CN106620061A - 一种富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片及其提取物的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片及其提取物的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/19—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving fermentation using yeast, bacteria or both; enzymatic treatment
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- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/331—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using water, e.g. cold water, infusion, tea, steam distillation or decoction
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- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/333—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using mixed solvents, e.g. 70% EtOH
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K2236/50—Methods involving additional extraction steps
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片及其提取物的制备工艺,具体为:在25-55℃的条件下,在中药射干中加入β-葡萄糖苷酶,并浸泡在pH=4-5的缓冲液中,β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量为2000-6000万U/kg,浸泡24-48小时,取出,沥干水分,干燥,筛去碎屑,制成富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片,所述射干为射干原药材、原药材切制的饮片或破碎后的药材粉末。该工艺可以显著提高射干饮片中的黄酮苷元的含量(黄酮苷元鸢尾黄素及野鸢尾黄素含量高于原射干药材1倍以上),从而提高饮片在抗菌消炎等方面的功效。以此为原料,通过大孔吸附树脂技术进一步对总苷元进行富集、纯化,为下一步开展的制剂开发提供保证。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中草药技术领域,特别提供一种通过酶促反应而制备富含黄酮苷元的射干高效饮片及其提取物的工艺。
背景技术
射干为鸢尾科植物射干Belamcanda chinensis(L.)DC.干燥根茎的加工品,具有清热解毒,消痰,利咽的功效。多用于热毒痰火郁结,咽喉肿痛,痰涎壅盛,咳嗽气喘。作为治疗上呼吸道疾病之要药,射干中含有黄酮类及其衍生物、酮类、酚类、苯类、二环三萜类、甾类及挥发性成分。其中黄酮类成分作为主要的药理活性成分,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒的作用。
射干中已报道的黄酮类成分(包括苷及苷元)有30余种,其中关于鸢尾苷(tectoridin)、鸢尾苷元(tectorigenin)、野鸢尾苷(iridin)和野鸢尾苷元(irigenin)等的活性研究报道较多。研究表明射干中黄酮苷元类成分(鸢尾黄素、野鸢尾黄素)在抗炎、抗氧化、抑菌等活性较相应的苷类成分(鸢尾苷、野鸢尾苷)强。
以射干中的鸢尾苷苷元和鸢尾苷分别治疗炎症,发现二者均可以抑制12-O-十四酰佛波-13-乙酸酯或毒胡萝卜素对环氧合酶-2的诱导作用,抑制前列腺素E2(PGE2)的产生,并且鸢尾苷元抑制PGE2的产生能力强于鸢尾苷。
采用生物化学发光法测得射干根茎中分离得到的异黄酮成分野鸢尾苷元、鸢尾苷元、鸢尾苷、5,6,7,4′-四羟基-8-甲氧基异黄酮均具有清除自由基的作用,其中鸢尾苷元对自由基清除作用的能力最强。
采用单细胞生物测定法对射干的抗菌作用进行了研究。通过硅胶凝胶色谱柱和反相HPLC分离出活性组分为鸢尾苷元。采用17种真菌和6种细菌进行实验,发现鸢尾苷元对发癣菌属的皮肤癣菌有显著的抑菌作用。
然而,中药射干中的苷元含量有限,若是通过一定的方法人为的来促进苷类成分降解成苷元,对于提高饮片的临床疗效就具有积极的意义。
大孔吸附树脂吸附技术最早用于废水处理、医药工业、化学工业、分析化学、临床检定和治疗等领域,近年来在我国已广泛用于中草药有效成分的提取、分离、纯化工作中。与中药制剂传统工艺比较,应用大孔吸附树脂技术所得提取物体积小、不吸潮、易制成外型美观的各种剂型,特别适用于颗粒剂、胶囊剂和片剂,改变了传统中药制剂的粗、黑、大现象,有利于中药制剂剂型的升级换代,促进了中药现代化研究的发展。在射干的总黄酮提取中,也有吸附树脂分离的报道,但是到目前为止,所报道的方法中,皆是制备总黄酮提取物,没有以分离黄酮苷元为目标的研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片及其提取物的制备工艺,该工艺可以显著提高射干饮片中的黄酮苷元的含量,从而提高饮片在抗菌消炎等方面的功效。以此为原料,通过大孔吸附树脂技术进一步对总苷元进行富集、纯化,为下一步开展的制剂开发提供保证。
本发明所述富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片的制备方法,其特征在于:在25-55℃的条件下,在中药射干中加入β-葡萄糖苷酶,并浸泡在pH=4-5的缓冲液中,β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量为2000-6000万U/kg,浸泡24-48小时,取出,沥干水分,干燥,筛去碎屑,制成富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片,该射干饮片中黄酮苷元鸢尾黄素及野鸢尾黄素含量高于原射干药材1倍以上。所述射干为射干原药材、原药材切制的饮片或破碎后的药材粉末。
其中,所述β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性为:10000U-100000U/mg,缓冲液为柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠或柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠,所述缓冲液的加入体积优选为射干药材重量的3-6倍(L/Kg)。在缓冲液中浸泡后取出,干燥温度在40-60℃。
本发明还提供了一种利用以上方法制备得到的射干饮片制备射干提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述射干饮片经水提或醇提后调整含醇量为0~30%的上清液上于大孔吸附树脂柱上,先用1~2倍量柱体积含醇量为25-40%的溶液洗脱,续用2-5倍柱体积、体积分数为80%的乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,减压干燥至干得富含黄酮苷元的射干提取物。
本发明所述制备射干提取物的方法,其特征在于,所述水提或醇提过程以及工艺参数为:中药射干,加6~10倍pH为7.5~9的水或纯度为20~70%的稀乙醇,在40~70℃条件下,浸泡1~2小时,回流提取2~3次,滤过,合并滤液,旋转蒸发回收水或乙醇,调整为含醇量为0~30%的上清液,至每1ml含0.2~0.5g药材的药液,静置12~24小时,除去沉淀。
本发明所述制备射干提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述大孔吸附树脂柱为苯乙烯类大孔吸附树脂柱。
本发明所述制备射干提取物的方法,其特征在于:上清液上于NKA-9、X-5、AB-8、S-8、HPD450、HPD500或HPD600的苯乙烯类大孔吸附树脂上,先用1~2倍量柱体积含醇量为0~30%的溶液洗脱,续用2~5倍柱体积、体积分数为30~80%的乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,减压干燥至干得射干提取物。
本发明所述制备射干提取物的方法,其特征在于,具体制备工艺如下:
在45℃的条件下,在射干饮片中加入β-葡萄糖苷酶,并浸泡在pH=4-5的柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液中,β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量为2000-6000万U/kg,缓冲液的加入体积为射干药材重量的3-6倍,浸泡24-48小时,取出,沥干水分,于40-60℃条件下干燥,筛去碎屑;饮片经水提或醇提后调整为含醇量为0~30%的上清液上于大孔吸附树脂柱上,先用1~2倍量柱体积含醇量为30%的溶液洗脱,续用3倍柱体积、体积分数为80%的乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,减压干燥至干,即得射干提取物。
本发明所述方法简单,所得射干提取物的杂质含量低。
附图说明
图1市售未经处理的射干饮片。
图2经处理的射干饮片。
图3射干提取物(注:A,鸢尾苷;B,野鸢尾苷;C,鸢尾黄素;D,野鸢尾黄素)。
具体实施方式
实施例1
射干中总苷元酶法转化工艺的优化
仪器:Agilent 1100液相色谱系统(美国安捷伦公司),Phenomenex色谱柱(Phenomenex Synergi 4u polar-RP 80A 250×4.6mm 4micron),PHS-25CPH计(上海唐仪仪器有限公司),KQ-250DB数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声波仪器有限公司),DZF-6050型真空干燥箱(巩义市予华仪器有限责任公司)。
试药:射干饮片(安徽沪谯中药饮片厂,批号:20141120);柠檬酸(国药集团化学试剂有限公司,批号:20140415)、柠檬酸钠(沈阳试剂一厂,批号:880703);β-葡萄糖苷酶(湖北大华伟业医药化工有限公司,批号:20150103效价:10万U/mg)。
以射干中的总苷及总苷元的含量为考察指标,对射干中总苷元酶法转化工艺进行优化,确定其最优工艺为每100g饮片,在45℃的条件下,加入400万单位的β-葡萄糖苷酶及4倍体积的pH 4.6的柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液,浸泡24小时。确定的最佳工艺条件下3批成品的验证结果如表1.
表1试验结果
实施例2
用商品化D101大孔吸附树脂富集、纯化总苷元的工艺方法,步骤如下:
(1)在45℃的条件下,在1Kg射干饮片中加入4000万U的β-葡萄糖苷酶,并浸泡在pH=4.5的柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液中48小时,取出,沥干水分,干燥,粉碎,之后用8倍、6倍体积的70%乙醇回流提取2次,每次2h,合并滤液减压蒸馏回收乙醇,调节醇浓度至30%,静置12小时,离心除去少量不溶物,得到每1ml含0.5g生药的吸附液2000ml。
(2)将2BV的上述吸附液通过装有D101的大孔吸附树脂的树脂柱(柱内径10cm,柱长150cm,装有6000mL湿树脂),吸附速度为1.0BV/h;
(3)吸附完成后,用2BV的30%乙醇水溶液将树脂上吸附能力较弱的杂质洗脱下来,速度为1.0BV/h;
(4)用5BV的80%乙醇水溶液作解吸剂,解吸速度为1.0BV/h,收集解吸液;
(5)将上述解吸液经减压蒸馏并回收乙醇,然后经浓缩、真空干燥,得到总苷元提取物30.19g。
(6)经HPLC分析测定,提取物中总苷元含量为15.1%(w%)。
实施例3
与实施例2的不同之处在于步骤(1)中,β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量为5000万U,浸泡在pH=5的柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液中24小时。最终得到总苷元提取物31.60g,经HPLC分析测定,提取物中总苷元含量为15.5%(w%)。
实施例4
与实施例2的不同之处在于步骤(1)中,β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量为2000万U,浸泡在pH=4的柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠缓冲液中48小时。最终得到总苷元提取物29.69g,经HPLC分析测定,提取物中总苷元含量为14.5%(w%)。
实施例5
与实施例2的不同之处在于步骤(2)中,树脂选用AB-8的大孔吸附树脂,吸附速度为1.0BV/h。最终得到总苷元提取物30.43g,经HPLC分析测定,提取物中总苷元含量为13.5%(w%)。
实施例6
与实施例2的不同之处在于步骤(3-4)中,以3BV的30%乙醇水溶液将树脂上吸附能力较弱的杂质洗脱下来,速度为1.0BV/h;用8BV的80%乙醇水溶液作解吸剂,解吸速度为1.0BV/h,收集解吸液。最终得到总苷元提取物31.67g,经HPLC分析测定,提取物中总苷元含量为14.2%(w%)。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片的制备方法,其特征在于:在25-55℃的条件下,在中药射干中加入β-葡萄糖苷酶,并浸泡在pH=4-5的缓冲液中,β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量为2000-6000万U/kg,浸泡24-48小时,取出,沥干水分,干燥,筛去碎屑,制成富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片;所述射干为射干原药材、原药材切制的饮片或破碎后的药材粉末。
2.按照权利要求1所述富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片的制备方法,其特征在于:所述β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性为:10000U-100000U/mg,缓冲液为柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠或柠檬酸-磷酸氢二钠。
3.按照权利要求1所述富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片的制备方法,其特征在于:所述缓冲液的加入体积为射干药材重量的3-6倍(L/Kg)。
4.按照权利要求1所述富含黄酮苷元的射干饮片的制备方法,其特征在于:干燥温度在40-60℃。
5.一种利用权利要求1所述方法制备的射干饮片制备射干提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述射干饮片经水提或醇提后调整含醇量为0~30%的上清液上于大孔吸附树脂柱上,先用1~2倍量柱体积含醇量为25-40%的溶液洗脱,续用2-5倍柱体积、体积分数为80%的乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,减压干燥至干得富含黄酮苷元的射干提取物。
6.按照权利要求5所述制备射干提取物的方法,其特征在于,所述水提或醇提过程以及工艺参数为:中药射干,加6~10倍pH为7.5~9的水或纯度为20~70%的稀乙醇,在40~70℃条件下,浸泡1~2小时,回流提取2~3次,滤过,合并滤液,旋转蒸发回收水或乙醇,调整为含醇量为0~30%的上清液,至每1ml含0.2~0.5g药材的药液,静置12~24小时,除去沉淀。
7.按照权利要求5所述制备射干提取物的方法,其特征在于:所述大孔吸附树脂柱为苯乙烯类大孔吸附树脂柱。
8.按照权利要求5或7所述制备射干提取物的方法,其特征在于:上清液上于NKA-9、X-5、AB-8、S-8、HPD450、HPD500或HPD600的苯乙烯类大孔吸附树脂上,先用1~2倍量柱体积含醇量为0~30%的溶液洗脱,续用2~5倍柱体积、体积分数为30~80%的乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,减压干燥至干得射干提取物。
9.按照权利要求5所述制备射干提取物的方法,其特征在于,具体制备工艺如下:
在45℃的条件下,在射干饮片中加入β-葡萄糖苷酶,并浸泡在pH=4-5的柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液中,β-葡萄糖苷酶的加入量为2000-6000万U/kg,缓冲液的加入体积为射干药材重量的3-6倍,浸泡24-48小时,取出,沥干水分,于40-60℃条件下干燥,筛去碎屑;饮片经水提或醇提后调整为含醇量为0~30%的上清液上于大孔吸附树脂柱上,先用1~2倍量柱体积含醇量为30%的溶液洗脱,续用3倍柱体积、体积分数为80%的乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,回收乙醇,减压干燥至干,即得射干提取物。
10.一种权利要求1所述方法制备的射干饮片,其特征在于:所述射干饮片中黄酮苷元鸢尾黄素及野鸢尾黄素含量高于原射干药材1倍以上。
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