CN106631662A - Steam cracking method - Google Patents
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- CN106631662A CN106631662A CN201510716180.8A CN201510716180A CN106631662A CN 106631662 A CN106631662 A CN 106631662A CN 201510716180 A CN201510716180 A CN 201510716180A CN 106631662 A CN106631662 A CN 106631662A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the field of chemical industry, and discloses a steam cracking method, which is performed in a cracking furnace, wherein the cracking furnace comprises a convection section and a radiation section, a radiation furnace alignment tube comprising plural groups of one-way radiation furnace tubes and/or a radiation furnace alignment tube comprising multi-way radiation furnace tubes is vertically arranged in the radiation section, and a bottom portion burner is arranged on the bottom portion of the radiation section. The cracking method comprises that a cracking raw material is subjected to vaporization and pre-heating at the convection section, the obtained cracking raw material then enters the radiation section, and a cracking reaction is performed, wherein the bottom portion burner uses oxygen-rich air as a combustion-supporting gas, the heat supply of the bottom portion burner on the material in the radiation furnace alignment tube at least accounts for 60% of the total heat supply, and the furnace wall of the cracking furnace is a shaped structure furnace wall. According to the present invention, the stem cracking method has advantages of ultra-high selectivity, effective cracking furnace thermal efficiency improving, energy consumption reducing, and cracking furnace operation cycle increasing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical field, in particular it relates to a kind of steam cracking method.
Background technology
The low-carbon alkenes such as ethene, propylene and butadiene are the important foundation raw materials of petro chemical industry.At present,
The method of production low-carbon alkene is based on tube furnace cracking petroleum hydrocarbon vapor technique.According to statistics, in the world greatly
About 99% ethene, more than 50% propylene and more than 90% butadiene pass through the technique productions.
The nucleus equipment of tube furnace cracking petroleum hydrocarbon vapor technique is tube cracking furnace (hereinafter referred to as " cracking
Stove "), cracking stock such as ethane, propane, naphtha and hydrogenation tail oil is heated to height in pyrolysis furnace
Wen Shi, it may occur that carbochain fracture chemical reaction, generates low-carbon alkene such as ethene, propylene and butadiene etc..
The result that studies for a long period of time both domestic and external shows, raw material hydro carbons high temperature, short residence time, low hydrocarbon partial pressure bar
Under part to generate alkene be favourable.
From in terms of the heat transfer angle of pyrolysis furnace, in the burner hearth of pyrolysis furnace, fuel gas (mainly methane and hydrogen)
Burning provides heat, and these heats enter boiler tube by radiant heat transfer and convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection.Usual pyrolysis furnace is all
Using the mixed combustion of fuel gas and air to provide cracking reaction needed for heat.In general, burning
Reaction is that energetic encounter occurs between flammable molecule and oxygen molecule in fuel and causes, so the confession of oxygen
Combustion process is determined to situation.
From from the point of view of pyrolysis furnace burner hearth, the heat that cracking furnace tube reaction needs all is provided by burner hearth,
In the burner hearth of pyrolysis furnace, fuel gas (mainly methane and hydrogen) burning provides heat, and these heats lead to
Overshoot heat transfer and convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection enter boiler tube, and wherein radiant heat transfer is main heat transfer type, account for total biography
More than the 85% of heat.When using oxygen-enriched combustion system, due to the intrinsic characteristic of its burner, burning
Flame shortens, and high heat flux zones concentrate on burner hearth bottom, and fuel gas combustion intensity is high, flame radiation
Ability is high, it is therefore desirable to pyrolysis furnace is particularly arranged for oxygen-enriched combustion system, oxygen-enriched to reach
Combustion system matches with pyrolysis furnace radiating furnace tube, so as to obtain more high thermal efficiency, more long periods of time in order and
The pyrolysis furnace of more high selectivity.
Pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace is affected by Various Complex factor, such as the structure and size of burner hearth,
Species and heat-supplying mode, species of burner of fuel etc..Pyrolysis furnace traditional at present is fine using ceramics
Dimension or refractory brick as pyrolysis furnace furnace wall, using fuel gas burn high-temperature flue gas and furnace wall radiation
Heat transfer is heated to the reaction mass in pyrolysis furnace radiating furnace tube, and the furnace wall of pyrolysis furnace is all using smooth
Furnace wall structure, from for the angle of radiant heat transfer, the radiant heat transfer of pyrolysis furnace furnace wall is for pyrolysis furnace
It is just as.
During using traditional pyrolysis furnace furnace wall, Heat Transfer in Furnace process has following two, and one is cracking
Stove Heat Transfer in Furnace area is not enough, and pyrolysis furnace Heat Transfer in Furnace process is mainly radiant heat transfer, radiant heat transfer amount master
To depend on the heat transfer area of radiating surface.For boiler tube, its external surface area determines in pyrolysis furnace ability
When also determine substantially, and increase outer surface of furnace tube product cause cost very high due to boiler tube price.It is right
For furnace wall, its surface area has relation with the shape of burner hearth size and furnace wall.Two is pyrolysis furnace furnace wall phase
Furnace wall without any difference, i.e. pyrolysis furnace for different combustion systems no matter for air burning or
Its heat transfer area of oxygen-enriched combusting is consistent, and the little region in the region and heat flux big for heat flux is also same
Sample, this can cause cracking furnace pipe row local heating uneven, so as to cause boiler tube local temperature too high, reduce
The cycle of operation of pyrolysis furnace.
Therefore, the method for arranging of special pyrolysis furnace furnace wall how is designed, is ensureing pyrolysis furnace radiant section
Cracking reaction in boiler tube is selective simultaneously, and the high heat flux zones for changing oxygen-enriched combustion system are concentrated
In the shortcoming of lower furnace portion, so as to obtain one have the appropriate cycle of operation, the selective high, thermal efficiency it is high,
The low new cleavage method of energy consumption also needs to further R and D.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in order to overcome pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace and pyrolysis furnace combustion system not phase
With and cause that the cycle of operation in steam-cracking process is short, the selective low, thermal efficiency is low, high energy consumption is asked
Topic, the invention provides a kind of steam cracking method.
Traditional pyrolysis furnace typically uses air as combustion-supporting gas, because content of oxygen in air only has
21%, major part is nitrogen, therefore in combustion, the burning velocity of fuel gas is slower, burning fire
Flame is longer, in the short transverse of cracking burner hearth, the curved distribution of fire box temperature, in burner hearth bottom heating load
Few, then heating load is most at burner hearth middle part, and upper furnace heating load starts to reduce.For splitting for many journey boiler tubes
Solution stove, because its time of staying is longer, the contradiction between burner hearth heat supply and boiler tube heat absorption is not still projected, right
In one way boiler tube, this contradiction is just highlighted, and in the arrival end of boiler tube, material continues to be rapidly heated,
Continue substantial amounts of heat, but the bottom heating load of conventional combustion systems is less；And at coil outlet end,
The coking rate of material sharply increases, and needs the generation for controlling secondary response, but conventional combustion systems
Middle and upper part heating load starts to reach maximum.That is, having one between combustion system and one way boiler tube
The problem of individual matching.
If burnt using the oxygen-enriched air higher than air oxygen concentration, compared to air burning
Speech, with more advantages：One is because radiation heat transfer is the major way of pyrolysis furnace heat transfer, according to gas
The characteristics of radiation, only three atomic gas and polyatomic gas, have radianting capacity, and diatomic gas is almost
Without radianting capacity, in the case that regular air is combustion-supporting, the nitrogen proportion of radiationless ability is very high,
The blackness of flue gas is very low, have impact on the radiant heat transfer process that flue gas is arranged boiler tube pipe.Helped using oxygen-enriched air
Combustion, because nitrogen content is few, air capacity and exhaust gas volumn are substantially reduced, therefore flame temperature and blackness are with combustion
Burn the increase of oxygen proportion in air and significantly improve, and then improve Fire Radiation intensity and reinforcing radiation and pass
Heat；Two is to adopt oxygenized air combustion supporting, and burned flame shortens, and combustion intensity is improved, and burning velocity adds
Hurry up, so will be helpful to combustion reaction completely, improve the service efficiency of fuel, and then improve pyrolysis furnace
The thermal efficiency；Three is to adopt oxygenized air combustion supporting, can suitably reduce excess air coefficient, reduces smoke evacuation body
Product, reduces the exhaust gas volumn after burning, and then reduces flue gas loss, promotes the energy-conservation of pyrolysis furnace.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of steam cracking method, and the method is in pyrolysis furnace
Implement, the pyrolysis furnace includes convection section and radiant section, is vertically arranged in the radiant section by multigroup list
The radiating furnace tube pipe row of stroke radiation furnace tube composition and/or the radiating furnace tube pipe row being made up of many stroke radiation furnace tubes,
And combustion bottom burner is disposed with the bottom of the radiant section, the method includes：By cracking stock right
Stream section carries out cracking reaction after being vaporized and preheating into radiant section, wherein, the combustion bottom burner is adopted
With oxygen-enriched air as combustion-supporting gas, and the combustion bottom burner is to the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row
Heating load at least account for the 60% of gross heat input；And the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace is abnormally-structured furnace wall.
The present inventor it has been investigated that, on the one hand by the bottom of the radiant section by pyrolysis furnace is arranged in
Combustion-supporting gas in portion's burner is changed to oxygen-enriched air, and causes combustion bottom burner in radiating furnace tube pipe row
The heating load of material at least account for the 60% of gross heat input, can be very good to solve one-way radiating furnace tube cracking
Bottom heat supply not enough, flue gas blackness not high problem of the combustion system of stove to one-way radiating furnace tube；It is another
Aspect greatly reduces the combustion of pyrolysis furnace by increased the radiant heat transfer area of pyrolysis furnace inner of the boiler chamber wall
Material consumption, and by designing from the aspect of two from pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace and one-way radiating furnace tube,
The method that improve pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace so that the heat absorption demand of cracking furnace tube and pyrolysis furnace stove
Thorax radiant heat transfer heat supply is consistent, has the appropriate cycle of operation, selective high, thermal effect so as to obtain one
Rate is high, the new cleavage method that energy consumption is low.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in subsequent specific embodiment part.
Description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is, for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and to constitute the part of specification, with
Detailed description below is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.
In accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that steam cracking is carried out using the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the top view of waved surface structural type furnace wall；
Fig. 3 is the top view of concavo-convex relief fabric type furnace wall.
Description of reference numerals
1st, blower fan 2, convection section
3rd, radiating furnace tube pipe row
4th, combustion system
5th, radiant section 6, quenching boiler
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below.It should be appreciated that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is merely to illustrate and explains the present invention, is not limited to the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of steam cracking method, the method is implemented in pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis furnace
Including convection section and radiant section, it is vertically arranged what is be made up of multigroup one-way radiating furnace tube in the radiant section
Radiating furnace tube pipe is arranged and/or arranged by the radiating furnace tube pipe that many stroke radiation furnace tubes are constituted, and in the radiant section
Bottom be disposed with combustion bottom burner, the method includes：Cracking stock is vaporized and in advance in convection section
Cracking reaction is carried out into radiant section after heat, wherein, the combustion bottom burner is using oxygen-enriched air as helping
Combustion gas body, and the combustion bottom burner radiating furnace tube pipe is arranged in the heating load of material at least account for always
The 60% of heating load；And the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace is abnormally-structured furnace wall.
Steam cracking method of the invention, is not particularly limited to the cracking stock, it is preferable that
The cracking stock can in ethane, propane, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha and hydrogenation tail oil at least
It is a kind of.
It is preferred that cracking stock of the present invention is naphtha.
Steam cracking method of the invention, cracking stock is vaporized and is preheated laggard in convection section
Entering radiant section carries out cracking reaction, wherein, cracking stock convection section preheating temperature be pyrolysis furnace across
Temperature (XOT) is not particularly limited, and can be the conventional selection of those skilled in the art, preferably
The radiant section outlet temperature (COT) of 550-630 DEG C of pyrolysis furnace is not particularly limited, and can be this area
The conventional selection of technical staff, preferably 820-860 DEG C.
Steam cracking method of the invention, the pyrolysis furnace can also include HP steam drum, combustion system
And quenching boiler, wherein, the combustion system of pyrolysis furnace can be using including but not limited to methane or methane
Hydrogen mixture, using oxygen-enriched air as combustion-supporting gas, reduces nitrogen content as fuel, saves fuel.
Steam cracking method of the invention, in the oxygen-enriched air, the volume fraction of oxygen can be with
For 22%-60%, more preferably preferably 25%-40%, 27%-33%；Wherein, the oxygen-enriched air
Can be obtained using pressure-variable adsorption or film osmosis.
Steam cracking method of the invention, the inlet tube of the one-way radiating furnace tube just to furnace wall
Can be abnormally-structured furnace wall, to increase swept area, and the outlet of one-way radiating furnace tube institute is just
To furnace wall be flat configuration furnace wall, with reduce swept area principle arrange, can so reduce this and split
The highest tube wall temperature of solution stove boiler tube, so as to be conducive to pyrolysis furnace long-term operation；And with many journeys
It is abnormally-structured furnace wall on the furnace wall of radiating furnace tube outlet equal height, in the present invention, with many journeys
Radiating furnace tube outlet equal height furnace wall on can be all or part of abnormally-structured furnace wall, preferably with
The 30-100% of the furnace wall of many stroke radiation furnace tube outlet equal heights is abnormally-structured furnace wall, more preferably
The 70-100% for being the furnace wall for exporting equal heights with many stroke radiation furnace tubes is abnormally-structured furnace wall.
Steam cracking method of the invention, the abnormally-structured furnace wall is waved surface structural type stove
One or more in wall, concavo-convex relief fabric type furnace wall and column dispersed structure furnace wall, preferably ripple
Shape curved-surface structure type furnace wall or concavo-convex relief fabric type furnace wall；Also, the abnormally-structured furnace wall direction with
Pyrolysis furnace flow of flue gas direction is consistent, reduces due to the increasing of abnormally-structured the brought flue gas pressure drop of furnace wall
Plus.
Steam cracking method of the invention, the swept area increment rate of the abnormally-structured furnace wall is
1.05-1.4, preferably 1.1-1.4；In the present invention, the term " swept area increment rate " is different
The ratio of the perpendicular projected area of actual surface area when plane furnace wall (i.e.) of type structure furnace wall.
Steam cracking method of the invention, the area of the abnormally-structured furnace wall accounts for total furnace wall area
Ratio is 10-80 area %, preferably 30-60 areas %, and the abnormally-structured furnace wall is located at cracking
At the 1/2-5/6 of stove furnace height, at preferably 1/2-2/3.
In general, abnormally-structured furnace wall is not used in the range of the flame height of pyrolysis furnace combustion system,
Reason is：The combustion position of the flame of pyrolysis furnace combustion system and its fuel gas and the troubled water of air
Correlation, if using abnormally-structured furnace wall, it will have influence on the mixing of fuel gas and air, so as to affect
The normal shape of flame, and then the heat flux distribution of change burning system, affect the operation of pyrolysis furnace.
Steam cracking method of the invention, it is preferable that the combustion bottom burner is to the radiating furnace tube
The heating load of the material in pipe row accounts for the 60-90%, more preferably 70-85% of gross heat input；Wherein,
In the present invention, the term " gross heat input " refers to the combustion bottom burner to the radiating furnace tube pipe
The confession of the heating load of the material in row and the radiant wall burner to the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row
The summation of heat.
Steam cracking method of the invention, the combustion bottom burner can be arranged in the radiating furnace tube
The both sides of pipe row；Preferably, side wall combustion can also be disposed with the side wall of the radiant section of the pyrolysis furnace
Burner, the radiant wall burner is arranged in the both sides of the radiating furnace tube pipe row；Thus, in the present invention,
The combustion system of pyrolysis furnace can only have combustion bottom burner or by combustion bottom burner and radiant wall burner group
The both sides of radiating furnace tube pipe row in burner hearth are distributed in into, combustion bottom burner and radiant wall burner.
Preferably, the combustion bottom burner and the radiant wall burner are arranged each along the radiating furnace tube pipe
Symmetric arrays.
Steam cracking method of the invention, the combustion bottom burner can be arranged in the radiating furnace tube pipe
Both sides symmetric arrays, the radiant wall burner can the radiating furnace tube pipe row both sides symmetrically arrange
Row.
Steam cracking method of the invention, with one-way radiating furnace tube per group described and/or per Cheng Suoshu
The number of the corresponding combustion bottom burner of many stroke radiation furnace tubes is 2-8, preferably 3-6.
Steam cracking method of the invention, it is and every when the pyrolysis furnace also has radiant wall burner
The corresponding radiant wall burner of the group one-way radiating furnace tube and/or many stroke radiation furnace tubes of every Cheng Suoshu
Number can be 2-16, preferably 4-10.
Steam cracking method of the invention, the combustion bottom burner and the radiant wall burner can be with
Using but be not limited to the mixture of methane or methane and hydrogen as fuel.
The radiating furnace tube pipe being made up of multigroup one-way radiating furnace tube can be vertically arranged in the radiant section
Row and/or the radiating furnace tube pipe row being made up of many stroke radiation furnace tubes.
Wherein, many stroke radiation furnace tubes can be 2-4 journey boiler tubes, preferably two journey boiler tubes, wherein,
First journey can be two parallel vertical inlet tubes, and the second journey can be a vertical outlet, constitute one
Individual 2-1 types radiating furnace tube；Or first journey can be four parallel vertical inlet tubes, the second journey can be
A piece vertical outlet, constitutes a 4-1 type radiating furnace tube；Preferably, many stroke radiation furnace tubes
The ratio of the bore of the port of export and the bore of arrival end can be more than 1 and less than or equal to 1.4, it is excellent
Elect 1.1-1.4 as.Wherein, " bore " refers to the diameter inside the mouth of pipe of many stroke radiation furnace tubes；In addition,
The bore of the port of export of many stroke radiation furnace tubes can be 45mm-120mm, preferably
60mm-95mm；And the bore of the arrival end of many stroke radiation furnace tubes can be
25mm-60mm, preferably 35mm-55mm.
Wherein, the one-way radiating furnace tube can be non-reducing boiler tube, or with twisted slice tube
Reducing boiler tube, preferably with the reducing boiler tube of twisted slice tube, wherein it is possible to bore gradual change using boring machine
Caliber, and make the one-way radiating furnace tube arrival end bore less than the port of export bore, the list
There is distortion plate shape simultaneously in stroke radiation furnace tube；Preferably, the pipe of the port of export of the one-way radiating furnace tube
Internal diameter can be the preferably 1.1-1.4 more than 1 and less than or equal to 1.4 with the ratio of the bore of arrival end.
Wherein, " bore " refers to the diameter inside the mouth of pipe of one-way radiating furnace tube；In addition, the one way spoke
The bore for penetrating the port of export of boiler tube can be 35mm-65mm, preferably 45mm-60mm；And
The bore of the arrival end of the one-way radiating furnace tube can be 25mm-50mm, preferably
35mm-45mm。
Steam cracking method of the invention, it is preferable that may be used also in the tube chamber of the one-way radiating furnace tube
To be disposed with enhanced heat transfer component, it is beneficial to heat transfer.The enhanced heat transfer component is not particularly limited, can
Think the conventional selection of those skilled in the art, in the present invention, the enhanced heat transfer component can be selected from
Flight plug-in part, twisted strip plug-in part, intersect zigzag plug-in part, coil core plug-in part, around filigree
One or more in porous body and pellet base plug-in part；It is further preferred that in one way radiation
Enhanced heat transfer component that is identical or differing can be disposed with the tube chamber of boiler tube；It is further preferred that
The enhanced heat transfer component for differing can be disposed with the tube chamber of the one-way radiating furnace tube.
Hereinafter will be described the present invention by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment to be indicated that and carry out steam cracking using the method for the present invention.
Cracking reaction is carried out using the steam cracking schematic diagram shown in Fig. 1, detailed process includes：
The method is implemented in the pyrolysis furnace including blower fan 1 and quenching boiler 6, and it is right that the pyrolysis furnace includes
Stream section 2 and radiant section 5, by 60 DEG C of naphtha after convection section 2 is vaporized and preheat into by
The radiating furnace tube pipe row 3 of three groups of one-way radiating furnace tube compositions carries out cracking reaction, wherein, naphtha is right
Stream section preheating temperature be pyrolysis furnace across temperature (XOT) be 598 DEG C, the radiant section of pyrolysis furnace goes out
Mouth temperature (COT) is 841 DEG C；
Wherein, the radiating furnace tube pipe row 3 being made up of three groups of one-way radiating furnace tubes is vertically arranged in radiant section,
And 12 combustion bottom burners are disposed with the bottom of the radiant section, in the side cloth of the radiant section
36 radiant wall burners are equipped with, the combustion system 4 of radiant section 5 is using combustion bottom burner and the burning of side wall
Device combination, heat supply of the combustion bottom burner to the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row accounts for gross heat input
80%；Using oxygen-enriched air as combustion-supporting gas, and the oxygen concentration contained in the oxygen-enriched air is
30 volumes % (V/V)；
Described pyrolysis furnace furnace wall is tied using the waved surface structural type furnace wall shown in Fig. 2, and the abnormal shape
Structure furnace wall is located at the 1/2 of pyrolysis furnace furnace height, is arranged in the inlet tube institute of the one-way radiating furnace tube
Just to furnace wall on, and the outlet of the one-way radiating furnace tube just to furnace wall be flat configuration stove
Wall, COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, the swept area increment rate of the abnormally-structured furnace wall is 1.2.
Other technological parameters of pyrolysis furnace are as shown in table 1；
Learnt by being analyzed to pyrolysis furnace fuel gas, the composition of pyrolysis furnace fuel gas is as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 1
Steam cracking is carried out according to method same as Example 1, except that, described pyrolysis furnace
Furnace wall adopts traditional flat configuration furnace wall；As a result it is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Table 2
| Component | Mol% |
| Hydrogen | 3.6 |
| Methane | 95.8 |
| Ethane | 0.23 |
| Propane | 0.08 |
| Other | 0.29 |
| It is total | 100.00 |
As a result radiated by three groups of one way as it can be seen from table 1 being vertically arranged in radiant section in the embodiment
The radiating furnace tube pipe row of boiler tube composition；After using oxygen-enriched combusting, due to the nitrogen amount entrained by combustion oxygen
Reduce, the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is reduced；And adopt after special-shaped furnace wall, because the radiation of burner hearth is passed
Hot area increases, and the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is reduced, and by being used as combustion-supporting gas using oxygen-enriched air
The combustion bottom burner of body and being mutually matched using one-way radiating furnace tube, the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is from right
The 7195Nm of ratio 13/ h is reduced to 6980Nm3/ h, fuel gas has saved about 2.95%.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment to be indicated that and carry out steam cracking using the method for the present invention.
Steam cracking is carried out according to method same as Example 1, except that, radiating furnace tube pipe row
3 adopt 48 journey boiler tubes of 2-1 types two, are divided into 6 groups, and 16 enter in every group of cracking furnace tube pipe row
Mouth pipe is arranged respectively with 8 outlets.In described pyrolysis furnace furnace wall with inlet tube pipe row just to portion
Point using the concavo-convex fluctuating type furnace wall shown in Fig. 3, outlet pipe row institute just to furnace wall using plane furnace wall,
The flame height region of all furnace walls adopt plane furnace wall, COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, the abnormally-structured furnace wall
Swept area increment rate is 1.4.
Other technological parameters of pyrolysis furnace are as shown in table 3；
Learnt by being analyzed to pyrolysis furnace fuel gas, the composition of pyrolysis furnace fuel gas is as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
Steam cracking is carried out according to method same as Example 2, except that, described pyrolysis furnace
Furnace wall adopts traditional flat configuration furnace wall；As a result it is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
As a result radiated by many journeys from table 3 it can be seen that being vertically arranged in radiant section described in the embodiment
The radiating furnace tube pipe row of boiler tube composition；And using oxygen-enriched combusting after, due to the nitrogen entrained by combustion oxygen
Tolerance is reduced, and the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is reduced；And adopt after special-shaped furnace wall, due to the spoke of burner hearth
Heat transfer area increase is penetrated, the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is reduced, and is helped by being used as using oxygen-enriched air
The combustion bottom burner of combustion gas body and being mutually matched using many stroke radiation furnace tubes, the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace
From the 8286Nm of comparative example 23/ h is reduced to 8003Nm3/ h, fuel gas has saved about 3.42%.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment to be indicated that and carry out steam cracking using the method for the present invention.
Steam cracking is carried out according to method same as Example 1, except that, combustion bottom burner pair
The heat supply of the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row accounts for the 70% of gross heat input；Using oxygen-enriched air as combustion-supporting
The oxygen concentration contained in gas, and the oxygen-enriched air is 27 volumes % (V/V)；And
Described pyrolysis furnace furnace wall is arranged in the one way using the concavo-convex relief fabric type furnace wall shown in Fig. 3
The inlet tube of radiating furnace tube just to furnace wall on, and the outlet of the one-way radiating furnace tube just to
Furnace wall is flat configuration furnace wall, COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, and the swept area increment rate of the abnormally-structured furnace wall is
1.3。
Other technological parameters of pyrolysis furnace are as shown in table 4；
Learnt by being analyzed to pyrolysis furnace fuel gas, the composition of pyrolysis furnace fuel gas is as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 3
Steam cracking is carried out according to method same as Example 3, except that, use air as
The oxygen concentration contained in combustion-supporting gas, and the air is 21 volumes % (V/V)；As a result such as table 4
It is shown.
Table 4
As a result from table 4, it can be seen that after using oxygen-enriched combusting, due to the nitrogen amount entrained by combustion oxygen
Reduce, the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is reduced, and adopt after special-shaped furnace wall, because the radiation of burner hearth is passed
Hot area increases, and the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is reduced, and by being used as combustion-supporting gas using oxygen-enriched air
The combustion bottom burner of body and being mutually matched using one-way radiating furnace tube, the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is from right
The 7235Nm of ratio 33/ h is reduced to 6912Nm3/ h, fuel gas has saved about 4.47%.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment to be indicated that and carry out steam cracking using the method for the present invention.
Steam cracking is carried out according to method same as Example 1, except that, combustion bottom burner pair
The heat supply of the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row accounts for the 85% of gross heat input；Using oxygen-enriched air as combustion-supporting
The oxygen concentration contained in gas, and the oxygen-enriched air is 33 volumes % (V/V)；And
Described pyrolysis furnace furnace wall is arranged in the list using the waved surface structural type furnace wall shown in Fig. 2
The inlet tube of stroke radiation furnace tube just to furnace wall on, and the outlet of the one-way radiating furnace tube institute it is just right
Furnace wall be flat configuration furnace wall, COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING, the swept area increment rate of the abnormally-structured furnace wall is
1.05。
Other technological parameters of pyrolysis furnace are as shown in table 5；
Learnt by being analyzed to pyrolysis furnace fuel gas, the composition of pyrolysis furnace fuel gas is as shown in table 2.
Comparative example 4
Steam cracking is carried out according to method same as Example 4, except that, use air as
The oxygen concentration contained in combustion-supporting gas, and the air is 21 volumes % (V/V)；And it is described
Pyrolysis furnace furnace wall adopts traditional flat configuration furnace wall；As a result it is as shown in table 5.
Table 5
As a result as can be seen from Table 5, after using oxygen-enriched combusting, due to the nitrogen amount entrained by combustion oxygen
Reduce, the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is reduced, and adopt after special-shaped furnace wall, because the radiation of burner hearth is passed
Hot area increases, and the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is reduced, and by being used as combustion-supporting gas using oxygen-enriched air
The combustion bottom burner of body and being mutually matched using one-way radiating furnace tube, the fuel gas consumption of pyrolysis furnace is from right
The 7311Nm of ratio 43/ h is reduced to 7006Nm3/ h, fuel gas has saved about 4.18%；Meanwhile,
The cycle of operation of pyrolysis furnace also extended to 66 days from the 53 of comparative example 4 days, and this is due in boiler tube entrance
End check solution endothermic heat of reaction amount increases, in the calorific intensity relative reduction at coil outlet end, so as to cause pyrolysis furnace
Highest tube wall temperature is reduced, and the pyrolysis furnace cycle of operation extends.
Knowable to the data in above example 1-4 and comparative example 1-4 and table 1-5：
The present inventor is combustion-supporting in the combustion bottom burner of the radiant section of pyrolysis furnace by being arranged in
Gas is changed to oxygen-enriched air, and cause combustion bottom burner to the heating load of the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row extremely
The 60% of gross heat input is accounted for less, can be very good the combustion system pair for solving one-way radiating furnace tube pyrolysis furnace
The problem that bottom heat supply is not enough, flue gas blackness is not high of one-way radiating furnace tube；
In addition, the present inventor is by increased the radiant heat transfer area of pyrolysis furnace inner of the boiler chamber wall,
The firing rate of pyrolysis furnace is greatly reduced, and by from pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace and radiating furnace tube
From the aspect of design two, there is provided a kind of method for improving pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace so that cracking
The heat absorption demand of stove boiler tube is consistent with pyrolysis furnace Radiative heat transfer in furnace heat supply, and using pyrolysis furnace system
The selectivity of superelevation can be obtained during the low-carbon alkenes such as standby ethene, propylene and butadiene, so as to obtain one
Kind with very high selectivity cleavage method, and while can also effectively improve the thermal efficiency of pyrolysis furnace,
Reducing energy consumption, the cycle of operation for increasing pyrolysis furnace.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above, but, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned reality
The detail in mode is applied, in the range of the technology design of the present invention, can be to the technical side of the present invention
Case carries out various simple variants, and these simple variants belong to protection scope of the present invention.
It is further to note that each particular technique described in above-mentioned specific embodiment is special
Levy, in the case of reconcilable, can be combined by any suitable means, in order to avoid need not
The repetition wanted, the present invention is no longer separately illustrated to various possible combinations.
Additionally, can also be combined between a variety of embodiments of the present invention, as long as its
Without prejudice to the thought of the present invention, it should equally be considered as content disclosed in this invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of steam cracking method, the method is implemented in pyrolysis furnace, and the pyrolysis furnace includes convection current
Section and radiant section, are vertically arranged the radiating furnace tube being made up of multigroup one-way radiating furnace tube in the radiant section
Pipe is arranged and/or arranged by the radiating furnace tube pipe that many stroke radiation furnace tubes are constituted, and in the bottom cloth of the radiant section
Combustion bottom burner is equipped with, the method includes：Cracking stock is vaporized in convection section and is entered after preheating
Radiant section carries out cracking reaction, it is characterised in that the combustion bottom burner is using oxygen-enriched air as combustion-supporting
Gas, and the combustion bottom burner at least accounts for total confession to the heating load of the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row
The 60% of heat；And the furnace wall of the pyrolysis furnace is abnormally-structured furnace wall.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the combustion bottom burner is to the all-radiant furnace
The heating load of the material in pipe pipe row accounts for the 60-90% of gross heat input；It is preferred that
The combustion bottom burner accounts for gross heat input to the heating load of the material in radiating furnace tube pipe row
70-85%.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, the oxygen contained in the oxygen-enriched air
Concentration is 22-60 volumes %；It is preferred that
The concentration of the oxygen contained in the oxygen-enriched air is 25-40 volumes %；More preferably
The concentration of the oxygen contained in the oxygen-enriched air is 27-33 volumes %.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, the inlet tube institute of the one-way radiating furnace tube
Just to furnace wall be abnormally-structured furnace wall, and the outlet of the one-way radiating furnace tube just to furnace wall be
Flat configuration furnace wall；And it is abnormally-structured to export on the furnace wall of equal heights with many stroke radiation furnace tubes
Furnace wall.
5. the method according to any one in claim 1-4, wherein, the abnormally-structured stove
Wall is in waved surface structural type furnace wall, concavo-convex relief fabric type furnace wall and column dispersed structure furnace wall
One or more.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, the swept area of the abnormally-structured furnace wall
Increment rate is 1.05-1.4；It is preferred that
The swept area increment rate of the abnormally-structured furnace wall is 1.1-1.4.
7. the method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein, the area of the abnormally-structured furnace wall
The ratio for accounting for total furnace wall area is 10-80 area %, and the abnormally-structured furnace wall is located at pyrolysis furnace burner hearth
At the 1/2-5/6 of height.
8. the method according to any one in claim 1-4, wherein, in tubular type cracking
Radiant wall burner is there also is provided on the side wall of the radiant section of stove, the combustion bottom burner and the side wall burn
Device arranges symmetric arrays each along the radiating furnace tube pipe.
9. method according to claim 8, wherein, with one-way radiating furnace tube per group described and/or
It is 2-8 per the number of the corresponding combustion bottom burner of many stroke radiation furnace tubes of Cheng Suoshu, preferably 3-6
It is individual.
10. method according to claim 8, wherein, with one-way radiating furnace tube per group described and/
Or the number per the corresponding radiant wall burner of many stroke radiation furnace tubes of Cheng Suoshu is 2-16, preferably
For 4-10.
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| WO2020040961A1 (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Reducing carbon dioxide emissions in steam cracking operations |
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