CN106614115B - Odontobutis obscura industrial external circulating water ecological breeding method - Google Patents
Odontobutis obscura industrial external circulating water ecological breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 241001669656 Odontobutis obscura Species 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241001669646 Oxyeleotris marmorata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000594011 Leuciscus leuciscus Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 244000207867 Pistia stratiotes Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000006440 Pistia stratiotes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000252228 Ctenopharyngodon Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000269319 Squalius cephalus Species 0.000 claims 3
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241001669657 Odontobutis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001055374 Favonigobius Species 0.000 description 6
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture and discloses industrial external circulation water of odontobutis obscuraThe ecological breeding method specifically comprises the following steps: an industrial external circulating water ecological breeding system is adopted for breeding; the industrial external circulating water ecological breeding system comprises a breeding workshop and a water treatment system, wherein the water treatment system consists of an ecological sewage collection treatment tank, a biological filter tank, a microorganism enrichment tank and a water pump; the method selects oxyeleotris marmoratus and hybrid oxyeleotris marmoratus, the stocking specification is 25-60 g, and the stocking density is 50-80 tails/m2Feeding the fish with the feed and the artificial mixed feed, and controlling the water temperature in a breeding workshop to be 18-32 ℃. The invention has simple equipment, low operation cost and strong operability; the 'ecological type' characteristic of the external circulating water system is outstanding, and the water-saving, ecological and cultivation effects are obvious; the invention controls various factors or links such as bait, sewage treatment, water quality and the like to be 1m3The water body can be used for cultivating and producing over 50kg of commercial fish, and the cultivation survival rate is over 90 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, relates to a fish industrial culture method, and particularly relates to an industrial external circulating water ecological culture method for odontobutis obscura.
Background
Oxyyeleotris fish (common name of Marble goby), classified as Percifomes (Percifomes), gobies (Gobiotoidei) and Odontobaeidae (Eletridae), is tender in meat quality, delicious in taste and less in prickle, is a rare edible fish, is popular with consumers in China and Japan, southeast Asia and Hongkong and Australian regions, and has a great market prospect and development space. At present, snakehead pond culture in tip pond of China has gained great success, and only in pearl triangle area, the area of breeding reaches more than 8000 mu each year, but the cultivation technique is single, and the production and cultivation survival rate is on the low side, and the disease is more, and safe cultivation lacks control, seriously influences the healthy development of the snakehead industry in tip pond.
The industrial circulating water culture is an intensive culture mode integrating physical, chemical, biological, information and electronic engineering, saving energy, water, protecting environment and having high efficiency, and the intensive culture mode controls the culture technical parameter indexes in an effective range all the time by monitoring key culture production technical links according to the physiological characteristic requirements of culture objects, improves the water environment continuously by biotechnology, fundamentally improves the product quality and produces pollution-free aquatic products.
In recent years, many practitioners move other fish industrial circulating water culture methods to culture snakehead snakeheads in the tip pond, but the culture effect is poor due to lack of understanding of ecological characteristics of snakehead culture in the tip pond.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an industrial external circulating water ecological breeding method for odontobutis obscura. The method adopts a culture mode of factory external circulating water, is suitable for the ecological characteristics of snakehead cultivation in the pond, is not influenced by the climate environment, has the advantages of easiness in operation, low cost, water conservation, ecology, high unit area production and the like, and realizes safe and controllable quality of aquatic products.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an industrial external circulating water ecological breeding method for the odontobutis obscura adopts an industrial external circulating water ecological breeding system to breed; the industrial external circulating water ecological breeding system comprises a breeding workshop and a water treatment system, wherein the water treatment system consists of an ecological sewage collection treatment tank, a biological filter tank, a microorganism enrichment tank and a water pump; the method selects oxyeleotris marmoratus and hybrid oxyeleotris marmoratus, the stocking specification is 25-60 g, and the stocking density is 50-80 tails/m2Feeding the fish with the feed and the artificial mixed feed, and controlling the water temperature in a breeding workshop to be 18-32 ℃.
Further, the ratio of the water volumes of the cultivation workshop and the water treatment system is not more than 1: 3.
furthermore, the cultivation workshop is provided with a temperature control facility and a water inlet and outlet facility, and the water outlet is slightly higher than the highest water level of the water treatment system.
Further, the breeding workshop is a breeding pond which is provided with a circular glass jar with the radius of 2-3 m or is formed by transforming a traditional seedling cement pond and is convenient to water inlet and discharge, and the area of the breeding workshop is 12-27 m2The height is 1-1.2 m, and the water depth is kept 0.65-0.8 m in the culture process.
Further, the ecological sewage collecting treatment tank, the biological filtration tank and the microorganism enrichment tank are all ordinary soil tanks, the areas are 0.8-1.2 mu according to the workshop construction, the water depth is 1.4-1.6 m, the nano air pipes are installed at the bottom of the tanks for inflating, a simple greenhouse is built in winter, and the water temperature is kept to be higher than 18 ℃.
Furthermore, the ecological sewage collecting treatment pond is a first-level water quality ecological treatment pond, and dace is bred at a breeding density of 80-120 thousands of dace/mu by directly feeding excrement and residual baits discharged from a breeding workshop.
And furthermore, the biological filter tank is a secondary water quality ecological treatment tank, nutrition salt is absorbed by planting the water lettuce, plankton is controlled by stocking silver carps, excessive propagation of the water lettuce is controlled by stocking grass carps, and water quality is further purified, wherein the area of the water lettuce occupies 1/2-2/3 of the water surface, the stocking density of the silver carps is 80-100 fish/mu, and the stocking density of the grass carps is 50-80 fish/mu.
Furthermore, the microorganism enrichment pool is a final-stage water quality ecological treatment pool, a plurality of pieces of 'T' -shaped mesh cloths are hung in the pool and used as attachments of beneficial microorganisms, and spore bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria are sprinkled every week and used as the beneficial microorganisms.
Furthermore, the drained water of the aquaculture workshop automatically flows into an ecological sewage collection treatment tank through a pipeline, flows into a biological filtration tank through a communicated PVC pipeline after dace feeding treatment and sedimentation, enters a microorganism enrichment tank through a PVC pipeline after being treated by water lettuce and silver carp, is delivered into the aquaculture workshop through a water pump after being treated by aeration and beneficial microorganisms, and circulates for more than 4 times every day by a water treatment system.
Further, during the operation of the water treatment system, in the ecological sewage collection treatment tank, after larger-specification dace is collected each time, smaller-specification dace is supplemented in time; when the transitional propagation of the water lettuce in the biological filter tank exceeds 2/3 water level, the redundant parts are removed in time; splashing spore bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria in the microorganism enrichment pool every week to serve as beneficial microorganisms, and putting 60-80 scavenges in each mu to clean when the bacterial bed on the mesh is too thick; the water treatment system replenishes deep well fresh water accounting for about 2% of the total water volume each day.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. simple equipment, low operation cost and strong operability.
The water treatment recycling technology is one of the core technologies of industrial fish culture. At present, water treatment modes adopted in industrial fish culture at home and abroad mostly belong to equipment types, and the industrial fish culture has the problems of high manufacturing cost, high energy consumption and the like due to the massive use of forming equipment, so that the method is difficult to apply and popularize. The invention scientifically matches the cultivation workshop with the common pond, has the characteristics of simple equipment, low operation cost, strong operability and obvious ecotype, is suitable for the national conditions of China and is one of the important directions for the development of industrial cultivation in future.
2. The external circulating water system has outstanding ecological characteristics and obvious water-saving, ecological and culture effects.
The water treatment system takes the outer pond as a water treatment core link, and culture excrement and residual bait are ingeniously removed and harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like are absorbed and converted by means of stocking ecological fish, planting water plants, arranging a bacterial bed and the like, so that the effects of efficiently purifying water quality and recycling are achieved, and the culture variety can reach the fastest production speed in the best environment. The practical results show that the method for industrially and externally circulating water ecological breeding of the odontobutis obscura is used as a new way for realizing the quality safety of aquatic products, and the artificial control or the automatic control is carried out on various factors or links such as bait, sewage treatment, water quality and the like in the production process at 1m3The water body can be used for cultivating and producing over 50kg of commercial fish, the cultivation survival rate is over 90 percent, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is greatly reduced, and the effective control on the product quality safety is realized.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples:
the method for industrially and ecologically breeding the odontobutis obscura by using the external circulating water comprises the following steps:
1. composition of the System
Adopt the ecological farming systems of factory external circulating water to breed, this system includes workshop and water treatment system, and for reaching good application effect, the ratio of the water volume of workshop and water treatment system is not more than 1: 3.
(1) breeding workshop
The cultivation workshop is provided with a temperature control facility, ventilation is carried out in summer, heat preservation or heating is carried out in winter, the temperature of water is controlled to be 18-32 ℃, the cultivation workshop is provided with a water inlet and drainage facility, the terrain is required to be high, and a water outlet is slightly higher than the highest water level of a water treatment system; the breeding workshop can be a circular glass jar with the radius of 2-3 m, and a traditional seedling cement pond can be slightly transformed into a breeding pond with convenient water feeding and draining, and the area of the breeding workshop is 12-27 m2Preferably, the height is 1-1.2 m, and the water depth is generally kept 0.65-0.8 m in the culture process.
(2) Water treatment system constitution
The water treatment system mainly comprises an ecological sewage collecting treatment tank, a biological filter tank, a microorganism enrichment tank, a water pump and the like. The three ponds are all common soil ponds and are built according to places, the areas of the three ponds are 0.8-1.2 mu, the water depth is 1.4-1.6 m, the nano air pipes are arranged at the bottom of the ponds for air inflation, a simple greenhouse needs to be built in winter, and the water temperature is kept above 18 ℃. The ecological sewage collecting treatment tank is a primary water quality ecological treatment tank, dace is bred, excrement, residual bait and the like discharged from a breeding workshop are directly ingested, and the breeding density of the dace is 80-120 dace/mu; the biological filter tank is a secondary water quality ecological treatment tank, water quality is further purified through measures of planting water lettuce to absorb nutrient salt, stocking silver carps to control plankton, stocking grass carps to control excessive breeding of the water lettuce and the like, the area of the water lettuce accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the water surface, the stocking density of the silver carps is 80-100 fish/mu, and the stocking density of the grass carps is 50-80 fish/mu; the microorganism enrichment pool is a final-stage water quality ecological treatment pool, a plurality of 'T' -shaped meshes are hung in the pool and used as attachments of beneficial microorganisms, and a proper amount of beneficial microorganisms such as spore bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and the like are sprinkled every week.
2. Water treatment system operation
(1) Water flow
The discharged water of the breeding workshop automatically flows into the ecological sewage collecting treatment tank through a pipeline, flows into the biological filter tank through a communicated PVC pipeline after being subjected to feeding treatment and precipitation of dace, automatically enters the microorganism enrichment tank through the PVC pipeline after being treated by water lettuce, silver carp and the like, and is sent into the breeding workshop through a water pump after being subjected to aeration and beneficial microorganism treatment, so that the continuous operation of purification treatment and closed internal and external circulation is realized. The water treatment system has a water circulation treatment capacity of more than 2000 tons per day, and water is circulated for more than 4 times per day.
(2) Operation management
During the operation of the water treatment system, in the ecological sewage collection treatment tank, a proper amount of dace with smaller specification is supplemented in time after the dace with larger specification is collected each time according to the requirement; when the transitional propagation of the water lettuce in the biological filter tank exceeds 2/3 water level, the redundant part needs to be removed in time; and (3) splashing a proper amount of beneficial microorganisms such as spore bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria every week in the microorganism enrichment pool, and putting 60-80 scad per mu for cleaning when the bacterial bed on the mesh is too thick so as to keep a proper amount of beneficial microorganisms. The water treatment system replenishes about 2% of the total water volume of the deep well fresh water each day.
3. Breeding management
The breeding varieties are marbled sand gobies and hybrid marbled sand gobies, the stocking specification is 25-60 g, and the stocking density is 50-80 tails/m2And feeding dace and artificial compound feed.
The cultivation conditions were as described above, except that the cultivation conditions in examples 1 to 2 were specifically described.
Example 1
2 groups of cultivation workshops, 16 cement ponds with 4m by 4m, 16 cement ponds with 5m by 5m and total cultivation area 656m2The depth of the pond water is kept at 0.70m, and the total aquaculture water body is 459m3. Each pool is provided with water feeding and discharging and oxygen increasing facilities, and micro-flowing water is kept. The water temperature of the culture water is 31.5 ℃ at most and 19.8 ℃ at least, and the annual average water temperature is 26.7 ℃. The breeding varieties are marbled sand gobies and hybrid marbled sand gobies, the stocking average specification is 13.5cm and 39g, and the average stocking density is 65 tails/m242640 tails of the plants are stocked in 1 year. The feed adopts bait fishes such as dace and the like and artificial compound feed, and no medicine is applied during the culture period. The culture survival rate is 92.3 percent, the average specification is 590 g/tail, and the total culture yield is 23220 Kg. The average culture yield per square is 35.4kg, and the culture yield per cubic water body is 50.5 kg.
Example 2
The ratio of the water volumes of the aquaculture plant and the water treatment system is about 1: 2. the cultivation workshop is 10 circular glass jars with radius of 3m and 10 cement ponds with 4m by 4m, the height is 1.2m, and the depth of the pond water is kept at 0.80 m. Each pool is provided with water feeding and discharging and oxygen increasing facilities, and micro-flowing water is kept. The ecological sewage collecting treatment tank, the biological filter tank and the microorganism enrichment tank are built in the workshop, the area is 1.0 mu, and the water depth is 1.5 m. The water temperature of the culture water is 31.2 ℃ at most and 19.5 ℃ at least, and the average annual water temperature is 26.1 ℃. The breeding varieties are marbled sand gobies and hybrid marbled sand gobies, the stocking average specification is 13.8cm and 42g, and the average stocking density is 59 tails/m2. The feed adopts bait fish such as dace and artificial compound feed, and is not applied during the culture periodAny medication is used. The survival rate of the culture is 93.5 percent, and the average specification is 602 g/tail. The average culture yield per square is 36.2kg, and the culture yield per cubic water body is 51.3 kg.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. An industrial external circulating water ecological breeding method for the odontobutis obscurus is characterized in that an industrial external circulating water ecological breeding system is adopted for breeding; the industrial external circulating water ecological breeding system comprises a breeding workshop and a water treatment system, wherein the water treatment system consists of an ecological sewage collection treatment tank, a biological filter tank, a microorganism enrichment tank and a water pump; the method selects oxyeleotris marmoratus and hybrid oxyeleotris marmoratus, the stocking specification is 25-60 g, and the stocking density is 50-80 tails/m2Feeding fish with feed and artificial mixed feed, and controlling the water temperature in a breeding workshop to be 18-32 ℃;
the cultivation workshop comprises a plurality of single cultivation workshops, each single cultivation workshop is a cultivation pond which is formed by circular glass jars with the radius of 2-3 m or is formed by transformation of a traditional seedling cement pond and is convenient to water inflow and drainage, and the area of each single cultivation workshop is 12-27 m2The height is 1-1.2 m, and the water depth is kept 0.65-0.8 m in the culture process;
the ratio of the water volumes of the cultivation workshop and the water treatment system is not more than 1: 3;
the discharged water of the breeding workshop automatically flows into an ecological sewage collecting treatment tank through a pipeline, flows into a biological filtering tank through a communicated PVC pipeline after being subjected to feeding treatment and precipitation of dace, enters a microorganism enrichment tank through a PVC pipeline after being treated by water lettuce and chub, is sent into the breeding workshop through a water pump after being subjected to aeration and beneficial microorganism treatment, and circulates for more than 4 times every day by a water treatment system;
the ecological sewage collecting treatment tank is a primary water quality ecological treatment tank, and dace is bred at a breeding density of 80-120 dace/mu by directly feeding the dace to excrement and residual bait discharged from a breeding workshop;
the biological filter tank is a secondary water quality ecological treatment tank, nutrient salt is absorbed by planting water lettuce, plankton is controlled by stocking chubs, excessive propagation of the water lettuce is controlled by stocking grass carps, the water quality is further purified, the area of the water lettuce accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the water surface, the stocking density of the chubs is 80-100 fish/mu, and the stocking density of the grass carps is 50-80 fish/mu;
the microorganism enrichment pool is a final-stage water quality ecological treatment pool, a plurality of pieces of 'T' -shaped mesh cloths are hung in the pool and used as attachments of beneficial microorganisms, and spore bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria are sprinkled every week and used as the beneficial microorganisms.
2. The aquaculture method of claim 1 wherein said aquaculture plant has temperature control means and water inlet and outlet means, the water outlet means being located slightly above the maximum water level of the water treatment system.
3. The culture method according to claim 1, wherein the ecological sewage collecting treatment tank, the biological filtration tank and the microorganism enrichment tank are all ordinary soil tanks, are built according to a workshop, have the area of 0.8-1.2 mu and the water depth of 1.4-1.6 m, are inflated by installing nano air pipes at the bottom of the tanks, and build a simple greenhouse in winter to keep the water temperature above 18 ℃.
4. The aquaculture method according to claim 1, wherein during operation of the water treatment system, the smaller-sized dace is supplemented each time after the larger-sized dace is collected in the ecological sewage collection treatment pond; when the excessive propagation of the water lettuce in the biological filter tank exceeds 2/3 water level, the redundant parts are removed in time; splashing spore bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria in the microorganism enrichment pool every week to serve as beneficial microorganisms, and putting 60-80 scavenges in each mu to clean when the bacterial bed on the mesh is too thick; the water treatment system replenishes deep well fresh water accounting for about 2% of the total water volume each day.
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| CN108719142A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-11-02 | 西双版纳信福多水产科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Oxyeleotris marmoratus |
| CN111066699A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-04-28 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Industrial recirculating aquaculture method for micropterus salmoides |
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| CN1806537A (en) * | 2006-01-25 | 2006-07-26 | 兰泽桥 | Ecological energy-saving level dual-cycle water treatment system for industrialized fish culture |
| CN105325327A (en) * | 2014-08-17 | 2016-02-17 | 程媛 | High-yield culture method for marbled sand goby |
| CN105417856A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-23 | 天津农学院 | Closed-recirculation multistage biological purification system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1806537A (en) * | 2006-01-25 | 2006-07-26 | 兰泽桥 | Ecological energy-saving level dual-cycle water treatment system for industrialized fish culture |
| CN105325327A (en) * | 2014-08-17 | 2016-02-17 | 程媛 | High-yield culture method for marbled sand goby |
| CN105417856A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-23 | 天津农学院 | Closed-recirculation multistage biological purification system |
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| 云斑尖塘鳢工厂化循环水育苗技术研究;潘淦 等;《广东农业科学》;20121130(第22期);第145-147页 * |
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