CN106596723A - Acoustic detection method of structural mechanical parameters of multilayer composite material - Google Patents

Acoustic detection method of structural mechanical parameters of multilayer composite material Download PDF

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CN106596723A
CN106596723A CN201710013869.3A CN201710013869A CN106596723A CN 106596723 A CN106596723 A CN 106596723A CN 201710013869 A CN201710013869 A CN 201710013869A CN 106596723 A CN106596723 A CN 106596723A
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composite material
multilayer
multilayer materials
poisson
ratio
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向家伟
宋文磊
钟永腾
汤何胜
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Wenzhou University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0231—Composite or layered materials

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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to an acoustic detection method of structural mechanical parameters of a multilayer composite material. The method comprises respectively establishing relationships between the elastic and shear moduli, and the geometrical dimension, the mass and the resonant frequency of a multilayer composite material structure by empirical formulas, then carrying out stimulation at one end, acquiring time domain vibration signals at the other end so that ff and ft are obtained, utilizing ff, ft the geometrical dimension and mass of the multilayer composite material structure as empirical formula inputs and carrying out calculation to obtain a dynamic Young modulus E and a dynamic shear modulus G. The method solves the problem that the classical impulse excitation-based mechanical parameter detection standard method needs preparation of a rectangular cross-section sample, overcomes the damage of the mechanical structure in the traditional mechanical parameter detection process, simplifies the detection processes, greatly shortens the detection time and is suitable for practical application conditions of the multi-layer composite material structure. Through recognition of bending resonance frequency and shear resonance frequency of the multilayer composite material plate, high efficiency, accurate and non-destructive detection of dynamic mechanical parameters of the multilayer composite material plate is realized.

Description

A kind of multilayer materials structural mechanics parameter acoustic detection method
Technical field
The invention belongs to frame for movement technical field of nondestructive testing, is related to a kind of multilayer materials structural mechanics parameter sound Learn detection method.
Background technology
At present, develop rapidly as country is manufacturing, demand expanding day of the society to mechanized equipment.It is high performance multiple Condensation material is widely used in each manufacture field, industry to material performance requirement more and more higher, because the characteristic of material itself can Can change with the change of applied environment and operating mode, this will cause the stability and reliability of material and whole mechanized equipment Reduce, thus cause security incident to happen occasionally.Therefore carry out digital to analog simulation to system in advance to realize to frame for movement shape The assessment of state stability and the prediction of service life become particularly important, will be greatly enhanced mechanized equipment overall operation safety And reliability, it is to avoid serious accident.It is most basic mechanical characteristic in digital modeling simulation process Elastic Modulus, modulus of shearing Parameter, due to working condition and the uncertainty of applied environment, the value for causing mechanics parameter is changed, in order that emulation is pre- The result of survey is more accurate, and a kind of efficient, lossless, accurate mechanics parameter detection method becomes very necessary.
Pulse excitation method (Impulse Excitation Technique) is that one kind is known as lossless detection method, by examination Sample natural frequency, size and quality are obtaining a kind of method of young modulus of material, modulus of shearing, Poisson's ratio.Pulse excitation method Refer to by the given sample one continuous pulse excitation signal of a certain ad-hoc location of suitable external force, when certain in accumulation signal When one frequency is consistent with the natural frequency of sample, resonance is produced, now amplitude is maximum, time delay is most long, by measurement sensor The vibration signal is received, then the natural frequency of sample is obtained by the analyzing and processing of data, the natural frequency is according to sample Mode of vibration is different and obtain different types of frequency, such as corner frequency, twisting frequencies, then the experience by standard specimen is public Formula calculates its Young's modulus E, shear modulus G, Poisson when damping ratio etc., is at present generally acknowledged in the world advanced non-connect Touch a kind of preferable detection method for determining various elasticity modulus of materials.
In recent years, engineering structure has been caused based on the mechanical parameters technology of identification of structural vibration information lossless The extensive concern of detection field researcher.Pulse excitation detection method is that one kind that newly-developed gets up has broad prospect of application Method, the method identifies exactly the mechanics parameter of multilayer plate made of composite material by lossless method, and grinds in laboratory Preferable effect is achieved in studying carefully.However, research before is limited only to traditional engineering material, for multilayer materials The quick identification of mechanics parameter of the plate structure under actual motion condition, does not appear in the newspapers at present due to lacking applicable method Road.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the technical deficiency of the above, the present invention to provide a kind of multilayer materials structural mechanics parameter Acoustic detection Method.
The present invention provides a kind of multilayer materials structural mechanics parameter acoustic detection method, and its step is as follows：
1) model frequency calculating is carried out to simulating multilayer materials structure by limited element analysis technique, obtains the first rank curved Bent resonant frequency ffResonant frequency f is sheared with the first rankt, and the data to obtaining carry out process fitting, respectively obtain elastic modelling quantity Relation between E and shear modulus G and the physical dimension and quality of multilayer materials structure, and obtain obtaining mechanics parameter Empirical equation；
2) it is at 0.198L apart from both ends of the surface and has suspended multilayer materials structure in midair with elastic metal wire so as to is in The state of free vibration, and the left end excitation in multilayer materials structure is hammered into shape by power, and picked up with sound pressure sensor in right-hand member The vibration signal of multilayer materials structure is taken, and the first rank flexural resonance frequency f is obtained by fast Fourier transformf；
3) midline in length and width direction has suspended multilayer materials structure in midair with elastic metallic rope so as to be in The state of free vibration, and the left end excitation in multilayer materials structure is hammered into shape by power, and picked up with sound pressure sensor in right-hand member The vibration signal of multilayer materials structure is taken, and the first rank is obtained by fast Fourier transform and shear resonant frequency ft；
4) by the first rank flexural resonance frequency ffResonant frequency f is sheared with the first ranktWith the geometry of multilayer materials structure Size, mass parameter, in the empirical equation in substituting into 1), obtain respectively elastic modulus E and shear modulus G.
1) relational expression that elastic modulus E is obtained in is as follows：
Wherein, m is the quality of multilayer materials structure, ffIt is the first rank flexural resonance frequency, T1Under being bending vibration Correction coefficient, μ is the Poisson's ratio of material,
。
1) relational expression that shear modulus G is obtained in is as follows：
Wherein A and B be in shearing condition with regard to multilayer materials structure width b and the correction coefficient of thickness t,
When Poisson's ratio is unknown, the method for obtaining the value of each mechanics parameter of multilayer materials structure is as follows：
(1) size when multilayer plate made of composite material, quality and the first rank flexural resonance frequency ffWith the shearing of the first rank altogether Vibration frequency ftWhen being measured, utilize
Obtain the shear modulus G of multilayer plate made of composite material.
(2) pass throughThe elastic modulus E of multilayer plate made of composite material is obtained, is utilized The relation of elastic modulus E, shear modulus G and Poisson's ratio μ
Poisson's ratio μ after being updatedn。
(3) by criterion
To check Poisson's ratio μ after updatingnWhether satisfaction is required, if meet required, the power of multilayer plate made of composite material Learn parameter E, G and μ is just determined；If Poisson's ratio μ after updatingnIt is unsatisfactory for requiring, then by μnAs next iteration process Poisson ratio, repeat step (2), until being met Poisson's ratio μ of requirementn, and then determine the final of multilayer plate made of composite material Mechanics parameter E, G and μ.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Exciting only need to be carried out to multilayer plate made of composite material to produce vibration response signal and pass through Contactless sound pressure sensor carries out the collection analysises of vibration signal, overcomes during traditional mechanicses parameter detecting to machinery The damage influence of structure, realizes the non-destructive of detection, is also applied for the practical application condition of multilayer materials structure.Pass through Identification to the flexural resonance frequency of multilayer materials engineering structure and shearing resonant frequency, only need to can by empirical equation With dynamic mechanics parameter that is efficient, accurate, nondestructively detecting multilayer materials.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of multilayer plate made of composite material.
Fig. 2 is the supporting way of structure, wherein 1 is the supporting way of bending vibration, 2 is the supporting way of scissoring vibration.
Fig. 3 is iterative process flow chart when Poisson's ratio is unknown.
Fig. 4 is power transmission shaft damage detecting method flow chart.
Fig. 5 is the vibratory response figure and rumble spectrum figure of bending vibration, wherein 1 is vibratory response figure, 2 is spectrogram.
Fig. 6 is the vibratory response figure and rumble spectrum figure of scissoring vibration, wherein 1 is vibratory response figure, 2 is spectrogram.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention is further illustrated：
As illustrated, obtaining multilayer materials by limited element analysis technique and data processing software Design-expert Structure pulse excitation detects the empirical equation of elastic modelling quantity and modulus of shearing, and multilayer materials structure modulus of elasticity is set up respectively With the relation of modulus of shearing and physical dimension, quality and resonant frequency, and then hammered into shape in multilayer materials structure one end by power Excitation, other end sound pressure sensor non-cpntact measurement multilayer plate made of composite material under bending vibration and scissoring vibration state when Domain vibration signal, carries out fast Fourier transform (FFT) to time domain vibration signal to extract signal by data collection and analysis instrument Resonant frequency and be averaged, obtain calculate multilayer plate made of composite material the first rank flexural resonance frequency ffWith the shearing of the first rank altogether Vibration frequency ft, empirically the input of formula is finally calculated and tries to achieve multilamellar with the physical dimension and quality of multilayer materials structure The dynamic elastic modulus E and dynamic shear modulus G of composite panel.It is right as studying using the epoxy plate of multilayer materials 3240 As the enforcement of detection method is comprised the following steps：
1st, elastic modelling quantity and shearing mould of the pulse excitation detection multilayer materials structure under the effect of different temperatures load The empirical equation of amount.
Fig. 1 show the section simplified model figure of multilayer materials structure, and wherein b and t is respectively multilayer materials The Length x Width and thickness of structure；Shown in Fig. 2 is the sketch of multilayer materials structural support position, and wherein L is structure Length.As shown in Fig. 2 for during bending vibration state Support Position be to be 0.198L apart from both ends of the surface；For scissoring vibration Support Position is the midline (0.5L and 0.5b) of structure length and width during state.Multilamellar is obtained by limited element analysis technique to answer Condensation material plate pulse excitation detects the empirical equation of elastic modelling quantity and modulus of shearing, sets up multilayer materials structure modulus of elasticity With modulus of shearing and the relation of its physical dimension, quality and resonant frequency.It is embodied as flow process：
By Finite Element Method, with finite element analysis software ANSYS, using solid element " Solid 186 ", four-step Machine tool chief axis material parameter be Poisson's ratio μ=0.3, density of material ρ=7860kg/m3, for constrained exists during bending vibration At 0.198L, for constrained, at 0.5L and 0.5b (as shown in Figure 2) place, carries out model frequency calculating during scissoring vibration, obtain Obtain the first rank flexural resonance frequency ffResonant frequency f is sheared with the first rankt.Enough imitating is obtained through substantial amounts of emulation experiment True data, then carries out process fitting by the software Design-expert with powerful data capability of fitting to emulating data, The relation between elastic modulus E and shear modulus G and the physical dimension and quality of multilayer materials structure is respectively obtained, is obtained The empirical equation of Computational Mechanicses parameter.
(1) calculating of elastic modelling quantity when known to Poisson's ratio
After the first rank flexural resonance frequency abstraction, the computing formula experience of the Young's moduluss of multilayer plate made of composite material is calculated Formula is：
In formula, m is the quality of multilayer plate made of composite material, ffIt is the first rank flexural resonance frequency, T1It is the school under bending vibration Positive coefficient, μ is the Poisson's ratio of material.
(2) calculating of modulus of shearing
When the first rank shears resonant frequency, the modulus of shearing of multilayer plate made of composite material can calculate public by following experience Formula is obtained：
In formula, A and B is with regard to multilayer plate made of composite material width b and the correction coefficient of thickness t in shearing condition.
(3) calculating of elastic modelling quantity, Poisson's ratio when Poisson's ratio is unknown
During Young's moduluss are calculated, if the value of Poisson's ratio μ is unknown, need by as shown in Figure 3 Flow chart is being iterated elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio μ that computing finally determines multilayer plate made of composite material.
By the mechanics of materials, Poisson's ratio computing formula：
Iterative process step is described as follows：
(1) size when multilayer plate made of composite material, quality and the first rank flexural resonance frequency ffWith the shearing of the first rank altogether Vibration frequency ftWhen being measured, using formula (3) shear modulus G (unrelated with Poisson's ratio) of multilayer plate made of composite material is calculated.
(2) elastic modulus E (relevant with Poisson's ratio) of multilayer plate made of composite material is calculated by formula (1).Using bullet Property modulus E, shear modulus G and Poisson's ratio μ relation formula (6) be calculated update after Poisson's ratio μn。
(3) by criterionTo check Poisson's ratio μ after updatingnWhether satisfaction is required, if met Require, then mechanics parameter E, G and μ of multilayer plate made of composite material is just determined；If Poisson's ratio μ after updatingnIt is unsatisfactory for requiring, Then by μnAs the Poisson ratio of next iteration process, iteration step (2), until being met Poisson's ratio μ of requirementn, And then final mechanics parameter E, G and μ of determination multilayer plate made of composite material
From above step, in first time iteration, an original Poisson ratio μ need to be assumed0(scope can use 0.23-0.35)。
2nd, multilayer materials structural mechanics parameter acoustic detection method lossless detection method.
Fig. 4 is detection method flow chart.The elastic modelling quantity of multilayer plate made of composite material and modulus of shearing lossless detection method are grasped Make flow process：
When first as shown in Figure 2, for bending vibration state, it is at 0.198L with using elastic metal wire apart from both ends of the surface Multilayer plate made of composite material is suspended in midair；During for scissoring vibration state, the elastic metallic rope of the midline in length and width direction Multilayer plate made of composite material is suspended in midair.It is at the state of free vibration.
Then the left end excitation in multilayer plate made of composite material is hammered into shape by power, and is answered with sound pressure sensor pickup multilamellar in right-hand member The vibration signal (as shown in Fig. 5 (1) and Fig. 6 (1)) of condensation material plate, through signal conditioner amplification, digital sample, filtering etc. Reason, obtains digital signal and is input to computer, and by fast Fourier transform the first rank flexural resonance frequency f is obtainedfWith first Rank shears resonant frequency ft(as shown in Fig. 5 (2) and Fig. 6 (2))；
Finally respectively by the first rank flexural resonance frequency ffResonant frequency f is sheared with the first ranktWith multilayer plate made of composite material The parameters such as physical dimension, quality, in substituting into empirical equation (1) and (3), calculate respectively elastic modulus E and shear modulus G.
Embodiment is not construed as limitation of the present invention, any spiritual improvements introduced based on the present invention, all Ying Ben Within the protection domain of invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of multilayer materials structural mechanics parameter acoustic detection method, it is characterised in that：Its step is as follows：
1) model frequency calculating is carried out to simulating multilayer materials structure by limited element analysis technique, obtains first-order flexure and be total to Vibration frequency ffResonant frequency f is sheared with the first rankt, and to obtain data carry out process fitting, respectively obtain elastic modulus E and Relation between shear modulus G and the physical dimension and quality of multilayer materials structure, and obtain obtaining the Jing of mechanics parameter Test formula；
2) it is at 0.198L apart from both ends of the surface and has suspended multilayer materials structure in midair with elastic metal wire so as in freedom The state of vibration, and the left end excitation in multilayer materials structure is hammered into shape by power, and pick up many with sound pressure sensor in right-hand member The vibration signal of layer composite structure, and the first rank flexural resonance frequency f is obtained by fast Fourier transformf；
3) midline in length and width direction has suspended multilayer materials structure in midair with elastic metallic rope so as in freedom The state of vibration, and the left end excitation in multilayer materials structure is hammered into shape by power, and pick up many with sound pressure sensor in right-hand member The vibration signal of layer composite structure, and the first rank shearing resonant frequency f is obtained by fast Fourier transformt；
4) by the first rank flexural resonance frequency ffResonant frequency f is sheared with the first ranktWith the dimensioning of multilayer materials structure Very little, mass parameter, in the empirical equation in substituting into 1), obtains respectively elastic modulus E and shear modulus G.
2. a kind of multilayer materials structural mechanics parameter acoustic detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that 1) relational expression that elastic modulus E is obtained in is as follows：
E = 0.9658 ( mf f 2 / b ) ( L 3 / t 3 ) T 1
Wherein, m is the quality of multilayer materials structure, ffIt is the first rank flexural resonance frequency,
T1It is the correction coefficient under bending vibration, μ is the Poisson's ratio of material,
T 1 = 1 + 7.158 ( 1 + 0.0812 μ + 0.7905 μ 2 ) ( t / L ) 2 - 0.828 ( t / L ) 4 - [ 8.450 ( 1 + 0.2123 μ + 2.007 μ 2 ) ( L / t ) 4 1.000 + 6.386 ( 1 + 1.3125 μ + 1.637 μ 2 ) ( L / t ) 2 ] .
3. a kind of multilayer materials structural mechanics parameter acoustic detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that 1) relational expression that shear modulus G is obtained in is as follows：
G = 4 Lmf t 2 b t [ B / ( 1 + A ) ]
Wherein A and B be in shearing condition with regard to multilayer materials structure width b and the correction coefficient of thickness t,
A = [ [ 0.6008 - 0.8560 ( b / t ) + 0.2966 ( b / t ) 2 - 0.0086 ( b / t ) 3 ] [ 11.99 ( b / t ) + 9.892 ( b / t ) 2 ] ]
B = [ b / t + t / b 4.06 ( t / b ) - 2.86 ( t / b ) 2 + 0.26 ( t / b ) 6 ] .
4. according to a kind of multilayer materials structural mechanics parameter acoustic detection method according to claim 1, its feature It is that, when Poisson's ratio is unknown, the method for obtaining the value of each mechanics parameter of multilayer materials structure is as follows：
(1) size when multilayer plate made of composite material, quality and the first rank flexural resonance frequency ffResonant frequency is sheared with the first rank ftWhen being measured, utilizeObtain the shear modulus G of multilayer plate made of composite material.
(2) pass throughThe elastic modulus E of multilayer plate made of composite material is obtained, using elasticity The relation of modulus E, shear modulus G and Poisson's ratio μPoisson's ratio μ after being updatedn。
(3) by criterionTo check Poisson's ratio μ after updatingnWhether satisfaction is required, if meet will Ask, then mechanics parameter E, G and μ of multilayer plate made of composite material is just determined；If Poisson's ratio μ after updatingnIt is unsatisfactory for requiring, then By μnAs the Poisson ratio of next iteration process, repeat step (2), until being met Poisson's ratio μ of requirementn, and then really Determine final mechanics parameter E, G and μ of multilayer plate made of composite material.
CN201710013869.3A 2017-01-09 2017-01-09 Acoustic detection method of structural mechanical parameters of multilayer composite material Pending CN106596723A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108828067A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-11-16 江苏理工学院 A kind of damage of composite materials type separation method for including in acoustic emission signal
CN108802203A (en) * 2018-06-20 2018-11-13 中国科学院声学研究所 A kind of rod component internal flaw localization method based on multi-modal technology
CN108802203B (en) * 2018-06-20 2019-12-17 中国科学院声学研究所 rod-shaped member internal defect positioning method based on multi-mode technology
CN109187232A (en) * 2018-08-01 2019-01-11 彩虹显示器件股份有限公司 A kind of test method for testing glass plate elasticity modulus and modulus of shearing
CN109270169A (en) * 2018-10-19 2019-01-25 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 A kind of fibre reinforced composites elastic parameter rapid assay methods and system
CN112444563A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-03-05 大连理工大学 Transverse isotropic material damage evaluation method based on ultrasonic back reflection
CN112444563B (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-05-10 大连理工大学 Transverse isotropic material damage evaluation method based on ultrasonic back reflection
CN113790954A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-12-14 河北光兴半导体技术有限公司 Thin glass elastic modulus testing method and device
CN116312898A (en) * 2023-05-11 2023-06-23 中国电子科技集团公司信息科学研究院 Method and device for identifying mechanical parameters of composite material and training identification model of composite material
CN116312898B (en) * 2023-05-11 2023-08-25 中国电子科技集团公司信息科学研究院 Method and device for identifying mechanical parameters of composite material and training identification model of composite material

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