CN106596726A - Method for monitoring engineering structure crack damage by means of cross-shaped orthogonal scanning Lamb waves - Google Patents
Method for monitoring engineering structure crack damage by means of cross-shaped orthogonal scanning Lamb waves Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring engineering structure crack damage by means of cross-shaped orthogonal scanning Lamb waves. The method comprises the steps that exciting/sensing circular arrays are arranged on a to-be-monitored structure; monitoring channels are constructed, Lamb wave response signals of all the exciting/sensing channels of the structure in the current state are collected, and SDC values of all the exciting/sensing channels are calculated; the region where crack damage in a plate possibly exists is reconstructed according to the probability imaging principle, absolute values of difference values of the SDC values of all crisscross routes which are perpendicular two by two and pass through the possibly-damaged region are calculated, a group of crisscross routes with the maximum difference value absolute value are found out, the direction where the route with the small SDC value is located is determined as the crack direction, the SDC value of the route in the crack direction is corrected as 1, and a crack damage image is reconstructed according to the probability imaging principle; further calculation is conducted according to an imaging result, and then length information of the crack damage is obtained. According to the method, the crack damage direction can be reliably and stably judged, and accurate monitoring and evaluating of the crack damage are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of damage monitoring method, more particularly to a kind of to improve Lamb wave engineering structure crack monitoring and comment
Estimate method.
Background technology
With the continuous improvement to safety of structure, reliability requirement, the detection and diagnosis of structural damage increasingly cause people
Great attention, in particular for the detection of Crack Damage, for the disaster that prevents structural damage from being brought or loss, it is necessary to
Effective quick detection is carried out to structure.
Lamb wave is the elastic guided wave propagated in solid structure under free boundary condition, with the slow, propagation distance that decays
Remote the characteristics of, and it is very sensitive to the microlesion in structure, therefore, the application of Lamb wave structural health technology in recent years is
Civil engineering, ship, railway and automatic industrial field are extended to from aerospace field, are being ensured structure safety, reduced people
The aspect such as member and property loss plays an important role.The Lamb wave Probability tomography technology for originating from medical science is in recent years
Carry out a kind of novel technical method introduced in technical field, compared to traditional Lamb wave structural health technology, such as oval positioning and
Triangulation method etc., the technology can intuitively reconstruct the information such as position, size and the degree of damage, for Crack Damage
Monitoring and evaluation has shown preferable Research Prospects.Yet with the complexity that Lamb wave is propagated, there is end when running into crackle
Point effect, the conversion that Lamb wave pattern can occur at crackle end points, this direction to crackle, the assessment of length and reconstruct are split
Line lesion ribbon is come difficult.
Based on considerations above, the present inventor is to the existing structural crack damage detecting method based on Lamb wave Surface SP Tomography
Improved, thus this case produces.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention, is to provide a kind of side of cross orthogonal scanning Lamb wave engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring
Method, it can realize accurate measurements and the assessment of Crack Damage with reliable and stable the direction for differentiating Crack Damage.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, the solution of the present invention is：
A kind of method of cross orthogonal scanning Lamb wave engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring, comprises the steps：
(1) on geodesic structure is treated, according to detection zone size, one group of piezoelectric transducer composition excitation/sensing of arrangement is circular
Array；
(2) in excitation/sensor array, a piezoelectric transducer is selected as driver, and be set to Sm, remaining all pressures
Electric transducer is set to S as sensorn, set up monitoring passage, all excitation/sensing passages under collection structure current state
Lamb wave response signalWherein m, n=1,2,3 ..., and m ≠ n；
(3) the Lamb wave response signal that will be collected in step (2)As damage signal, further according in step (2)
Method health hardened structure in gather Lamb wave response signal as reference signalThen all excitation/biographies are calculated
The SDC values of sense passage：
(4) the SDC values obtained according to step (3), using Surface SP Tomography principle, Crack Damage there may be in reconstruct ejecting plate
Region；
(5) to the path by all vertical two-by-two right-angled intersection in possible damage field, its SDC value difference value is calculated
Absolute value, and one group of maximum cross-over path of absolute difference is found out, less that paths of wherein SDC values are taken, by it
Place direction determining is direction of check；
(6) crackle is judged into that the SDC values on direction are corrected to 1, Crack Damage image is reconstructed using Surface SP Tomography principle；
(7) according to imaging results, suitable threshold value is set, is further calculated the length information of Crack Damage.
In above-mentioned steps (1), using aluminium sheet structure as treating geodesic structure.
In above-mentioned steps (2), Lamb wave ultrasonic signal is loaded into by driver by function generator and power amplifier
SmOn, pumping signal is excited in the structure；Jing charge amplifiers are by SmLamb wave structural response signal sensing under excitation, amplification
And gather in feeding control computer, obtain SmLamb wave response signal under excitation
Above-mentioned Lamb wave ultrasonic signal be narrow band signal, select its suitable centre frequency with inspire single-mode or with
Lamb wave signal based on certain pattern.
The detailed step of above-mentioned steps (5) is：
(51) piezoelectric transducer S is selectedmAs driver, other piezoelectric transducers SnAs sensor, in the monitoring of composition
The All Paths by damage field are found out in passageWherein m, n=1,2,3 ..., and m ≠ n；
(52) for pathAccording to piezoelectric excitation/sensing circular array arrangement, find out perpendicular to the path and pass through
Damage field, by piezoelectric transducer SlAnd SgMonitoring pathComposition cross quadrature path pairWherein g, l=1,2,
3 ..., and g ≠ l；
(53) the orthogonal monitoring path of cross is calculatedWithSDC values difference, and take the absolute value of difference
(54) the absolute maximum of the orthogonal monitoring path SDC value difference values of all crosses is asked forWith its correspondence
The little direction of SDC values is direction of check in two monitoring paths.
The detailed content of above-mentioned steps (7) is：In to reconstructing Crack Damage image again, in the prison of the direction of check for judging
Survey on path, according to image pixel point quantity and distance computation Crack Damage length more than given threshold.
After such scheme, the present invention by scanning by excitation piezoelectric transducer and sensing piezoelectric sensor group into prison
Path is surveyed, each path through damage field is recorded, and will be perpendicular to every paths direction respectively and by damage field
Path as another line of cross Orthogonal Composite, calculate the SDC value differences of two excitation-sensory paths in the combination of each cross
Absolute value, wherein, the less path of SDC values is direction of check, larger value in the cross combinatorial path of maximum absolute value
The as vertical direction of crackle.The method can reliable and stablely differentiate the direction of Crack Damage, realize the accurate prison of Crack Damage
Survey and assess.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic layout pattern of test specimen structure and sensing/excitation array in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the waveform time domain figure of narrowband excitation signal in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is to reconstruct Crack Damage region that may be present according to traditional Surface SP Tomography algorithm；
Fig. 4 is using the Surface SP Tomography algorithm after improving, the Crack Damage image for reconstructing in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the Crack Damage reconstructed image in the embodiment of the present invention after thresholding, and most bright part represents crackle institute
Position.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, technical scheme and beneficial effect are described in detail.
The present invention realizes the monitoring of engineering structure Crack Damage using cross orthogonal scanning, and the general principle for being borrowed is：
Lamb wave can spread all over each point of structure when propagating in the structure, and it is relatively slow to decay, and propagation distance is farther out, quick to microlesion
Sense, and the Crack Damage of structure often causes the interruption of structure or discontinuous.And the general principle propagated according to Lamb wave, when
When interrupting or being discontinuous occur in propagation medium, most Lamb wave signal can be difficult to continue to propagate forward because hindered,
Even if crack width is very narrow, as long as its length is more than Lamb wave wavelength, the Lamb wave that will result on direction of advance is propagated goes out
Existing fairly obvious decay, and propagate almost injury-free impact parallel to the Lamb wave signal on Crack Damage direction.Root
The incident angle for entering crackle according to pumping signal is different, is affected also different by crackle, i.e. reference signal and damage signal
Otherness (SDC values) enters the incident angular dependence of crackle with pumping signal, and damage letter is characterized using signal difference coefficient (SDC)
Number and reference signal statistical property difference, and judge to split using the difference of the SDC values in perpendicular monitoring path two-by-two
The direction of line, pumping signal is closer to the difference of vertical angle, reference signal and damage signal into the incident angle of crackle
Property (SDC values) is bigger；Incident angle is closer to the otherness (SDC of the angle parallel to crackle, reference signal and damage signal
Value) it is less.
Hereinafter will be further illustrated by formula calculating.
The signal difference coefficient S DC value of reference signal and damage signal is calculated first：
Wherein,The Lamb wave response signal of sensory path (m-n) before and after structural damage, t are represented respectively0
Represent the signal through time under the sensory path；μ represents the mean value of corresponding signal；Δ T is a time window.Experimental situation
Under, the damage in structure is to cause the sole cause for receiving signal intensity.For any sensory path, the size of SDC values reflects
Degree of injury and damage the relative position in Distance-sensing path.
In the image of reconstruct, each SDC value is respectively disposed on an ellipsoid, swashing in corresponding sensory path
It is two oval focuses to encourage end m and receiving terminal n.Parameter beta is form factor, controls the size of ellipse, and its value is more than 1.SDC
The spatially distributed functions of value are defined as follows：
Wherein,
In formula, (xm,ym)、(xn,yn) coordinate for encouraging end m and receiving terminal n is represented respectively.
The corresponding probability distribution graph of single sensory path can only ensure the resolution ratio perpendicular to sensory path direction.Therefore,
In order to the accurate location for orienting damage needs to be overlapped the corresponding probability distribution graph of all sensory paths, so as to be examined
Damage profile probability P (x, y) of arbitrfary point (x, y) is in survey region：
Wherein, N is the total quantity of sensor/driver.
Based on principles above, the present invention provides a kind of side of cross orthogonal scanning Lamb wave engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring
Method, comprises the steps：
(1) on geodesic structure is treated, according to detection zone size, one group of piezoelectric transducer composition excitation/sensing of arrangement is circular
Array；In the present embodiment, using aluminium sheet structure as geodesic structure is treated, its size is 400mm × 400mm × 2mm, as shown in figure 1,
Young's modulus E=70GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.33, density p=2800kg/m3.Meanwhile, built as the origin of coordinates with the center of hardened structure
Vertical coordinate system, 12 sensors is evenly arranged in the origin of coordinates as the center of circle, on circumference of the radius as 14cm.In simulating crack
Heart point is coordinate (4cm, 9cm), is 15 ° with the angle of x-axis positive direction, and crack length is 5cm.
(2) in excitation/sensor array, a piezoelectric transducer is selected as driver, and be set to Sm(m=1,2,
3 ..., 12), five crest narrowband excitation signals are loaded on the driver by function generator and power amplifier, it is allowed to
The active force consistent with signal amplitude is produced on aluminium sheet structure vertical direction, is inspired in the structure with A0Based on pattern
Monotype Lamb wave signal, the pumping signal for adopting for sinusoidal modulation signal, centre frequency 200kHz, its time domain waveform such as Fig. 2
It is shown；Using remaining all piezoelectric transducer as sensor, and it is set to Sn(n=1,2,3 ..., 12, and m ≠ n), set up prison
Passage is surveyed, Jing charge amplifiers are by SmThe lower Lamb wave sensing of excitation, amplify and gather and send in control computer, obtain
S under structure current statemThe Lamb wave response signal of all excitation/sensing passages under excitation
Repeat said process, all of piezoelectric transducer is encouraged successively, can obtain what is produced by the sensing/excitation array
Whole Lamb wave response signals
Wherein, the Lamb wave ultrasonic signal being loaded on driver is narrow band signal, can be by selecting suitable center frequency
Rate, with inspire single-mode or in a certain pattern based on Lamb wave signal, such as in the present embodiment, select centre frequency
The five crest narrowband excitation signals of 200kHz are loaded on driver, are inspired in the structure with A0Monotype based on pattern
Lamb wave signal.
(3) the Lamb wave response signal that will be collected in step (2)As damage signal, further according in step (2)
Method health hardened structure in gather Lamb wave response signal as reference signalThen institute is obtained according to formula (1)
There are the SDC values of excitation/sensing passage；
(4) the SDC values obtained according to step (3), using conventional probability image-forming principle, Crack Damage may in reconstruct ejecting plate
The region of presence, the most bright part of color as shown in Figure 3 is Crack Damage region that may be present in aluminium sheet；
(5) to the path by all vertical two-by-two right-angled intersection in damage field, the absolute of its SDC value difference value is calculated
Value, and one group of maximum cross-over path of absolute difference is found out, less that paths of wherein SDC values are taken, it is located
Direction determining is direction of check；
With reference to Fig. 3, all paths through damage field are first found out i.e. Then orthogonal two paths are found out in these paths The absolute value of the SDC value differences of two paths in these crosses is calculated, and is found out in absolute value
One group of maximum path, the wherein little direction of SDC values is exactly the direction of crackle.As shown in table (1), the mutual of maximum absolute value is hung down
Straight path isAgain due to pathSDC values it is little, so the line between piezoelectric patches 2- piezoelectric patches 10 is crackle
Direction.
Table 1
| Two paths in cross | The absolute value of SDC value differences |
| SDC(A1S4), SDC (A2S9) | 0.0811 |
| SDC(A1S5), SDC (A2S10) | 0.4651 |
| SDC(A1S6), SDC (A2S11) | 0.1795 |
| SDC(A2S7), SDC (A3S12) | 0.0993 |
| SDC(A2S8), SDC (A4S12) | 0.2133 |
(6) crackle is judged into that the SDC values on direction are corrected to 1, namely the place road of piezoelectric transducer 2- piezoelectric transducers 10
Footpath, using conventional probability image-forming principle Crack Damage image is reconstructed again, as shown in figure 4, color is brighter to represent what crackle occurred
Probability is bigger.
(7) according to imaging results, set suitable threshold value, to reconstructing Crack Damage image again in, in the crackle for judging
On the monitoring path in direction, according to image pixel point quantity and distance computation Crack Damage length more than given threshold.
Fig. 5 is the later result of thresholding, and bright colored portion as represents the position that crackle is located, the crack image energy of reconstruct
Very accurately in reaction plate Crack Damage distribution.
Above example technological thought only to illustrate the invention, it is impossible to which protection scope of the present invention is limited with this, it is every
According to technological thought proposed by the present invention, any change done on the basis of technical scheme, the scope of the present invention is each fallen within
Within.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that cross orthogonal scanning Lamb wave engineering structure Crack Damage is monitored, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(1) on geodesic structure is treated, according to detection zone size, one group of piezoelectric transducer composition excitation/sensing circular array of arrangement；
(2) in excitation/sensor array, a piezoelectric transducer is selected as driver, and be set to Sm, remaining all piezoelectricity biographies
Sensor is set to S as sensorn, monitoring passage is set up, gather all excitation/sensing passages under structure current state
Lamb wave response signalWherein m, n=1,2,3 ..., and m ≠ n；
(3) the Lamb wave response signal that will be collected in step (2)As damage signal, further according to the side in step (2)
Method gathers Lamb wave response signal as reference signal in the hardened structure of healthThen calculate all excitation/sensings to lead to
The SDC values in road：
(4) the SDC values obtained according to step (3), using Surface SP Tomography principle, Crack Damage area that may be present in reconstruct ejecting plate
Domain；
(5) to the path by all vertical two-by-two right-angled intersection in possible damage field, the absolute of its SDC value difference value is calculated
Value, and one group of maximum cross-over path of absolute difference is found out, less that paths of wherein SDC values are taken, it is located
Direction determining is direction of check；
(6) crackle is judged into that the SDC values on direction are corrected to 1, Crack Damage image is reconstructed using Surface SP Tomography principle；
(7) according to imaging results, suitable threshold value is set, is further calculated the length information of Crack Damage.
2. the method that a kind of cross orthogonal scanning Lamb wave engineering structure Crack Damage as claimed in claim 1 is monitored, it is special
Levy and be：In the step (1), using aluminium sheet structure as treating geodesic structure.
3. the method that a kind of cross orthogonal scanning Lamb wave engineering structure Crack Damage as claimed in claim 1 is monitored, it is special
Levy and be：In the step (2), Lamb wave ultrasonic signal is loaded into by driver S by function generator and power amplifierm
On, pumping signal is excited in the structure；Jing charge amplifiers are by SmLamb wave structural response signal sensing, amplification under excitation is simultaneously
Collection is sent in control computer, obtains SmLamb wave response signal under excitation
4. the method that a kind of cross orthogonal scanning Lamb wave engineering structure Crack Damage as claimed in claim 3 is monitored, it is special
Levy and be：The Lamb wave ultrasonic signal be narrow band signal, select its suitable centre frequency with inspire single-mode or with
Lamb wave signal based on certain pattern.
5. the method that a kind of cross orthogonal scanning Lamb wave engineering structure Crack Damage as claimed in claim 1 is monitored, it is special
Levy and be：The detailed step of the step (5) is：
(51) piezoelectric transducer S is selectedmAs driver, other piezoelectric transducers SnAs sensor, in the monitoring passage of composition
In find out All Paths by damage fieldWherein m, n=1,2,3 ..., and m ≠ n；
(52) for pathAccording to piezoelectric excitation/sensing circular array arrangement, find out perpendicular to the path and by damage zone
Domain, by piezoelectric transducer SlAnd SgMonitoring pathComposition cross quadrature path pairWherein g, l=1,2,3 ...,
And g ≠ l；
(53) the orthogonal monitoring path of cross is calculatedWithSDC values difference, and take the absolute value of difference
(54) the absolute maximum of the orthogonal monitoring path SDC value difference values of all crosses is asked forWith its correspondence two
The little direction of SDC values is direction of check in monitoring path.
6. the method that a kind of cross orthogonal scanning Lamb wave engineering structure Crack Damage as claimed in claim 1 is monitored, it is special
Levy and be：The detailed content of the step (7) is：In to reconstructing Crack Damage image again, in the prison of the direction of check for judging
Survey on path, according to image pixel point quantity and distance computation Crack Damage length more than given threshold.
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| CN109839437A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-04 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of metal plate structure through-wall crack monitoring and evaluation method based on Lamb wave |
| CN110155369A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 中国民航大学 | A kind of aircraft skin face crack inspection method |
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| CN109839437A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-04 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of metal plate structure through-wall crack monitoring and evaluation method based on Lamb wave |
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| CN112462157A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-09 | 苏州大学 | Method for improving output charge of piezoelectric material in crack sensing element |
| CN112462157B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2023-07-21 | 苏州大学 | Method for improving output charge of piezoelectric material in crack sensor |
| CN113237951A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-10 | 重庆大学 | Metal plate fatigue damage ultrasonic guided wave detection method based on shape context dynamic time warping |
| CN113588781A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-11-02 | 南京邮电大学 | Lamb wave engineering structure multi-crack damage monitoring method |
| CN113588781B (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2023-10-10 | 南京邮电大学 | Method for monitoring multi-crack damage of Lamb wave engineering structure |
| CN114841892A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-02 | 天津大学 | Sparse guided wave data recovery method based on full-connection network |
| CN114841892B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-10-17 | 天津大学 | Sparse guided wave data recovery method based on fully connected network |
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