CN106614735B - 一种丙氨酸为还原剂制备载银活性炭的方法 - Google Patents
一种丙氨酸为还原剂制备载银活性炭的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种载银活性炭的制备方法,通过以硝酸银和丙氨酸络合溶液,再浸渗活性炭,经过加热分解和还原,利用硝酸银和丙氨酸络合物的反应热,获得高稳定性的活性炭表面吸附纳米银,具体步骤为:配制摩尔比为3.2~2.5:1、Ag离子质量浓度为0.01~0.6%硝酸银‑丙氨酸络合液;活性炭与络合液的比例为0.25~1Kg/升浸泡6~24小时后于40~90℃干燥;在循环氮气保护下160‑300℃、保温0.5~6小时热分解;清水洗涤后干燥,所得纳米银粒径为10~50nm;载银量0.01~0.4wt.%。本发明银颗粒分散性好、杀菌效率高,工艺流程,降低了反应温度,提高了载银活性炭的杀菌效率,减少了银用量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种载银活性炭的方法。它是通过以硝酸银和丙氨酸络合溶液,再浸渗活性炭,经过加热分解和还原,利用硝酸银和丙氨酸络合物的反应热,获得高稳定性的活性炭表面吸附纳米银,用于纯净水净化杀菌等方面。
技术背景
本发明属于净化、杀菌等领域的纳米颗粒银改性的活性炭材料。
国内外饮用水深度净化活性炭(AC),通常以载银为主。载银活性炭(AC/Ag)的制备方法主要包括浸渍法、掺杂法、电化学沉积法、还原法、超临界水浸渍法等,工业化应用较多的是浸渍法和还原法。
浸渍法是采用硝酸银、醋酸银等含银粒子水溶液浸泡AC,干燥后得到吸附了银离子的活性炭,然后经过升温分解得到氧化银,再在400~500℃煅烧若干小时,利用氧化银高温分解得到金属银。要求在惰性气体保护下煅烧,在煅烧过程及降温过程不能有空气渗入,一旦有空气渗入,易形成的金属银又会被氧化成氧化银,其最终产品质量不易控制。浸渍法制备AC/Ag工艺简单,成本低,无污染,银分布在AC表面,有利于杀菌。但该法制备的AC对银主要是物理吸附,银容易流失,不能达到持久杀菌的效果。
还原法是将AC浸渍在含银溶液中一段时间,然后用一种还原剂把银离子还原成单质银的过程。以NaBH4还原制备AC/Ag为例,具体过程为活性炭活化处理、在避光条件下长时间浸渍到AgNO3溶液中,之后用蒸馏水洗涤直至洗涤液中无银离子检出,然后将上述AC浸渍在NaBH4溶液中长时间,之后水洗除去剩余NaBH4,于70℃真空长时间干燥。该法可以实现AC与银颗粒的良好结合。但还原法工序流程长;需要多次洗涤,用水量大,水资源要求高;用到避光、真空等工艺,设备要求高;并且银颗粒主要以团聚状分布在AC的外表面和孔中,负载的银颗粒比较大,且杀菌效率不高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有高效、持久杀菌作用的载银活性炭的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是,采用一种能与银粒子发生络合作用的还原剂,将银离子以络合物形式吸附在活性炭的表面和微孔中,然后在较低的温度下快速还原、分解,获得分散性好、不易流失的载银活性炭。具体步骤如下:
(1) 硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液制备:称取硝酸银晶体和丙氨酸晶体,用蒸馏水溶解,获得银硝酸铵络合液。其中,硝酸银与丙氨酸的摩尔比例为3.2~2.5:1,配制的水溶液中Ag离子质量浓度为0.01~0.6%。
(2) 银离子浸泡、干燥活性炭:将市售的净水活性炭,如壳炭、煤质炭等,用蒸馏水洗净、烘干、放凉。用配制好的硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液室温振荡、浸泡活性炭,浸泡时间为6~24小时;浸泡时活性炭与络合液的比例为0.25~1Kg/升;浸泡后在通风环境、避光环境滤干;然后在热风,如电热鼓风干燥箱,40~90℃干燥至恒重,脱除水和结晶水。
(3) 热分解反应:将浸泡干燥后活性炭升温至在160-300℃,保温时间为0.5~6小时。热分解时采用干燥的循环氮气保护,有条件时也可采用分解氨保护。采用推舟炉、网带式干燥炉、回转炉等连续加热炉可实现连续生产。升温速度控制在0.1~2℃/分钟,避免热分解反应过于剧烈而影响纳米银分散性和与活性炭表面的界面结合力。
(4) 洗涤:将上述活性炭用纯净水洗涤2~4次,洗去残余的反应物。为了避免银粒子氧化,清洗后的干燥温度控制在50~120℃。清洗后的水的银残存量≤10ppb(微克/升),达到饮用水的标准。
(5) 检测:每批次采用硫氰酸钠标准溶液滴定测定载银量、扫描电镜观察银颗粒形貌和尺寸,并在25℃、150 r /min,恒温振荡600小时后,用双硫肿分光光度法测定银的抗流失性能,银的流失率≤20%,载银量受活性炭比表面和吸附性能、络合液含银量、浸泡工艺和热分解工艺的参数的影响,当载银量低于要求的区间0.01~0.4wt.%时,重复步骤(2)银离子浸泡、干燥活性炭和步骤(3)热分解反应以增加载银量。
所述的硝酸银与丙氨酸的摩尔比为3~2.5:1。
所述的Ag离子质量浓度为0.1~0.6%。
所述的干燥活性炭升温为180-280℃。
将硝酸银(AgNO3)做为氧化剂、丙氨酸(C3H7NO2)做为络合还原剂,配制成水溶液;将溶液逐渐蒸发可形成凝胶。这种凝胶在160~300℃能迅速反应、放出大量气体和热量,可得到分散的纳米级超细金属银粉。这个过程中首先发生了丙氨酸(CH3CH(NH2)COOH)的分解反应,出现NH4 +。随加热的进行,水蒸发,溶液中的NH4 +和 NO3 -离子则以 NH4NO3晶体的形式析出,最终得到 AgOH、Ag2O 和 NH4NO3晶体的混合物。上述混合晶体进一步加热,会发生着复杂的分解反应,获得纳米银和CO2、H2O、N2O、N2等气体。
当硝酸银和丙氨酸按摩尔比为16:5时的反应式如下:
32AgNO3+10C3H7NO2→32Ag+30CO2+35H2O+21N2O
当硝酸银和丙氨酸按摩尔比为5:2时的反应式如下:
10AgNO3+4 C3H7NO2→10Ag+12CO2+14H2O+7N2
当硝酸银过量时,反应会出现银的氧化物;当还原剂丙氨酸进一步过量时,需要氧气参与反应,或者释放出氨气。
本发明用于生产载银活性炭,具有反应温度低和效率高的特点,通常在150-300℃之间,分解反应释放的热量促进反应进行。与常规的浸渍和热分解工艺相比,缩短了工艺流程,降低了反应温度、避免出现由于高温反应而造成的Ag颗粒与炭表面结合不牢和易出现氧化银的问题。与常规还原法相比,减少了浸渍次数,并且由于本发明所采用的络合Ag化合物分解产生大量气体如NH3、H2O、CO2、N2,N2O等,使形成的纳米Ag颗粒分散,克服了一般NaBH4还原制备AC/Ag的Ag颗粒团聚现象,提高载银活性炭的杀菌效率,减少银用量。
本发明工艺过程简单、易于操作、产率高、易于工业化生产,具有洁净、绿色环保和节能特点。所得纳米银粒径为 10~50nm;载银量0.01~0.4wt.%;银颗粒与活性炭结合力高,150r/min, 25℃恒温水中振荡,600小时后,银的流失率≤20%;银颗粒分散性好、杀菌效率高。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明做详细说明。
实施例1
(1) 硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液制备:称取17g硝酸银和3.56g丙氨酸,用蒸馏水溶解,获得100升银硝酸铵络合液。其中,硝酸银与丙氨酸的摩尔比例为5:2,配制的水溶液中Ag离子质量浓度约为0.01%。
(2) 银离子浸泡、干燥活性炭:将市售的椰子果壳炭用蒸馏水洗净、烘干、放凉。用Ag离子质量浓度约为0.01%,摩尔比例为5:2的硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液室温振荡、浸泡活性炭,浸泡时间为6小时;浸泡时活性炭与络合液的比例为1Kg/升;浸泡后在通风环境、避光环境滤干;在电热鼓风干燥箱,40℃干燥至恒重,脱除水和结晶水。
(3) 热分解反应:将浸泡干燥后活性炭升温至在160℃,保温时间为6小时。热分解时采用干燥的循环氮气保护管式炉中干燥,升温速度为2℃/分钟。
(4) 洗涤:将上述活性炭用纯净水洗涤2次,洗去残余的反应物。清洗后在电热鼓风干燥箱,50℃干燥至恒重。
(5) 检测:所得纳米银粒径为 10nm;载银量0.01%;银颗粒与活性炭结合力高,150r/min, 25℃恒温水中振荡,600小时后,银的流失率为3%。
实施例2
(1) 硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液制备:称取17g硝酸银和3.56g丙氨酸,用蒸馏水溶解,获得18升银硝酸铵络合液。其中,硝酸银与丙氨酸的摩尔比例为5:2,配制的水溶液中Ag离子质量浓度约为0.6%。
(2) 银离子浸泡、干燥活性炭:将市售煤质炭用蒸馏水洗净、烘干、放凉。用Ag离子质量浓度约为0.6%,摩尔比例为5:2的硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液室温振荡、浸泡活性炭,浸泡时间为24小时;浸泡时活性炭与络合液的比例为1Kg/升;浸泡后在通风环境、避光环境滤干;在电热鼓风干燥箱,90℃干燥至恒重,脱除水和结晶水。
(3) 热分解反应:将浸泡干燥后活性炭升温至在300℃,保温时间为0.5小时。热分解时采用网带式干燥炉、升温速度控制在0.1℃/分钟,采用干燥的循环氮气保护。
(4) 洗涤:将上述活性炭用纯净水洗涤4次,洗去残余的反应物。清洗后用在网带式干燥炉中,120℃干燥至恒重。
(5) 检测:所得纳米银粒径为 46nm;载银量0.4%;银颗粒与活性炭结合力高,150r/min, 25℃恒温水中振荡,600小时后,银的流失率为18%。
实施例3
(1) 硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液制备:称取17g硝酸银和2.78g丙氨酸,用蒸馏水溶解,获得18升银硝酸铵络合液。其中,硝酸银与丙氨酸的摩尔比例为16:5,配制的水溶液中Ag离子质量浓度约为0.6%。
(2) 银离子浸泡、干燥活性炭:将市售果壳炭用蒸馏水洗净、烘干、放凉。用Ag离子质量浓度约为0.6%,摩尔比例为16:5的硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液室温振荡、浸泡活性炭,浸泡时间为12小时;浸泡时活性炭与络合液的比例为0.25Kg/升;浸泡后在通风环境、避光环境滤干;在80℃热风干燥筒干燥至恒重,脱除水和结晶水。
(3) 热分解反应:将浸泡干燥后活性炭升温至在260℃,保温时间为3小时。热分解时采用自动推舟干燥炉、升温速度控制在0.5℃/分钟,采用干燥的循环氮气保护。
(4) 洗涤:将上述活性炭用纯净水洗涤3次,洗去残余的反应物。清洗后用在自动推舟干燥炉,110℃干燥至恒重。
(5) 检测:所得纳米银粒径为 60nm;载银量0.3%;银颗粒与活性炭结合力高,150r/min, 25℃恒温水中振荡,600小时后,银的流失率为10%。
实施例4
(1) 硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液制备:称取17g硝酸银和3.34g丙氨酸,用蒸馏水溶解,获得36升银硝酸铵络合液。其中,硝酸银与丙氨酸的摩尔比例为8:3,配制的水溶液中Ag离子质量浓度约为0.3%。
(2) 银离子浸泡、干燥活性炭:将市售果壳炭用蒸馏水洗净、烘干、放凉。用Ag离子质量浓度约为0.3%,摩尔比例为8:3的硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液室温振荡、浸泡活性炭,浸泡时间为12小时;浸泡时活性炭与络合液的比例为0.5Kg/升;浸泡后在通风环境、避光环境滤干;在60℃热风干燥筒干燥至恒重,脱除水和结晶水。
(3) 热分解反应:将浸泡干燥后活性炭升温至在300℃,保温时间为3小时。热分解时采用自动推舟干燥炉、升温速度控制在0.5℃/分钟,采用干燥的循环氮气保护。
(4) 洗涤:将上述活性炭用纯净水洗涤2次,洗去残余的反应物。清洗后用在自动推舟干燥炉,120℃干燥至恒重。
(5) 检测:所得纳米银粒径为 30nm;载银量0.3%;银颗粒与活性炭结合力高,150r/min, 25℃恒温水中振荡,600小时后,银的流失率为12%。
实施例5
(1) 硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液制备:称取8.5g硝酸银和3.24g丙氨酸,用蒸馏水溶解,获得36升银硝酸铵络合液。其中,硝酸银与丙氨酸的摩尔比例为11:4,配制的水溶液中Ag离子质量浓度约为0.15%。
(2) 银离子浸泡、干燥活性炭:将市售果壳炭用蒸馏水洗净、烘干、放凉。用Ag离子质量浓度约为0.15%,摩尔比例为11:4的硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液室温振荡、浸泡活性炭,浸泡时间为9小时;浸泡时活性炭与络合液的比例为0.25Kg/升;浸泡后在通风环境、避光环境滤干;在40℃热风干燥筒干燥至恒重,脱除水和结晶水。
(3) 热分解反应:将浸泡干燥后活性炭升温至在200℃,保温时间为2小时。热分解时采用干燥的循环氮气保护管式炉,升温速度控制在1℃/分钟,。
(4) 洗涤:将上述活性炭用纯净水洗涤2次,洗去残余的反应物。清洗后用90℃鼓风干燥箱干燥至恒重。
(5) 检测:所得纳米银粒径为 30nm;载银量0.13%;银颗粒与活性炭结合力高,150r/min, 25℃恒温水中振荡,600小时后,银的流失率为11%。
Claims (2)
1.一种丙氨酸为还原剂制备载银活性炭的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1) 硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液制备:称取硝酸银晶体和丙氨酸晶体,用蒸馏水溶解,获得硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液,硝酸银与丙氨酸的摩尔比为3.2~2.5:1,配制的水溶液中Ag离子质量浓度为0.01~0.6%;
(2) 银离子浸泡、干燥活性炭:将净水活性炭用蒸馏水洗净、烘干、冷却,用配制好的硝酸银-丙氨酸络合液室温振荡、浸泡活性炭,浸泡时间为6~24小时;浸泡时活性炭与络合液的比例为0.25~1Kg/升;浸泡后在通风、避光环境滤干;然后在40~90℃的热风中干燥至恒重,脱除水和结晶水;
(3) 热分解反应:将银离子浸泡、干燥活性炭升温至160-300℃,保温时间0.5~6小时进行热分解,热分解时采用干燥的循环氮气保护,或采用分解氨保护;采用推舟炉、网带式干燥炉或回转炉,实现连续生产,升温速度控制在0.1~2℃/分钟;
(4) 洗涤:将步骤(3)得到的产物用纯净水洗涤2~4次,洗去残余的反应物,为避免银粒子氧化,清洗后的干燥温度控制在50~120℃,清洗后的水的银残存量≤10ppb,达到饮用水的标准;
(5) 检测:每批次采用硫氰酸钠标准溶液滴定测定载银量、扫描电镜观察银颗粒形貌和尺寸,并在25℃、150 r /min,恒温振荡600小时后,用双硫腙分光光度法测定银的抗流失性能,银的流失率≤20%,载银量受活性炭比表面和吸附性能、络合液含银量、浸泡工艺和热分解工艺的参数的影响,当载银量低于要求的0.01wt.%时,重复步骤(2)银离子浸泡、干燥活性炭和步骤(3)热分解反应以增加载银量。
2.如权利要求1所述的丙氨酸为还原剂制备载银活性炭的方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(3)中的干燥活性炭升温为180~280℃。
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US5261945A (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1993-11-16 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Energy, Mines And Resources | Selective recovery of gold and silver from carbonate eluates |
WO2001014043A1 (en) * | 1999-08-17 | 2001-03-01 | Calgon Carbon Corporation | Immobilisation of a biocide on activated carbon |
CN103225134A (zh) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-07-31 | 张家港耐尔纳米科技有限公司 | 一种载银活性炭纤维的制备方法 |
CN103563983A (zh) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-02-12 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种纳米银过氧化物复合杀菌液及其制备方法 |
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US5261945A (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1993-11-16 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Energy, Mines And Resources | Selective recovery of gold and silver from carbonate eluates |
WO2001014043A1 (en) * | 1999-08-17 | 2001-03-01 | Calgon Carbon Corporation | Immobilisation of a biocide on activated carbon |
CN103563983A (zh) * | 2012-07-24 | 2014-02-12 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种纳米银过氧化物复合杀菌液及其制备方法 |
CN103225134A (zh) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-07-31 | 张家港耐尔纳米科技有限公司 | 一种载银活性炭纤维的制备方法 |
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