CN106602252B - 2.5D UWB Mobile Communication Radome with Mesh Square Ring Loaded Via Structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a 2.5-dimensional ultra-wideband mobile communication antenna housing with a grid square ring loaded via structure. The periodic frequency selective surface mainly comprises a plurality of same periodic unit arrays, wherein each periodic unit mainly comprises an upper dielectric layer, a lower dielectric layer, a metal patch and a metal via hole which are arranged on the dielectric layer, and an air gap layer between the two dielectric layers; the electromagnetic field in the space is incident on the radome, and after selective filtration of the upper medium layer, the air gap layer and the lower medium layer, the electromagnetic field with the required frequency band is output from the lower medium layer, so that clutter energy can be inhibited under the condition that the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave is changed. The invention is suitable for the design of the ultra-wideband mobile communication radome, has large passband bandwidth, extremely small and stable in-band insertion loss, and particularly has stable wideband performance and good frequency selection performance when the incident electromagnetic wave changes at a large angle. Has great application value in the fields of mobile communication, radar, electromagnetic shielding and the like.

Description

2.5D UWB Mobile Communication Radome with Mesh Square Ring Loaded Via Structure

technical field

The invention relates to an antenna device, in particular to a 2.5-dimensional ultra-wideband mobile communication radome with a grid square ring loaded via hole structure, which can be used for ultra-wideband (5G) mobile communication.

Background technique

At present, major communication preparation companies around the world have begun to plan ahead and actively develop 5G mobile communication networks. my country also launched the first and second phases of 5G mobile network research projects in 2013 and 2014, and incorporated them into the 12th and 13th Five-Year Plans. As the beginning of a new round of competition in the field of global mobile communications, 5G mobile networks have become the primary task of my country's information technology development.

Compared with 4G, 5G will not only further enhance the user's network experience, but also meet the application requirements of the Internet of Everything in the future. Compared with the peak rate of 4G/LTE (100Mbit/s), the peak rate of 5G is expected to reach 10Gbit/s, and according to the Shannon formula, we can know that in the case of ensuring a certain signal-to-noise ratio, to speed up the transmission rate needs to increase Passband bandwidth. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the hardware equipment of 5G practical application, especially the module of radome. For 5G communication, it is necessary to design a passband that satisfies a bandwidth greater than 2GHz, and in order not to distort the signal, it is necessary to satisfy that the insertion loss within such a bandwidth is at least less than 0.6dB. In addition, in the actual communication environment, when the designed radome needs to meet the large angle change of the incident electromagnetic wave, the selective transmittance of such a broadband can still meet the target, which is undoubtedly a new challenge.

The existing radome implementation generally adopts a periodic frequency selective surface structure. The common single-layer or double-layer metal frequency selective surface structure can realize narrow-band spatial filtering, or wide-band spatial filtering with poor selectivity. The poor selectivity here means that the insertion loss in the passband is not stable, the insertion loss in the passband is large, and the transition from the passband to the stopband is slow, and the suppression performance of the stopband cannot be guaranteed. In addition, in order to ensure the angular stability of the radome, more researchers aim to design a more miniaturized radome, and most of their research points focus on complicating the twists and turns of the structural design, thereby introducing discrete capacitance and inductance. However, with the rise of the 5G operating frequency band, the periodic structure corresponding to the radome becomes very small, so the space that can be used for zigzag design becomes very limited, so the limitations of similar methods arise spontaneously.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at how to improve the pass-band characteristics, stop-band characteristics, and frequency selectivity of the radome, especially the stability performance when the electromagnetic wave is incident at a large angle, so as to meet the hardware index requirements of 5G mobile communication, the present invention proposes a grid square ring A 2.5-dimensional ultra-wideband mobile communication radome loaded with a via structure.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems:

1. A 2.5-dimensional ultra-wideband mobile communication radome with grid square ring loaded via structure:

The radome is a periodic frequency selective surface mainly composed of a plurality of identical periodic unit arrays, and each periodic unit is mainly composed of upper and lower dielectric layers, metal patches and metal vias arranged on the dielectric layer, and two dielectric layers The air gap layer between the layers is composed of; the electromagnetic field in the space is incident on the radome, and after the selective filtering of the upper dielectric layer, the air gap layer and the lower dielectric layer in turn, the electromagnetic field of the required frequency band is output from the lower dielectric layer, And it can suppress the energy of clutter when the incident angle of electromagnetic waves changes.

The number of periodic unit structures in the present invention can be selected from 20×20 to 40×40 according to actual usage.

The periodic unit includes an upper metal patch, an upper dielectric plate, an air gap layer, a lower dielectric plate and a lower metal patch, a gap as an air gap layer is arranged between the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate, and the upper metal patch It is pasted on the upper surface of the upper dielectric board, and the lower metal patch is pasted on the lower surface of the lower dielectric board. The upper metal patch and the lower metal patch have the same structural size, and the upper dielectric board and the lower dielectric board are respectively opened with an upper layer that runs through the upper and lower surfaces of the board. Metal vias and lower metal vias; the electromagnetic field in the space is incident from above the upper dielectric board, and the radome passes through the upper metal patch, the upper metal via, the air gap layer, the lower metal via and the lower metal patch in sequence After selective filtering, the electromagnetic field in the required frequency band is output from the lower metal patch, which can suppress the energy of clutter with a large bandwidth within a large range of incident angle changes.

The upper layer metal patch includes a square ring and is respectively arranged on the upper layer metal patch inner square ring and upper layer metal patch outer ring inside and outside the upper surface center of the upper layer dielectric plate, the upper layer metal patch outer ring and the upper layer dielectric plate The length of the outer side is the side length of the periodic unit, the inner square ring of the upper layer metal patch and the outer square ring of the upper layer metal patch are concentrically arranged; the lower layer metal patch includes a square ring and is respectively arranged in the lower layer inside and outside the center of the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate The inner square ring of the metal patch and the outer ring of the lower metal patch, the outer ring of the lower metal patch and the outer side length of the lower dielectric plate are the side lengths of the periodic unit, the inner square ring of the lower metal patch and the outer side of the lower metal patch The rings are arranged concentrically.

The layout and size of the upper metal vias and the lower metal vias are the same, that is, the distribution of the lower metal vias is symmetrical to that of the upper metal vias in the Z direction and has the same size.

The upper metal vias include four inner metal vias arranged at the four corners of the inner square ring of the upper metal patch and eight outer metal vias respectively arranged at the four corners of the outer ring of the upper metal patch. Two pairs of vias form four pairs. The four pairs of outer metal vias are located near the four corners of the outer ring of the upper metal patch, and each pair of outer metal vias is located at two corners of the inner ring corner of the corresponding upper metal patch. on the extension line of the edge.

The lower metal vias include four inner metal vias arranged at the four corners of the inner square ring of the lower metal patch and eight outer metal vias respectively arranged at the four corners of the outer ring of the lower metal patch. Two pairs of via holes form four pairs. The four pairs of outer metal vias are located near the four corners of the outer ring of the lower metal patch, and each pair of outer metal vias is located at two corners of the inner ring corner of the corresponding lower metal patch. on the extension line of the edge.

Preferably, the specific dielectric constant of the upper dielectric plate and the lower dielectric plate is 2.2, and the dielectric loss tangent is 0.0009. The loss is relatively small compared to other media.

The metal vias arranged on the upper and lower surfaces along the normal direction of the dielectric plate (Z coordinate direction) will increase the effective inductance and capacitance of the metal patch. The size of the period unit is greatly reduced by the via hole, so that the incident electromagnetic wave can be varied within a 60° angle range along the normal direction of the dielectric plate, and the radome still maintains the selective permeability of the bandwidth.

2. The application of the 2.5-dimensional ultra-broadband mobile communication radome with grid square ring loaded via structure of the present invention in 5G mobile communication.

Through the ingenious insertion of metal via holes in the Z coordinate direction, combined with the square ring metal patch structure of the grid, the present invention has high and stable selective permeability for electromagnetic waves in the space, and the incident electromagnetic waves are between -60° to +60° When the angle changes greatly, the radome still maintains the selective permeability of the bandwidth.

In the case of normal incidence of space electromagnetic waves, the present invention achieves an insertion loss of less than 0.6dB in the wide passband range of 26.9GHz to 29.5GHz. Stopband rejection exceeds 20dB. And the drop speed from the passband to the stopband is very fast, with good frequency selectivity. Finally, it can be widely used in 5G mobile communication.

The radome structure of the present invention is suitable for processing and realizing by traditional PCB technology.

The beneficial effects that the present invention has are:

The two-layer cascading method of the outer square ring combined with metal vias designed by the present invention provides the radome with a passband with a very small insertion loss and a large bandwidth. In the band range, the insertion loss is less than 0.6dB; in the passband range of 26.0GHz to 30.0GHz, the insertion loss is extremely small, less than 3dB, especially when the incident electromagnetic wave changes at a large angle, the broadband performance is stable and the frequency selection performance is good. .

The two-layer cascading method of the inner square ring combined with metal vias designed by the present invention provides a stop band with large out-of-band suppression and a wide range for the radome. In the case of normal incidence of electromagnetic waves, the stop band suppression is greater than 20dB within the stop band range of 30.5GHz to 43.0GHz.

The highly symmetrical structure designed by the invention enables the radome to simultaneously support two polarization modes of TE and TM electromagnetic waves.

In the present invention, since a plurality of metal via holes are added in the dimension of the Z direction, the size of the radome unit becomes miniaturized, so the performance is still very stable in the large angle variation range of the incident electromagnetic wave of plus or minus 60 degrees.

The invention has important application value in the fields of ultra-wideband mobile communication, radar and electromagnetic shielding.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the radome in the present invention (in the figure, only 4×4 units are used for illustration, not limited thereto).

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the periodic unit structure in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a front view of the periodic unit structure in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of one layer of the periodic unit structure in the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a top view of the periodic unit structure in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a graph showing the influence of different incident angles of electromagnetic waves on the performance of the radome in the present invention in TM mode.

Fig. 7 is a graph showing the effect of different incident angles on the performance of the radome in the present invention under the TE mode of electromagnetic waves.

In the figure: 1. The outer ring of the upper metal patch, 2. The inner ring of the upper metal patch, 3. The upper metal via hole, 4. The upper dielectric board, 5. The air gap layer, 6. The lower dielectric board, 7. The lower metal via hole, 8, the inner square ring of the lower metal patch, and 9, the outer ring of the lower metal patch.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 1, the radome implemented is a periodic frequency selective surface mainly composed of a plurality of identical periodic element arrays.

As shown in Figure 2, the periodic unit includes upper metal patches 1, 2, upper dielectric plate 4, air gap layer 5, lower dielectric plate 6 and lower metal patches 8, 9, the upper dielectric plate 4 and the lower dielectric plate 6 There is a gap as an air gap layer 5 between them. The upper metal patches 1 and 2 are attached to the upper surface of the upper dielectric board 4, and the lower metal patches 8 and 9 are attached to the lower surface of the lower dielectric board 6. The upper metal patches and the lower metal The size of the patch structure is the same, and the upper dielectric plate 4 and the lower dielectric plate 6 are respectively opened with an upper metal via hole 3 and a lower metal via hole 7 penetrating the upper and lower surfaces of the board; the electromagnetic field in the space is incident from above the upper dielectric plate 4, and the The radome, after the selective filtering of the upper metal patches 1 and 2, the upper metal vias 3, the air gap layer 5, the lower metal vias 7, and the lower metal patches 8 and 9 in sequence, from the lower metal patches 8, 9 Output the electromagnetic field in the required frequency band, which can suppress the energy of clutter with a large bandwidth within the range of large incident angle changes.

As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, for the patch arrangement, the upper metal patch 1, 2 includes a square ring and is arranged on the inner square ring 2 of the upper layer metal patch inside and outside the center of the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 4 and the upper metal patch The outer ring 1, the outer ring 1 of the upper metal patch and the outer side length of the upper dielectric plate 4 are all the side lengths of the periodic unit, and the inner square ring 2 of the upper metal patch and the outer ring 1 of the upper metal patch are arranged concentrically. The lower metal patch 8, 9 includes a square ring and is respectively arranged inside and outside the center of the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 6. The lower metal patch inner square ring 8 and the lower layer metal patch outer ring 9, the lower layer metal patch outer ring 9 and The outer side length of the lower dielectric plate 6 is the side length of the periodic unit, and the inner square ring 8 of the lower metal patch and the outer square ring 9 of the lower metal patch are arranged concentrically. The inner square ring 2 of the upper metal patch and the inner square ring 8 of the lower metal patch are respectively located in the larger outer ring 1 of the upper metal patch and the outer ring 9 of the lower metal patch.

As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5, for the arrangement of vias, the layout structure and size of the upper metal vias 3 and the lower metal vias 7 are the same, that is, the distribution of the lower metal vias 7 is in the same direction as the upper metal vias 7 in the Z direction. The vias are symmetrically distributed and of the same size. The upper metal vias 3 include four inner metal vias arranged at the four corners of the inner square ring 2 of the upper metal patch and eight outer metal vias respectively arranged at the four corners of the outer ring 1 of the upper metal patch. Two pairs of vias form four pairs. The four pairs of outer metal vias are respectively located near the four corners of the outer ring 1 of the upper metal patch, and each pair of outer metal vias is located at the corresponding corners of the inner ring 2 of the upper metal patch. On the extension line of the two sides of , the eight outer metal vias of the four pairs of outer metal vias are symmetrically arranged centrally in a regular manner. The lower metal vias 7 include four inner metal vias arranged at the four corners of the inner square ring 8 of the lower metal patch and eight outer metal vias respectively arranged at the four corners of the outer ring 9 of the lower metal patch. Two pairs of vias form four pairs, and the four pairs of outer metal vias are located near the four corners of the outer ring 9 of the lower metal patch, and each pair of outer metal vias is located at the 8 corners of the inner ring of the corresponding lower metal patch. On the extension line of the two sides of , the eight outer metal vias of the four pairs of outer metal vias are symmetrically arranged centrally in a regular manner.

The working design principle of the whole radome of the present invention is as follows:

(a) The outer ring of the metal patch in one periodic unit on the substrate is directly connected to the outer ring of the metal patch in the adjacent next periodic unit, so it is equivalent to an inductor.

(b) The inner square ring of the metal patch itself is regarded as an inductance, and the gap between the inner and outer square rings of the metal is equivalent to a capacitor, so it is a series resonance as a whole, providing a transmission zero point (a point on the stop band ). After this series LC circuit is connected in parallel with the inductance equivalent to the outer ring metal, a transmission pole (a point on the passband) is provided.

(c) In order to make the radome more stable for the angle, a via hole in the Z coordinate direction is introduced. The via itself is equivalent to an inductance, and the gap between the vias under the outer ring and the vias under the inner ring can be equivalent to a capacitance. Therefore, the inductance and capacitance in the LC resonance are effectively increased, so that the resonance frequency is reduced. In other words, due to the reduction of the resonance frequency, the periodic structure is designed to be more miniaturized to offset the electrical characteristics introduced by the via hole, and the miniaturized structure will become less sensitive to the angle change of the incident electromagnetic wave.

(d) After the cascading of the upper and lower layers, the narrowband characteristics of the original single layer become broadband characteristics. In order to better match the two layers and prevent the metal vias between the upper and lower layers from interacting with each other, an air isolation layer is designed between the two layers. In this way, the clutter can be suppressed with a large bandwidth within a large incident angle variation range.

In the embodiment of the present invention, taking the radome working in the 5G mobile communication frequency band as an example, the implementation of each part and the impact of the structural parameters of each part on the whole are explained in detail:

5G mobile communication is now most likely to be adopted internationally in the frequency band of 27.5GHz to 29.5GHz, covering a bandwidth of 2GHz. Compared with previous communication methods such as 4G, the bandwidth has increased significantly. While satisfying broadband, it is also necessary to make the antenna system work stably in a complex environment, that is, to select electromagnetic waves incident from various angles. This is a challenge that communication systems have never faced before.

For this kind of practical application, the radome made of the traditional single-layer or double-layer frequency selective surface structure has been difficult to meet the demand. However, the present invention innovatively utilizes the idea of increasing the effective electrical length through via holes, reduces the size of the periodic unit, and only needs to cascade two-layer structures to meet the bandwidth requirements, and the in-band insertion loss is small, and the out-of-band suppression is large. And the passband has a steep characteristic towards the stopband. Performance is very stable over a range of 60 degrees along the normal incidence angle.

Embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the embodiment adopts 20×20 identical periodic units, and the upper outer ring-shaped metal patch 1 and the lower outer ring-shaped metal patch 9 of each periodic unit structure have an outer side length of 2.27 mm, a metal patch with a width of 0.20mm. From the perspective of the equivalent circuit, we can clearly analyze the influence of the side length and width of the outer ring on the overall performance of the radome.

First of all, if the width of the outer ring becomes larger, it means that the gap between the outer ring and the inner ring is reduced, that is, the series capacitance that produces the stop band becomes larger, according to the series resonance frequency equal to To analyze, then the center frequency of the stop band of the radome will move to a lower place. For the passband, since the influence of the series capacitance is greater than that of the inductance, the center frequency of the passband of the radome will also move to a lower position like the stopband, and the width of the passband will be reduced.

Secondly, in the case of a certain width, the larger side length of the outer ring is equivalent to reducing the equivalent inductance of the outer ring, so the effect on the performance of the radome is just opposite to that of the larger width. At this time, the center frequency of the passband and the stopband will move to a higher place, and the width of the passband will increase accordingly. Table 1 specifically elaborates the influence of the side length and width of the outer square ring metal patch on the performance.

Table 1 The influence of the side length and width of the outer square ring metal patch on the performance

Note: Passband center frequency = (transmission pole 1 + transmission pole 2)/2;

Stop band center frequency = (transmission zero 1 + transmission zero 2)/2.

The upper dielectric plate 4 and the lower dielectric plate 6 use Rogers RT5880 plates with a periodic unit thickness of 0.38mm and a square side length of 2.27mm. The reason for choosing this medium is that its material loss is small, which can reduce the material itself to a certain extent. The effect of passband insertion loss. Considering the cost of large-scale use, other low-cost materials with relatively small material loss and similar dielectric constants can also be selected. The influence of the period length of the array on the overall performance of the structure is the same as that of the side length of the outer ring, and the change trend is shown in Table 1.

The inner square metal patch 2 on the upper layer and the outer annular metal patch 8 on the lower layer of each periodic unit structure are metal patches with a side length of 1.32 mm and a width of 0.02 mm. Also from the perspective of equivalent circuit, the increase of the side length of the inner ring will make the distance between the metal of the inner ring and the metal of the outer ring smaller, which means that the equivalent capacitance from the gap between the two will increase, so that The series resonance frequency is shifted lower. In terms of performance, it reflects that the center frequency of the passband and stopband moves to a lower place, and the bandwidth of the passband becomes smaller. Secondly, in the case of a certain side length, only increasing the width of the inner square ring is equivalent to making the gap between the inner and outer square rings the same, only changing the equivalent inductance of the inner square ring, and the larger the width, the smaller the equivalent inductance. Therefore, the operating frequency of the radome will move to a higher place, and the passband width will increase accordingly. Table 2 specifically illustrates the influence of the side length and width of the inner square ring metal patch on the performance.

Table 2 Influence of side length and width of inner square ring metal patch on performance

In addition, the core innovation of this structural design is the insertion of multiple metal vias with one end connected to the metal square ring. In principle, it increases the effective electrical length of the square-ring resonance in the Z-direction dimension. The traditional radome design is generally only optimized in the X-Y direction. With the increase of the operating frequency, the design of the light in the X-Y direction will be very limited. On the other hand, the increase in the electrical length in the Z direction can greatly reduce the size in the X-Y direction, thereby making the size of the radome miniaturized, making its size less sensitive to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, so The broadband performance of the radome is still very stable and excellent when the incident electromagnetic wave changes in a large angle. Figure 6 and Figure 7 respectively show the transmission characteristics of the radome under two different modes of electromagnetic wave incidence, TM and TE. It can be found that when the electromagnetic waves of the two modes are incident at different angles of plus or minus 60 degrees, the broadband characteristics are still very stable. . In the frequency band where 5G works, the performance is still very good, which is difficult to see in the currently published domestic and foreign papers.

The diameter and number of via holes will have an impact on the specific performance of the radome. First of all, considering the number of vias, it is natural that the more the number of arrangements, the greater the effective electrical length of the resonance. However, considering that the entire structure itself has a relatively high operating frequency band and a small size, there is no room for too many vias to be inserted. In addition, it is better to place metal vias near the four corners of the metal square ring than near the middle of the metal square ring, because placing the metal vias near the corners is equivalent to directly connecting the via inductance to the square ring inductance. And if it is placed near the middle of the square ring, a part of the inductance effect will be connected in parallel. Therefore, in the present invention, we arrange the via holes most efficiently in the positions shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 . Regarding the influence of via hole diameter, if the via hole diameter becomes larger, the equivalent inductance of the via hole becomes smaller, but at the same time, the distance between the via hole under the inner square ring and the via hole under the outer square ring is more influential. . The increase of the diameter of the via hole means that the distance between the via holes under the inner square ring and the outer square ring is reduced, and the equivalent resonant capacitance increases rapidly, resulting in the overall shift of the resonant frequency to a lower place. Table 3 details the effect of via diameter size on performance.

Table 3 Effect of via diameter size on performance

The transmission characteristic curves of the overall structure of the embodiment are shown in Figures 6 and 7. Considering the normal incidence of electromagnetic waves, the insertion loss is less than 0.6dB in the passband range of 26.9GHz to 29.5GHz; In the passband range, the insertion loss is less than 3dB; in the stopband area, the stopband suppression is greater than 20dB in the stopband range of 30.5GHz to 43.0GHz. At the same time, it supports TE and TM polarization modes, and its performance is still very stable in the large angle range of plus or minus 60 degrees, which meets the actual 5G communication environment requirements. Therefore, it has important application value in the fields of ultra-wideband mobile communication, radar and electromagnetic shielding.

Therefore, the present invention has outstanding and remarkable technical effects, and realizes that the passband loss in the near 2.6GHz bandwidth is stably less than 0.6dB under the condition of normal incidence of electromagnetic waves, and the stopband suppression in the large bandwidth range of 12.5GHz is greater than 20dB. It supports TE and TM polarization modes at the same time, and it still shows very and excellent broadband performance within the large angle variation range of plus or minus 60 degrees of the incident electromagnetic wave.

Claims (5)

1. A 2.5-dimensional ultra-broadband mobile communication radome of grid square ring loading via structure, is characterized in that: said radome is a periodic frequency selective surface mainly composed of a plurality of identical period cell arrays, each cycle The unit is mainly composed of upper and lower dielectric layers, metal patches and metal vias arranged on the dielectric layer, and an air gap layer between the two dielectric layers; the electromagnetic field in the space is incident on the radome and passes through the upper dielectric layer in turn. After the selective filtering of the layer, the air gap layer and the lower dielectric layer, the electromagnetic field of the required frequency band is output from the lower dielectric layer, and the energy of the clutter can be suppressed when the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave changes; The periodic unit includes an upper metal patch (1, 2), an upper dielectric plate (4), an air gap layer (5), a lower dielectric plate (6) and a lower metal patch (8, 9), and the upper dielectric plate (4) and the lower dielectric plate (6) are arranged with a gap as an air gap layer (5), the upper metal patch (1, 2) is attached to the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate (4), and the lower metal patch (8 , 9) Attached to the lower surface of the lower dielectric board (6), the upper metal patch and the lower metal patch have the same structural size, and the upper dielectric board (4) and the lower dielectric board (6) are respectively opened with an upper layer that runs through the upper and lower surfaces of the board Metal vias (3) and lower layer metal vias (7); The upper layer metal patch (1, 2) includes a square ring and is arranged on the upper layer metal patch inner square ring (2) and the upper layer metal patch outer square ring (1) inside and outside the center of the upper surface of the upper layer dielectric plate (4) respectively. ), the outer side lengths of the upper layer metal patch outer ring (1) and the upper layer dielectric plate (4) are the side lengths of the periodic unit; The lower metal patch (8, 9) comprises a square ring and is respectively arranged inside and outside the center of the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate (6) and the inner square ring (8) of the lower metal patch and the outer square ring (9) of the lower metal patch. ), the outer side lengths of the lower metal patch outer ring (9) and the lower dielectric plate (6) are period unit side lengths; The arrangement structure and size of the upper layer metal vias (3) and the lower layer metal vias (7) are the same, and the upper layer metal vias (3) include the four corners of the inner square ring (2) of the upper layer metal patch respectively. Four inner metal vias and eight outer metal vias respectively arranged at the four corners of the outer ring (1) of the upper metal patch, the eight outer metal vias form four pairs with two as a pair, and four pairs of outer metal vias The holes are respectively located near the four corners of the outer ring (1) of the upper metal patch, and each pair of outer metal vias are respectively located on the extension lines of the two sides of the inner square ring (2) corners of the upper metal patch. 2. The 2.5-dimensional ultra-wideband mobile communication radome of a kind of grid square ring loading via hole structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The electromagnetic field in the space is incident from above the upper dielectric board (4), and the radome sequentially passes through the upper metal patches (1, 2), the upper metal vias (3), the air gap layer (5), and the lower metal vias After (7) and the selective filtering of the lower metal patch (8, 9), the electromagnetic field of the required frequency band is output from the lower layer metal patch (8, 9), which can suppress clutter with a large bandwidth within a large incident angle variation range energy of. 3. the 2.5-dimensional ultra-wideband mobile communication radome of a kind of grid square ring loading via hole structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described upper layer dielectric board (4) and the lower layer dielectric board (6) The dielectric constant is 2.2, and the dielectric loss tangent is 0.0009. 4. The 2.5-dimensional ultra-wideband mobile communication radome of a kind of grid square ring loading via hole structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: along the normal direction (Z coordinate direction) of the medium plate, the radome arranged on the upper and lower surfaces runs through The metal vias (3, 7) mentioned above will increase the effective inductance and capacitance of the metal patch, and the size of the periodic unit is reduced through the metal vias (3, 7) in the limited space of the periodic unit itself, so that the incident electromagnetic wave travels along the dielectric plate The radome still maintains the selective permeability of the bandwidth within the angle range of 60° of the normal direction. 5. The application of a 2.5-dimensional ultra-wideband mobile communication radome with a grid square ring loaded via structure according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the application of the radome in 5G mobile communication.