氧化剂硫酸铁氧化,还原时是加入1.1倍摩尔量的还原剂抗坏血酸。图3是室温下化合物I+氧化前后的紫外光谱(氧化剂:硫酸铁),从图可以看出,二茂铁表面活性剂水体系在还原态时为黄色液体(最大吸收波长:440nm),氧化后为蓝色液体(最大吸收波长:628nm)。
在I+的水溶液中,加入紫外光引发剂2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰苯(DMPA,单体的1wt%),和光交联剂邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP,单体的2wt%),混合体系氩气鼓泡除氧30分钟,用橡皮塞密封。紫外光光照进行聚合(光强3mW/cm2),聚合过程通过1H NMR光谱监控:I+的重水体系中,双键的质子峰完全消失时,聚合过程完成。一般聚合时间为5分钟。
傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)采用Bruker Vertor 33傅立叶变换红外光谱仪测试,构造单元及复合物均采用室温下KBr压片法。
核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、碳谱(13C NMR)采用德国Bruker公司Avance400核磁共振仪测量。
复合物氮含量N(wt%)用德国ELEMENTAR公司Vario EL元素分析仪测量。
X线衍射(XRD)采用飞利浦公司X’pert PRO型X射线衍射仪室温下测试,Cu-Kα射线(λ=0.154nm),Ni片滤波,WAXD的扫描范围为2θ=1-30°。测试时,扫描步长为Δ2θ=0.01°,扫描速率为2s/step。
紫外-可见光谱采用Hitachi公司UV-3010型紫外/可见光分光光度计测量。
示差扫描量热分析(DSC)在Netzsch DSC 204上测量,氮气保护,变温速率为10℃/min,温度变化顺序为室温→140℃→-60℃→140℃→-60℃→140℃,第一次升温的目的为消除样品热历史。
热重分析(TG)在Netzsch TG 209上测量,氮气保护,升温速率为10°/min,升温范围为室温→800℃。
偏光显微镜(POM)使用的是Zeiss Axiophot型偏光显微镜,带有附件Linkam热台。
表面张力测试采用K11model型表面张力仪,测试温度:20.0±0.1℃,测试结果取3次平均值。
粒径测试采用英国Malvern公司的Nano-ZS90Zeta电位和粒度分析仪于25℃测定,激光波长为633nm,测试角度为90°。取2mL经0.22μm滤膜过滤的聚合物溶液加入到样品池中,样品在室温下静置10min后分别测定光散射强度和相关函数。
循环伏安法采用CHI-660电化学工作站测量,三电极体系:Φ3mm的玻碳电极作为工作电极,213型铂片电极作为对电极,饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,加入0.01M NaBr水溶液作为支持电解质。测试前,通高纯氮除氧30分钟,扫描范围:-0.4~+1.0V,扫描速度0.01~4V/s,实验在室温下进行。
电化学性质
I+的化学结构式以及其电子转移反应式如图4所示。
二茂铁有趣的氧化还原活性可以用于化学传感,电催化,修饰电极等潜在应用。我们通过循环伏安曲线研究了I+在0.01M NaBr水溶液电化学行为。图5为1mM I+在室温下0.01M NaBr水溶液中的CV图,扫描速率为0.01V/s,扫描电势范围为-0.05~+0.3V。从图中可以看出,I+具有一对氧化还原峰,氧化峰电势Epa为0.165V;还原峰电势Epc为0.093V。那么I+的氧化还原峰电势差ΔE(=Epa-Epc)分别均为72mV。CV图中氧化还原峰电势差ΔE能够反映电化学可逆性。I+的氧化还原峰电势差ΔE小,可逆程度高。
可聚合型二茂铁表面活性剂I+与其他表面活性剂类似,存在溶致液晶现象。通过实验发现,高浓度的I+水溶液(≥40wt%)存在溶致液晶行为,40~60wt%浓度的I+的水溶液的XRD图谱如图6所示。从图6的小角区域可以看到,表面活性剂I+在40~60wt%浓度范围内均出现了几个明显的衍射峰,这表明室温下I+的水溶液存在长程有序结构。从图中看出,I+的水溶液存在多个衍射峰,它们对应d值列于表1-1,从表中可以看出,d值倒数满足关系式d1 -1:d2 -1:d3 -1:=1:2:3,表明I+水溶液在40~60wt%浓度范围内都是典型的层状结构。从图中还可以看出,随着浓度的提高,第二级衍射峰(002)相对第一级衍射峰(001)逐渐增强,表明,层状结构越发规整。超过60wt%,溶液粘度很高,未观察到明显有序结构。
图7为表面活性剂I+在40~60wt%浓度范围内的偏光照片,可以看出,在浓度为30wt%时,体系没有明显双折射现象即没有溶质液晶现象。当体系粘度提高到40wt%时,体系可以观察到双折射现象即开始存在溶质液晶现象。随着浓度的进一步提高,双折射现象越发明显,即溶质液晶有序度明显提高,这与XRD结构完全吻合。
表1-1.室温下I+水溶液在40~60wt%浓度范围d值列表;50wt%I+水溶液光聚合后的d值列表;50wt%I+水溶液氧化后的d值列表
我们进一步研究了将二茂铁基团氧化是否会对I+的溶致液晶行为构成影响,选用50wt%I+水溶液为例,氧化前后的XRD图如图8。从图看出,硫酸铁氧化后,处于还原态的I+水溶液原有的三级衍射峰全部消失,I2+水溶液处于无定形态。图9c为表面活性剂I+在50wt%氧化后的偏光照片,可以观察到双折射现象完全消失,处于无定形态,与XRD结果吻合。
我们尝试通过光聚合的方法固定I+水溶液的溶致液晶结构,采用对浓度50wt%I+水溶液原位光聚合。发现聚合后,XRD衍射峰有序度减低(图8中的c曲线),但仍然可以观察到001,002衍射峰,其位置较聚合前未改变(表1-1),说明有序结构得以保持,只是有序程度有所下降。结合POM观察(图9d),织构得以保持,与XRD结果一致。即我们通过紫外光引发,成功实现了I+的光聚合,聚合后液晶织构保持。
首次合成了可聚合型二茂铁表面活性剂I+。该表面活性剂具有良好的电化学可逆性。高浓度的I+水溶液存在溶致液晶行为,即在浓度40%~60wt%范围,I+为层状溶致液晶。通过硫酸铁溶液对的氧化,溶致液晶现象会消失。通过紫外光引发,成功实现了I+的原位聚合,聚合后液晶织构保持。
Claims (10)
1.一种氧化还原响应型溶致液晶材料,其特征在于:所述材料分子式为:11-二茂铁基正十一烷基甲基丙烯酸乙酯基二甲基溴化铵,所述材料能够实现还原态(I+)和氧化态(I2+)的可逆转换。
2.如权利要求1所述的材料,其特征在于:所述可逆转换能够在室温下进行。
3.如权利要求2所述的材料,其特征在于:氧化时,在所述材料中加入1.1倍摩尔量的氧化剂硫酸铁,还原时是加入1.1倍摩尔量的还原剂抗坏血酸,所述材料的水体系在还原态时为黄色液体,氧化后为蓝色液体。
4.如权利要求3所述的材料,其特征在于:在50wt%I+水溶液中,硫酸铁氧化后,处于还原态的I+水溶液原有的三级衍射峰全部消失,I2+水溶液处于无定形态;通过光聚合的方法固定I+水溶液的溶致液晶结构,采用对浓度50wt%I+水溶液原位光聚合,发现聚合后,XRD衍射峰有序度减低,但仍然可以观察到衍射峰,说明有序结构得以保持,只是有序程度有所下降;即通过紫外光引发,成功实现了I+的光聚合,聚合后液晶织构保持。
5.如权利要求2所述的材料,其特征在于:在高浓度的I+水溶液存在溶致液晶行为;所述高浓度的I+水溶液具体为≥40wt%。
6.如权利要求5所述的材料,其特征在于:室温下I+的水溶液存在长程有序结构,I+水溶液在40~60wt%浓度范围内都是典型的层状结构,随着浓度的提高,层状结构越发规整,超过60wt%,溶液粘度很高,未观察到明显有序结构;在浓度为30wt%时,体系没有明显双折射现象即没有溶质液晶现象,当体系粘度提高到40wt%时,体系可以观察到双折射现象即开始存在溶质液晶现象,随着浓度的进一步提高,双折射现象越发明显,即溶质液晶有序度明显提高。
7.如权利要求6所述的材料,其特征在于:在紫外光下能够完成聚合。
8.一种如权利要求7所述材料的聚合方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)在I+的水溶液中,加入紫外光引发剂,和光交联剂,形成混合体系;
(2)对混合体系通入氩气鼓泡,进行除氧30分钟,除氧完成后,用橡皮塞密封;
(3)用紫外光光照进行聚合,所述紫外光照的光强为3mW/cm2;
(4)在I+的重水体系中,监控双键的质子峰是否完全消失,如果未完全消失,则继续步骤(3),如果消失,则进入步骤(5);
(5)聚合完成。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于:所述紫外光引发剂为2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基乙酰苯(DMPA),其单体的1wt%;所述光交联剂为邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP),其单体的2wt%。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于:所述聚合时间一般为5分钟。
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