CN106596100A - Four-step machine tool spindle elastic modulus nondestructive detection method and device - Google Patents
Four-step machine tool spindle elastic modulus nondestructive detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106596100A CN106596100A CN201710013868.9A CN201710013868A CN106596100A CN 106596100 A CN106596100 A CN 106596100A CN 201710013868 A CN201710013868 A CN 201710013868A CN 106596100 A CN106596100 A CN 106596100A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/02—Gearings; Transmission mechanisms
- G01M13/028—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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Abstract
The invention relates to a four-step machine tool spindle elastic modulus nondestructive detection method and device. Through a finite element analysis method and a response surface analysis method, an empirical formula of a four-step machine tool spindle impulse excitation detection elastic modulus is obtained, the relation among four-step machine tool spindle elastic modulus, geometric size and bending frequency is established, thus through the excitation at one end of a four-step machine tool spindle by an exciting hammer, an acceleration signal is picked by using an acceleration sensor at the other end, a one-order bending resonance frequency is obtained through fast Fourier transform, and with the geometric size of a four-step machine tool spindle to be detected as the input of the empirical formula, finally the elastic modulus is calculated. According to the method and the device, a disadvantage that the preparation of a rectangular cross section specimen is needed by a classical impulse excitation detection elastic modulus standard method can be overcome, the method is suitable for four-step machine tool spindle elastic modulus nondestructive detection in actual working condition, and a four-step machine tool spindle elastic modulus value can be rapidly given with only one formula only through a simple exciting hammer excitation test.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to frame for movement technical field of nondestructive testing, is related to a kind of four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity lossless
Detection method and device.
Background technology
At present, developing rapidly with national economy, demand expanding day of the society to equipment.As equipment key core
Part design is manufactured, and numerical simulation becomes a kind of Design and manufacturing process analysis means ripe day by day.However, current generally existing
Imitative and ungenuine bottleneck problem, in the urgent need to real structure part mechanics parameter, and elastic modelling quantity is crucial mechanics parameter.If energy
By lossless detection method, the elastic modelling quantity of ad hoc structure is obtained, reliable mechanics parameter will be provided for its numerical simulation, had
Very important meaning.
Pulse excitation method is that one kind is known as lossless detection method, by sample (square-section standard specimen) natural frequency,
Size and quality are obtaining a kind of method of young modulus of material, modulus of shearing, Poisson's ratio.Pulse excitation method (Impulse
Excitation Technique) refer to by the given sample one continuous pulse excitation of a certain ad-hoc location of suitable external force
Signal, when a certain frequency in accumulation signal is consistent with the natural frequency of sample, produces resonance, and now amplitude is maximum, prolongs
When it is most long, the vibration signal is received by measurement sensor, then by data analyzing and processing obtain sample natural frequency,
The natural frequency obtains different types of frequency according to the mode of vibration difference of sample, such as corner frequency, twisting frequencies, so
Afterwards its Young's modulus E, shear modulus G, Poisson when damping ratio etc. is calculated by the empirical equation of standard specimen.Pulse at present
Excitation method is widely used in research and field of quality control, it is adaptable to various solid materials, such as metal, alloy, ceramics, glass
Glass, refractory material, graphite etc., are one kind of the advanced various elasticity modulus of materials of noncontact measure generally acknowledged in the world at present
Preferable detection method.
However, the not proper lossless detection method of pulse excitation method, is suitable only for square-section standard specimen, mark
Quasi- sample itself is required with specific physical dimension.For working condition is severe, ambient vibration noise is big and operating
Four-step machine tool chief axis, geometry not standard specimen, it is impossible to be used for quickly detecting with existing pulse excitation method, because
This, there is no at present report.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the technical deficiency of the above, the present invention to provide a kind of four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity Non-Destructive Testing side
Method and device.
The present invention provides a kind of four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity lossless detection method, and its step is as follows：
1) four-step machine tool chief axis pulse excitation is obtained by finite element analyses and Responds Surface Methodology and detects elastic modelling quantity
Empirical equation, set up the relation of four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity, physical dimension and the first rank natural bending frequency；
2) four-step machine tool chief axis, wherein L=have been suspended in midair with elastic metal wire being at 0.224L apart from both ends of the surface
l1+l2+l3+l4For main shaft total length, l1, l2, l3, l4Respectively four-step shaft length；
3) by power hammer in the excitation of four-step machine tool chief axis right-hand member, and in left end acceleration transducer pickup acceleration letter
Number, and the first rank natural bending frequency f is obtained by fast Fourier transform；
4) by physical dimension R of the first rank natural bending frequency f and four-step machine tool chief axis to be detected1, R2, R3, R4, lead to
Cross step 1) in relation, obtain elastic modulus E *.
Step 1) in step it is as follows：Four-step machine tool chief axis to simulating carry out multiple model frequency calculating, obtain the
First-order flexure natural frequency f, and BBD response surface analysises are carried out to obtaining the first rank natural bending frequency f, obtain elastic modelling quantity pre-
Measured value E* and physical dimension R1、R2、R3、R4With the relation of the first rank natural bending frequency f,
E*=2.15196 × 1011-2.15307×1013R1-2.02443×1013R2-1.70041×1012R3+6.24694
×1012R4+3835003975f-9.04594×1014R1R2-67759500560R1f-4.07318×1014R2R4-
82762415004R2f-9.40012×1013R3R4-15201689270R3f+32685835169R4f+1.1947×1015R1 2+
1.11873×1015R2 2+1.15113×1014R3 2+6.08567×1013R4 2+2536349.853f2,
Wherein R1, R2, R3, R4Respectively four-step axle radius.
Step 3) in by pickup acceleration signal through signal conditioner amplifications, digital sample, Filtering Processing, and general
Computer is input to digital signal, fast Fourier change is carried out by computer.
A kind of device based on four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity lossless detection method, it includes：
Some elastic metal wires, for fixing four-step machine tool chief axis to be measured, and institute fixed position is respectively from two ends
The position of face 0.224L；
Force thing, for providing excitation in any one end of four-step machine tool chief axis to be measured, makes four-step machine tool chief axis to be measured
Exciting；
Acceleration transducer, along the axially arranged of four-step machine tool chief axis to be measured, for gathering four-step machine tool chief axis
Pulse excitation data；
Test system, for obtaining pulse excitation data, and carries out the acquisition of elastic modelling quantity.
The force thing is power hammer.
The test system includes A/D converter amplifier circuits, controller and the display being sequentially connected, and wherein A/D turns
Change amplifying circuit to be connected with acceleration transducer.
The test system is additionally provided with force transducer, and the force transducer is connected with A/D converter amplifier circuits.
The test system is additionally provided with storing mechanism.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：An energy gram classical pulsed exciting detection elastic modelling quantity standard method needs to prepare square-section
The shortcoming of exemplar, is suitable for four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity Non-Destructive Testing under practical working situation；Only need to by simple
Power hammer exciting vibration, and only according to a formula, quickly provide four-step machine tool chief axis elastic mould value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is four-step machine tool chief axis simplified model figure.
Fig. 2 is that four-step machine tool chief axis suspend Support Position in midair.
Fig. 3 is the elastic modulus E predictive value and actual value degree of agreement figure that formula (1) is calculated.
Fig. 4 is four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity nondestructive detecting instrument block diagram.
Fig. 5 is the test time-domain signal and its frequency spectrum of operating mode 1, and wherein a is test time-domain signal, and b is frequency spectrum.
Fig. 6 is the test time-domain signal and its frequency spectrum of operating mode 2, and wherein a is test time-domain signal, and b is frequency spectrum.
Fig. 7 is the water-glass of five factor three of BBD response phase methods.
Fig. 8 is the table of five factor three, 46 test combinations of level of BBD response phase methods.
Fig. 9 is the table of the four-step machine tool chief axis of two kinds of sizes.
Figure 10 is the table of experiment detection elastic modelling quantity result and error
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention is further illustrated：
As illustrated, the present invention includes obtaining four-step machine tool chief axis pulse by finite element analyses and Responds Surface Methodology
Exciting detects the empirical equation of elastic modelling quantity, sets up the pass of four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity, physical dimension and corner frequency
System, and then by power hammer in the excitation of four-step machine tool chief axis one end, the other end picks up acceleration signal with acceleration transducer, leads to
Cross fast Fourier transform and obtain first-order flexure resonant frequency, with the physical dimension of four-step machine tool chief axis to be detected empirically
The input of formula, finally calculates elastic modelling quantity.Based on detection method, using DSP development boards, four-step lathe is built
Main shaft elastic modelling quantity the cannot-harm-detection device.Comprise the following steps：
1st, four-step machine tool chief axis pulse excitation detects the empirical equation of elastic modelling quantity.
Fig. 1 show four-step machine tool chief axis simplified model figure, is typical multidiameter structure, wherein l1, l2, l3, l4Point
Wei not four-step shaft length；R1, R2, R3, R4Respectively four-step axle radius.Fig. 2 show the suspention of four-step machine tool chief axis and supports
Position, apart from both ends of the surface 0.224L (L=l are1+l2+l3+l4For main shaft total length), by finite element analyses and response surface point
Analysis method obtains the empirical equation that four-step machine tool chief axis pulse excitation detects elastic modelling quantity, sets up four-step machine tool chief axis springform
The relation of amount, physical dimension and corner frequency.It is embodied as flow process：
First, using one of method in Responds Surface Methodology --- the response surface based on Box-Behnkendesign (BBD)
Method carries out experimental design.Fig. 7 show the water-glass of five factor three of BBD response phase methods.
The level of five factor three of BBD response phase methods need to do 46 experiments, as shown in Figure 8.It is each in BBD response phase methods
Secondary experiment, with finite element analysis software ANSYS, using solid element " Solid 186 ", four-step machine tool chief axis material parameter
For Poisson's ratio μ=0.3, density of material ρ=7860kg/m3, constrained is at 0.224L (as shown in Figure 2) place, it is assumed that l1=
0.4m, l2=0.3m, l3=0.2m, l4=0.1m, carries out model frequency calculating, obtains the first rank natural bending frequency f, its value
As shown in Figure 8.
Data shown in Fig. 8 are carried out with BBD response phase method analyses, the empirical equation of elastic modulus E is obtained：
E*=2.15196 × 1011-2.15307×1013R1-2.02443×1013R2-1.70041×1012R3+6.24694
×1012R4+3835003975f-9.04594×1014R1R2-67759500560R1f-4.07318×1014R2R4-
82762415004R2f-9.40012×1013R3R4-15201689270R3f+326 85835169R4f+1.1947×1015R1 2+
1.11873×1015R2 2+1.15113×1014R3 2+6.08567×1013R4 2+2536349.853f2 (1)
Formula (1) is the empirical equation that four-step machine tool chief axis pulse excitation detects elastic modelling quantity, and the formula is established
Four-step machine tool chief axis Elastic modulus prediction value E*, physical dimension R1, R2, R3, R4With the relation of first-order flexure frequency f.The relation
The inspection of formula accuracy is used in Fig. 8 under 46 experiment conditions, with real bullet in the calculated elastic modelling quantity of formula (1) and Fig. 8
Property modulus 170GPa, 190GPa, 210GPa degree of agreement description, as a result as shown in Figure 3, it is seen then that degree of agreement is very good.
2nd, four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity lossless detection method.
Four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity lossless detection method operating process：
First as shown in Figure 2, it is at 0.224L apart from both ends of the surface and has suspended four-step lathe master in midair with elastic metal wire
Axle；
Then as shown in figure 3, being encouraged in four-step machine tool chief axis right-hand member by power hammer, and in left end acceleration transducer
Pickup acceleration signal, is processed through signal conditioner amplification, digital sample, filtering etc., is obtained digital signal and is input to calculating
Machine, by fast Fourier transform first-order flexure resonant frequency f is obtained；
Finally by physical dimension R of the four-step machine tool chief axis to be detected shown in first-order flexure resonant frequency f and Fig. 31, R2,
R3, R4, empirical equation (1) is substituted into, calculate elastic modulus E *.
3rd, the detection means.
Using DSP development boards, four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity the cannot-harm-detection device is built, as shown in Figure 4.It is concrete real
Apply flow process：
The sensor is acceleration transducer, and axially arranged along power transmission shaft, i.e., along setting close proximity to right-hand member top
Put, for gathering the pulse excitation initial data of four-step machine tool chief axis.
The test system is additionally provided with force transducer, and the force transducer is connected with A/D converter amplifier circuits.The power sensing
Device is extended to solve frequency response function, and then measures material damping.
The controller is also connected with storage device, can will adhere to that data are stored by storage device, it is also possible to
It is compared with the numerical value of setting, while also can call checking conventional detection data.
LCDs can also be set thereon, for direct observed data.
Case study on implementation 1：To verify the effectiveness of the inventive method, the implementation case provides the four-step lathe of two kinds of sizes
Main shaft, as shown in Figure 9.The test time-domain signal and its frequency spectrum of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 difference operating modes 1 and operating mode 2.Figure 10 gives experiment
Detection elastic modelling quantity result and relative error ε=(E*-E)/E × 100%.As seen from Figure 10, for operating mode 1, relative error is only
For 0.87%, and for operating mode 2, error also only 1.82%, therefore, it is a kind of higher lossless detection method of accuracy.Mark
Quasi- pulse excitation method, due to its formula only to square-section standard specimen effectively, and standard specimen itself is with specific square
The requirement of tee section physical dimension, therefore, not proper lossless detection method, it is impossible to for geometry and non-standard
The four-step machine tool chief axis of sample.And the inventive method need not then make square-section test specimen, with for four-step lathe
The quick and accuracy of main shaft.
Embodiment is not construed as limitation of the present invention, any spiritual improvements introduced based on the present invention, all Ying Ben
Within the protection domain of invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity lossless detection method, it is characterised in that：Its step is as follows：
1) Jing that four-step machine tool chief axis pulse excitation detects elastic modelling quantity is obtained by finite element analyses and Responds Surface Methodology
Formula is tested, the relation of four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity, physical dimension and the first rank natural bending frequency is set up；
2) four-step machine tool chief axis, wherein L=l have been suspended in midair with elastic metal wire being at 0.224L apart from both ends of the surface1+l2+
l3+l4For main shaft total length, l1, l2, l3, l4Respectively four-step shaft length；
3) by power hammer in the excitation of four-step machine tool chief axis right-hand member, and acceleration signal is picked up with acceleration transducer in left end,
And the first rank natural bending frequency f is obtained by fast Fourier transform；
4) by physical dimension R of the first rank natural bending frequency f and four-step machine tool chief axis to be detected1, R2, R3, R4, by step
1) relation in, obtains elastic modulus E *.
2. a kind of four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity lossless detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
It is rapid 1) in step it is as follows：Four-step machine tool chief axis to simulating carry out multiple model frequency calculating, obtain first-order flexure and consolidate
Have frequency f, and BBD response surface analysises carried out to obtaining the first rank natural bending frequency f, obtain Elastic modulus prediction value E* with it is several
What size R1、R2、R3、R4With the relation of the first rank natural bending frequency f, E*=2.15196 × 1011-2.15307×1013R1-
2.02443×1013R2-1.70041×1012R3+6.24694×1012R4+3835003975f-9.04594×1014R1R2-
67759500560R1f-4.07318×1014R2R4-82762415004R2f-9.40012×1013R3R4-15201689270R3f+
32685835169R4f+1.1947×1015R1 2+1.11873×1015R2 2+1.15113×1014R3 2+6.08567×1013R4 2+
2536349.853f2,
Wherein R1, R2, R3, R4Respectively four-step machine tool chief axis radius.
3. a kind of four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity lossless detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
It is rapid 3) in by the acceleration signal of pickup through signal conditioner amplification, digital sample, Filtering Processing, and digital signal will be obtained
Computer is input to, fast Fourier change is carried out by computer.
4. a kind of dress of the four-step machine tool chief axis elastic modelling quantity lossless detection method based on described in the claims 1,2 or 3
Put, it is characterised in that：It includes：
Some elastic metal wires, for fixing four-step machine tool chief axis to be measured, and institute fixed position is respectively from both ends of the surface
The position of 0.224L；
Force thing, for providing excitation in any one end of four-step machine tool chief axis to be measured, makes four-step machine tool chief axis exciting to be measured；
Acceleration transducer, along the axially arranged of four-step machine tool chief axis to be measured, for gathering the pulse of four-step machine tool chief axis
Exciting data；
Test system, for obtaining pulse excitation data, and carries out the acquisition of elastic modelling quantity.
5. device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The force thing is power hammer.
6. device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The test system includes that the A/D being sequentially connected conversions are put
Big circuit, controller and display, wherein A/D converter amplifier circuits are connected with acceleration transducer.
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The test system is additionally provided with force transducer, and the power is passed
Sensor is connected with A/D converter amplifier circuits.
8. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The test system is additionally provided with storing mechanism.
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| CN108387643A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-08-10 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of self-positioning dynamic modulus of elasticity test device |
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| CN110987595A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 北京大学 | Method and device for measuring elastic modulus and internal loss of material in high and low temperature environment |
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Application publication date: 20170426 Assignee: Guowang Technology (Zhejiang) Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Wenzhou University Contract record no.: X2023330000103 Denomination of invention: A nondestructive testing method and device for the elastic modulus of the spindle of a four step machine tool Granted publication date: 20181030 License type: Common License Record date: 20230311 |