CN106619746B - Ganoderma lucidum spore powder particle - Google Patents
Ganoderma lucidum spore powder particle Download PDFInfo
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- CN106619746B CN106619746B CN201610912388.1A CN201610912388A CN106619746B CN 106619746 B CN106619746 B CN 106619746B CN 201610912388 A CN201610912388 A CN 201610912388A CN 106619746 B CN106619746 B CN 106619746B
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- lucidum spore
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 235000001637 Ganoderma lucidum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 240000008397 Ganoderma lucidum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 241000222336 Ganoderma Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XBZYWSMVVKYHQN-MYPRUECHSA-N (4as,6as,6br,8ar,9r,10s,12ar,12br,14bs)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-9-[(sulfooxy)methyl]-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@H](O)[C@@](C)(COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]5(C(O)=O)CCC(C)(C)C[C@H]5C4=CC[C@@H]3[C@]21C XBZYWSMVVKYHQN-MYPRUECHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003648 triterpenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- MIJYXULNPSFWEK-GTOFXWBISA-N 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]5(C(O)=O)CCC(C)(C)C[C@H]5C4=CC[C@@H]3[C@]21C MIJYXULNPSFWEK-GTOFXWBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009051 Ambrosia paniculata var. peruviana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003097 Artemisia absinthium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001851 Artemisia dracunculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017731 Artemisia dracunculus ssp. dracunculus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003261 Artemisia vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JKLISIRFYWXLQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epioleonolsaeure Natural products C1CC(O)C(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC5(C(O)=O)CCC(C)(C)CC5C4CCC3C21C JKLISIRFYWXLQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Muraminsaeure Natural products OC(=O)C(C)OC1C(N)C(O)OC(CO)C1O MSFSPUZXLOGKHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBRJHZPWOMJYKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleanolic acid Natural products CC1(C)CC2C3=CCC4C5(C)CCC(O)C(C)(C)C5CCC4(C)C3(C)CCC2(C1)C(=O)O YBRJHZPWOMJYKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIJYXULNPSFWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleanolinsaeure Natural products C1CC(O)C(C)(C)C2CCC3(C)C4(C)CCC5(C(O)=O)CCC(C)(C)CC5C4=CCC3C21C MIJYXULNPSFWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010013639 Peptidoglycan Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001138 artemisia absinthium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu].[Cu] LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical class O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003862 glucocorticoid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002777 nucleoside Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003835 nucleoside group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940100243 oleanolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HZLWUYJLOIAQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N prosapogenin PS-A Natural products C12CC(C)(C)CCC2(C(O)=O)CCC(C2(CCC3C4(C)C)C)(C)C1=CCC2C3(C)CCC4OC1OCC(O)C(O)C1O HZLWUYJLOIAQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
- A61K36/07—Basidiomycota, e.g. Cryptococcus
- A61K36/074—Ganoderma
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/17—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving drying, e.g. sun-drying or wilting
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles, wherein the acid value of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles is (0.1-0.2) KOHmg/g, the peroxide value index of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles is (0.01-0.03) g/100g, the content of a total triterpenoid of a marked functional component ganoderma lucidum is (3-5) g/100g, and the content of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is (0.5-2.0) g/100 g. Compared with the prior art, no auxiliary material is added in the preparation process of the granule, the prepared granule is not loose, has uniform particle size and good fluidity, and overcomes the defects of poor fluidity, adhesion to aluminum film and inconvenient administration of the traditional ganoderma lucidum spore powder; the obtained granule well retains the original taste and color of Ganoderma spore powder; the particles of the invention well reserve the bioactive substances in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and prevent the ganoderma lucidum spore powder from being influenced by factors such as temperature, chemical solvent and the like; meanwhile, the production period is shortened, the labor intensity is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ganoderma lucidum spore powder related products, and particularly relates to ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles.
Background
The Ganoderma spore powder is prepared by collecting spore ejected from the fungus tube after Ganoderma fruiting body is mature. It has the essence of glossy ganoderma and high nutritive value. The Ganoderma spore powder contains various amino acids, inorganic nutrient elements, triterpenes, alkaloids, sterols, nucleosides, high molecular polysaccharides and other physiologically active substances. Modern pharmacology proves that the ganoderma lucidum spore powder has the effects of regulating immunity, activating macrophages, regulating glucocorticoid and the like. Because the ganoderma lucidum spores have double layers of tough chitin and peptidoglycan outer walls, the human body cannot digest the ganoderma lucidum cell walls. Research proves that morphological changes before and after wall breaking of ganoderma lucidum spore powder are obvious; the content of reducing sugar and peptide in the spore powder extract after wall breaking is obviously higher than that before wall breaking. Animal experiments prove that under the same dosage, the effect of the spore powder on the immune function of a mouse after wall breaking is obviously greater than that before wall breaking. The biological efficacy of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder can be fully exerted by adopting an effective method to break the wall. The wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder is prepared from ganoderma lucidum spore powder, is enrichment or concentration of all bioactive components in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and removes ganoderma lucidum spore cell walls which can not be digested and decomposed by human bodies, so that bioactive substances in the ganoderma lucidum spores are convenient for the absorption and utilization of the human bodies.
The wall breaking process of Ganoderma spore powder can be roughly classified into 5 types, biological method, chemical method, physical method, mechanical method, and comprehensive method. After the wall is broken, the spore powder has poor fluidity and is greasy, and the spore powder is conglobated when meeting water and is stuck on the surface of a container or a package, thereby seriously affecting the edibility of the spore powder. Generally, the wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder is prepared into granules to improve the physical properties of the granules. The spore powder wet granules are usually dried by a hot air circulation oven, and the most direct influence caused by drying the spore powder wet granules at high temperature is the reduction of the biological activity of functional substances in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles, wherein the acid value of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles is (0.1-0.2) KOHmg/g, the indexes of peroxide values of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles are (0.01-0.03) g/100g, the content of total triterpenoids of ganoderma lucidum serving as a marked functional component is (3-5) g/100g, and the content of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is (0.5-2.0) g/100 g.
Preferably, the acid value of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles is (0.14-0.16) KOHmg/g, the indexes of peroxide value are (0.018-0.028) g/100g, the content of total triterpenoids of the ganoderma lucidum serving as a marked functional component is (4.05-4.30) g/100g, and the content of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is (1.3-1.8) g/100 g.
Preferably, in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles, the cell walls of ganoderma lucidum spores are in a damaged state.
As another optimization, the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles have no greasy and sticky phenomena and are uniform in particle size.
As another preferred mode, the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles are mainly prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: taking ganoderma spore powder as a raw material, washing with water, and removing impurities;
(2) and (3) vacuum drying: setting vacuum degree and vacuum drying time to ensure that the moisture content after vacuum drying is less than or equal to 6 percent;
(3) freezing embrittlement and wall breaking: the raw material after vacuum drying is placed and embrittled for 3 to 5 hours at the temperature of minus 18 ℃; then carrying out ultrasonic mixing wall breaking at the temperature of 40-70 ℃;
(4) and (3) wet granulation: mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder subjected to wall breaking with purified water according to the mass ratio of 1: (0.3-0.4) mixing and granulating;
(5) airflow drying: setting the air inlet temperature: 50-60 ℃, air outlet temperature: 35-40 ℃, flow rate: 4500 ℃ C. 5000m3And/s, carrying out airflow drying for 3.5-4 hours, and then finishing granules to obtain the finished product.
As another preference, the vacuum degree in the step (2) is 0.7-1.0MPa, and the vacuum drying time is 4-8 h.
Preferably, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic waves in the step (3) is 18-22 kHz, the mixing time is 4-12 min, and the mixing speed is 20-50 rpm.
As another preferred mode, the granulation in the step (4) is performed by using a rotary granulator, wherein the rotation speed of the granulator is as follows: 50-60rpm, screen: 11-13 meshes.
In another preferred mode, the size reduction in step (5) is carried out by using a 15-17 mesh sieve.
The invention adopts freezing embrittlement to break the wall, only needs to be placed at-18 ℃ for embrittlement for 3-5h, and then carries out ultrasonic wall breaking, thus achieving the wall breaking rate of more than 99 percent, having low requirement on conditions, simple process, no need of adding any auxiliary materials, effectively keeping the effective components in the raw materials, and having high wall breaking rate. In the prior art, the wall breaking method which adopts ultra-low temperature freezing treatment in liquid nitrogen for 5-120 minutes, then stands at room temperature and repeats for many times has high cost, complex operation, high condition requirement and poor wall breaking effect; in addition, the method also comprises the steps of putting the raw materials into a mixture of dry ice and absolute ethyl alcohol, and mechanically crushing and breaking the walls by using ultrasonic waves, wherein the wall breaking is still carried out by using the ultrasonic waves, but the wall breaking still needs to be carried out in a low-temperature environment, and the dry ice and the absolute ethyl alcohol are also added, so that the cost is increased, and the absolute ethyl alcohol can damage effective components in the raw materials and even cause residues.
The ganoderma lucidum spore powder particle product obtained by the invention is not added with any auxiliary material, and the ganoderma lucidum spore (wall-broken) powder particle is prepared by adopting the low-temperature freezing wall-breaking and 38 ℃ low-temperature airflow dynamic drying technology. According to the technical scheme, the traditional heating of a high-temperature laminate at 90-110 ℃ is abandoned, so that various bioactive substances in the wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder are not damaged by a high-temperature heat source, and the time and energy consumption of manually turning over raw materials in the high-temperature drying process of the traditional process are avoided. The method also changes the physical properties of oily and viscous Ganoderma spore powder, and uses chemical binder such as ethanol to granulate.
In addition, the low-temperature airflow dynamic drying process can effectively intercept dry ganoderma spore particles escaping due to airflow boiling drying, so that the loss of the dry ganoderma spore particles is less than 1%. The wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles (chewable granules) prepared by the technology have qualitative breakthrough in various functional indexes. Compared with the drying of the wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder product by a hot air circulation oven, the drying time of the wet wood of the product is 3.5-4 hours. The indexes of acid value and peroxide value of the wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder prepared by the process are (0.1-0.2) KOHmg/g and (0.01-0.03) g/100g respectively, and the content of total triterpenoids in the marked functional components ganoderma lucidum reaches (3-5) g/100g g (compared with the wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder prepared by the traditional hot air circulation drying method, the drying time is 18-22 hours, the indexes of acid value and peroxide value are about 8.60KOHmg/g and about 9.7g/100g respectively, and the content of triterpenoids is only about 1.6g/100 g). The product has greatly improved taste and freshness, and has no wormwood taste of traditional ganoderma spore powder, but has pleasant sesame oil and ganoderma spore powder polysaccharide mellow fragrance. The product is also convenient to take, and the phenomenon that the traditional ganoderma lucidum spore powder adsorbs aluminum foil bags is changed.
The technical effects are as follows: compared with the prior art, the technology of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the preparation process of the granule of the invention does not need to add any auxiliary materials, the prepared granule is not loose, has uniform particle size and good fluidity, and overcomes the defects of poor fluidity, adhesion to aluminum film and inconvenient administration of the traditional ganoderma lucidum spore powder;
2. the obtained granule well retains the original taste and color of Ganoderma spore powder;
3. the particles of the invention well reserve the bioactive substances in the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and prevent the ganoderma lucidum spore powder from being influenced by factors such as temperature, chemical solvent and the like; meanwhile, the production period is shortened, the labor intensity is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation process of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: taking ganoderma spore powder as a raw material, washing with water, and removing impurities;
(2) and (3) vacuum drying: setting the vacuum degree to be 0.9kPa, and the vacuum drying time to be 6h, so that the moisture content after vacuum drying is less than or equal to 6 percent;
(3) freezing embrittlement and wall breaking: the raw material after vacuum drying is placed and embrittled for 3 hours at the temperature of-18 ℃; then ultrasonic mixing is carried out at 50 ℃ to break the wall; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20 kilohertz, the mixing time is 5min, and the mixing speed is 40 rpm.
(4) And (3) wet granulation: mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder subjected to wall breaking with purified water according to the mass ratio of 1: mixing and granulating according to the proportion of 0.3; granulating by adopting a rotary granulator, wherein the rotating speed of the granulator is as follows: 55rpm, screen: 12 meshes.
(5) Airflow drying: setting the air inlet temperature: 55 ℃, air outlet temperature: 38 ℃, flow rate: 4800m3And/s, carrying out air flow drying for 3.5 hours, and then finishing the granules by using a 16-mesh screen.
The obtained Ganoderma spore powder has no greasiness and stickiness, uniform particle size, good fluidity, and retained original taste and color of Ganoderma spore powder.
Example 2
The preparation process of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: taking ganoderma spore powder as a raw material, washing with water, and removing impurities;
(2) and (3) vacuum drying: setting the vacuum degree to be 0.9kPa, and the vacuum drying time to be 6h, so that the moisture content after vacuum drying is less than or equal to 6 percent;
(3) freezing embrittlement and wall breaking: the raw material after vacuum drying is placed and embrittled for 5 hours at the temperature of-18 ℃; then ultrasonic mixing is carried out at the temperature of 60 ℃ to break the wall; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20 kilohertz, the mixing time is 10min, and the mixing speed is 30 rpm.
(4) And (3) wet granulation: mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder subjected to wall breaking with purified water according to the mass ratio of 1: mixing and granulating according to the proportion of 0.4; granulating by adopting a rotary granulator, wherein the rotating speed of the granulator is as follows: 55rpm, screen: 12 meshes.
(5) Airflow drying: setting the air inlet temperature: 55 ℃, air outlet temperature: 38 ℃, flow rate: 4800m3And/s, carrying out air flow drying for 4 hours, and then finishing the granules by using a 16-mesh screen.
The obtained Ganoderma spore powder has no greasiness and stickiness, uniform particle size, good fluidity, and retained original taste and color of Ganoderma spore powder.
Example 3
The preparation process of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: taking ganoderma spore powder as a raw material, washing with water, and removing impurities;
(2) and (3) vacuum drying: setting the vacuum degree to be 0.9kPa, and the vacuum drying time to be 6h, so that the moisture content after vacuum drying is less than or equal to 6 percent;
(3) freezing embrittlement and wall breaking: the raw material after vacuum drying is placed and embrittled for 4 hours at the temperature of-18 ℃; then ultrasonic mixing is carried out at the temperature of 55 ℃ to break the wall; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20 kilohertz, the mixing time is 8min, and the mixing speed is 35 rpm.
(4) And (3) wet granulation: mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder subjected to wall breaking with purified water according to the mass ratio of 1: mixing and granulating according to the proportion of 0.35; granulating by adopting a rotary granulator, wherein the rotating speed of the granulator is as follows: 55rpm, screen: 12 meshes.
(5) Airflow drying: setting the air inlet temperature: 55 ℃, air outlet temperature: 38 ℃, flow rate: 4800m3And/s, carrying out air flow drying for 3.8 hours, and then finishing the granules by using a 16-mesh screen.
The obtained Ganoderma spore powder has no greasiness and stickiness, uniform particle size, good fluidity, and retained original taste and color of Ganoderma spore powder.
Example 4
The preparation process of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: taking ganoderma spore powder as a raw material, washing with water, and removing impurities;
(2) and (3) vacuum drying: setting vacuum degree and vacuum drying time, wherein the vacuum degree is 0.7kPa, and the vacuum drying time is 4h, so that the moisture content after vacuum drying is less than or equal to 6%;
(3) freezing embrittlement and wall breaking: the raw material after vacuum drying is placed and embrittled for 5 hours at the temperature of-18 ℃; then ultrasonic mixing wall breaking is carried out at 40 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 18 kilohertz, the mixing time is 4min, and the mixing rotating speed is 50 rpm;
(4) and (3) wet granulation: mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder subjected to wall breaking with purified water according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.3, adopting a rotary granulator to granulate, wherein the rotating speed of the granulator is as follows: 50rpm, screen: 11 meshes;
(5) airflow drying: setting the air inlet temperature: 50 ℃, air outlet temperature: 35 ℃, flow rate: 4500m3And/s, carrying out air flow drying for 3.5 hours, and then adopting a 15-mesh screen to carry out size stabilization to obtain the product.
The obtained Ganoderma spore powder has no greasiness and stickiness, uniform particle size, good fluidity, and retained original taste and color of Ganoderma spore powder.
Example 5
The preparation process of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: taking ganoderma spore powder as a raw material, washing with water, and removing impurities;
(2) and (3) vacuum drying: setting vacuum degree and vacuum drying time, wherein the vacuum degree is 1.0kPa, and the vacuum drying time is 8 hours, so that the moisture content after vacuum drying is less than or equal to 6 percent;
(3) freezing embrittlement and wall breaking: the raw material after vacuum drying is placed and embrittled for 3 hours at the temperature of-18 ℃; then ultrasonic mixing wall breaking is carried out at 70 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 22 kilohertz, the mixing time is 12min, and the mixing rotating speed is 20 rpm;
(4) and (3) wet granulation: mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder subjected to wall breaking with purified water according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.4, adopting a rotary granulator to granulate, wherein the rotating speed of the granulator is as follows: 60rpm, screen: 13 meshes;
(5) airflow drying: setting the air inlet temperature: 60 ℃, air outlet temperature: 40 ℃, flow rate: 5000m3And/s, carrying out air flow drying for 4 hours, and then adopting a 17-mesh screen to carry out size stabilization to obtain the finished product.
The obtained Ganoderma spore powder has no greasiness and stickiness, uniform particle size, good fluidity, and retained original taste and color of Ganoderma spore powder.
Experimental example determination of active substances in Ganoderma spore powder particles obtained by the present invention
Measuring the acid value by GB/T5009.37;
measuring the peroxide value index by GB/T5009.37;
measuring total triterpenoid content of Ganoderma by colorimetry (reacting triterpenoid in Ganoderma with vanillin under perchloric acid to generate colored substance, wherein the absorbance is proportional to triterpenoid content at 545nm wavelength, and measuring triterpenoid content by colorimetry with oleanolic acid as reference);
the content of the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is measured by a colorimetric method (the polysaccharide is hydrolyzed into monosaccharide under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid and is rapidly dehydrated to form a furfural derivative, the derivative and phenol react to form an orange yellow compound, the color of a product is linearly related to the content of the monosaccharide formed by hydrolysis within a certain range, the absorbance value of the product is measured by the colorimetric method, and the content of the soluble ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide in a sample can be calculated by taking glucose as a standard).
The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.
Control 1 group used the method of example 3 of the present invention, except that: ganoderma spore powder granule prepared by conventional hot air circulation drying method is provided.
The control 2 group employed the method of example 3 of the present invention, except that: the raw materials are placed in a mixture of dry ice and absolute ethyl alcohol, and mechanical crushing and wall breaking are carried out by adopting ultrasonic waves to prepare the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles.
TABLE 1 measurement results of various indexes of Ganoderma spore powder
The results in table 1 above show that, compared with two control groups, the acid value and peroxide value of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles obtained by the invention are both greatly reduced; the content of the marked functional component ganoderma lucidum total triterpenoids is obviously improved, which shows that the ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained by the invention has outstanding performance and obvious advantages.
In addition, the wall-breaking rate of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder obtained by the control group 1 can also reach more than 99%, but the wall-breaking rate of the control group 2 is obviously reduced, which shows that the wall-breaking rate obtained by the method is greatly improved, and the advantages are obvious.
Claims (6)
1. The ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles are characterized in that the acid value of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles is (0.1-0.2) KOHmg/g, the peroxide value index of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles is (0.01-0.03) g/100g, the content of total triterpenoids of the ganoderma lucidum serving as a marked functional component is (3-5) g/100g, and the content of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is (0.5-2.0) g/100 g;
the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles are mainly prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: taking ganoderma spore powder as a raw material, washing with water, and removing impurities;
(2) and (3) vacuum drying: setting vacuum degree and vacuum drying time to ensure that the moisture content after vacuum drying is less than or equal to 6 percent;
(3) freezing embrittlement and wall breaking: the raw material after vacuum drying is placed and embrittled for 3 to 5 hours at the temperature of minus 18 ℃; then carrying out ultrasonic mixing wall breaking at the temperature of 60-70 ℃; the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20-22 kilohertz, the mixing time is 4-12 min, and the mixing rotating speed is 20-50 rpm;
(4) and (3) wet granulation: mixing the ganoderma lucidum spore powder subjected to wall breaking with purified water according to the mass ratio of 1: (0.3-0.4) mixing and granulating;
(5) airflow drying: setting the air inlet temperature: 50-60 ℃ of air outlet temperature: 35-40 ℃, flow rate: 4500 ℃ C. 5000m3And/s, carrying out airflow drying for 3.5-4 hours, and then finishing granules to obtain the finished product.
2. The ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles of claim 1, wherein the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particles have an acid value of (0.14-0.16) KOHmg, a peroxide value index of (0.018-0.028) g/100g, a total triterpenoid content of the marked functional components ganoderma lucidum of (4.05-4.30) g/100g, and a ganoderan content of (1.3-1.8) g/100 g.
3. The ganoderma lucidum spore powder particle according to claim 1, wherein the cell wall of ganoderma lucidum spore is in a broken state.
4. The ganoderma lucidum spore powder particle of claim 1, wherein the ganoderma lucidum spore powder particle has no phenomena of greasiness and stickiness, and has a uniform particle size.
5. The ganoderma lucidum spore powder particle according to claim 1, wherein the granulation in the step (4) is performed by a rotary granulator, and the rotation speed of the granulator is as follows: 50-60rpm, screen: 11-13 meshes.
6. The ganoderma lucidum spore powder particle according to claim 1, wherein the whole particle in the step (5) is finished by using a 15-17 mesh screen.
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