CN106609349A - 一种轴承钢的表面强化处理技术 - Google Patents

一种轴承钢的表面强化处理技术 Download PDF

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CN106609349A
CN106609349A CN201611213306.0A CN201611213306A CN106609349A CN 106609349 A CN106609349 A CN 106609349A CN 201611213306 A CN201611213306 A CN 201611213306A CN 106609349 A CN106609349 A CN 106609349A
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bearing steel
powder
steel surface
coating
steel
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CN106609349B (zh
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孙振田
马飞
孙金全
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China National Academy Of Machinery Group Qingdao Branch Co ltd
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Qingdao Branch Of China Academy Of Machinery Science And Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种轴承钢的表面强化处理技术，通过设计与轴承钢表面相同组分的涂层基体材料，并添加碳化钨材料，先采用雾化法制备和具有与轴承钢表面相同组分基体的金属‑陶瓷复合材料，随后对轴承钢表面采用等离子喷涂，在喷涂过程中，涂层再次融化形成包裹碳化钨的微小液滴，并高速喷射到轴承钢表面后凝固，形成结合稳定牢固的涂层表面。

Description

一种轴承钢的表面强化处理技术
技术领域
本发明属于材料表面加工领域，尤其是涉及一种轴承钢的表面强化处理技术。
背景技术
在机械设备领域，轴承是被广泛应用的基础零部件，轴承主要用于支撑轴进行旋转，降低旋转过程中的摩擦，并且保证精度，轴承可以分为滑动轴承和滚动轴承，一般包括外圈、内圈、滚动体和保持架，多数的轴承的工作条件比较恶劣，轴承内部受到较大的冲击负荷，要求轴承心部具有一定的韧性和足够的强度和硬度。同时，最关键的是，要求轴承不仅要具有优良的表面耐磨性，同时还要具有高的抗滚动接触疲劳性能。同时因此除要求表面具有高耐磨性。
传统所使用的轴承钢为经过二次淬火和回火处理后获得马氏体组织的高铬钢，同时经过渗碳和渗氮处理提高了表面硬度，上述钢一般能满足基本需求，但在某些场合，比如高温环境下的军用发射架，不仅要求轴承具有高的硬度和抗疲劳性能，而且需要其具有良好的耐高温能力，但现有的轴承钢往往无法满足这一要求。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种轴承钢的表面强化处理技术，采用等离子的方式在渗氮后的轴承钢表面增加金属-陶瓷复合涂层，提高其表面硬度和耐磨性的同时，也提高了其抗高温能力。
本发明完整的技术方案包括：
一种轴承钢的表面强化处理技术，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)选择轴承钢进行渗氮处理，使其表面氮含量达到0.2％-0.4％；
2)涂层粉制备：选择与轴承钢表面相同组分的马氏体钢，加入WC粉，置于高压气雾化制粉装置的坩埚中，WC粉占马氏体钢总重量的12-15％，在真空度为10-4-10-5Pa下，进行真空感应熔炼，加热到其熔点100-150℃以上保温5-10min，此过程伴随电磁搅拌以使得WC粉在熔体中混合均匀，随后熔体进入雾化室，对金属液的出口处雾化喷嘴喷出高压氩气，高压氩气对金属液滴进行碰撞，使其破碎成球形粉末，高压氩气压力为4-6Mpa，随后经旋流沉降进入收料管，并进行筛分后得到钢-碳化钨复合粉料；
3)对轴承钢表面用涂层粉进行等离子喷涂，得到带有涂层的轴承钢。
本发明相对于现有技术的优点在于：碳化钨陶瓷材料具有极高的熔点和耐高温能力，同时其自身又具有极高的硬度，作为涂层材料可以使轴承钢兼具耐磨性和耐高温能力，但金属-陶瓷界面难以复合易导致涂层结合力不强，一直是困扰工程人员的难题，本发明通过设计与轴承钢表面相同组分的涂层基体材料，并添加碳化钨材料，先采用雾化法制备和具有与轴承钢表面相同组分基体的金属-陶瓷复合材料，随后对轴承钢表面采用等离子喷涂，在喷涂过程中，涂层再次融化形成包裹碳化钨的微小液滴，并高速喷射到轴承钢表面后凝固，形成结合稳定牢固的涂层表面。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
一种轴承钢的表面强化处理技术，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)选择轴承钢的化学成分质量百分比为：C：0.32～0.58％，Si：1.05～1.35％，Mn：0.40～0.82％，Cr：7.60～9.23％，Ni：2.10～2.50％，Mo：0.35～0.75％，N：0.10～0.20％，S≦0.005，P≦0.010，其余为Fe。
2)对所述的轴承钢进行高温低浓度+低温低浓度+低温高浓度渗氮+缓冷的多段渗氮处理，使其表面氮含量达到0.2％-0.4％。
3)涂层粉制备，选择与轴承钢表面相同组分的马氏体钢，以及粒度为200-240目的WC粉，置于高压气雾化制粉装置的坩埚中，WC粉占马氏体钢总重量的12-15％，在真空度为10-4-10-5Pa下，进行真空感应熔炼，加热到其熔点100-150℃以上保温5-10min，此过程伴随电磁搅拌以使得WC粉在熔体中混合均匀，随后熔体进入雾化室，对金属液的出口处雾化喷嘴喷出高压氩气，高压氩气对金属液滴进行碰撞，使其破碎成球形粉末，高压氩气压力为4-6Mpa，随后经旋流沉降进入收料管，并进行筛分后得到钢-碳化钨复合粉料；
4)等离子喷涂，在200-300℃下预热经过渗氮处理的轴承钢，将体积比为85:15的氮气和氢气混合气体通入喷嘴和电极之间，高频火花引燃电弧，功率为150-180KW，产生等离子射流，同时将粒度为140-160目的涂层粉料通过喷嘴送入等离子射流，喷射到叶片表面形成涂层，涂层厚度为200-250μm。
其中，所述钢的渗氮工艺为：将轴承钢进行表面钝化膜处理后放入渗氮炉中，抽真空到10-3Pa通入渗氮气体，首先在550℃下，经不含有催渗剂的第一管路通入氨气，氨气的流量为800ml/min，氨气分解率为20-30％，保温6h；随后在450℃下，经第一管路通入氨气，氨气的流量为1000ml/min，氨气分解率为10-15％，保温6h；随后450℃下，经含有稀土催渗剂的第二管路通入氨气，氨气的流量为1800ml/min，氨气分解率为40-50％，
保温2h；取出轴承钢置于缓冷坑中，静置48-72h。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何限制，凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种轴承钢的表面强化处理技术，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)选择轴承钢进行渗氮处理，使其表面氮含量达到0.2％-0.4％；
2)涂层粉制备：选择与轴承钢表面相同组分的马氏体钢，加入WC粉，置于高压气雾化制粉装置的坩埚中，WC粉占马氏体钢总重量的12-15％，在真空度为10-4-10-5Pa下，进行真空感应熔炼，加热到其熔点100-150℃以上保温5-10min，此过程伴随电磁搅拌以使得WC粉在熔体中混合均匀，随后熔体进入雾化室，对金属液的出口处雾化喷嘴喷出高压氩气，高压氩气对金属液滴进行碰撞，使其破碎成球形粉末，高压氩气压力为4-6Mpa，随后经旋流沉降进入收料管，并进行筛分后得到钢-碳化钨复合粉料；
3)对轴承钢表面用涂层粉进行等离子喷涂，得到带有涂层的轴承钢。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111020462A (zh) * 2019-11-22 2020-04-17 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 可提高钨钼系高速钢表面硬度处理方法
CN111218611A (zh) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-02 斯凯孚公司 具有金属基体和合金钢涂层的轴承组件

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111218611A (zh) * 2018-11-27 2020-06-02 斯凯孚公司 具有金属基体和合金钢涂层的轴承组件
CN111020462A (zh) * 2019-11-22 2020-04-17 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 可提高钨钼系高速钢表面硬度处理方法

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