CN106593508A - Plateau high-gas extra long separating type tunnel construction ventilation method - Google Patents
Plateau high-gas extra long separating type tunnel construction ventilation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106593508A CN106593508A CN201611219805.0A CN201611219805A CN106593508A CN 106593508 A CN106593508 A CN 106593508A CN 201611219805 A CN201611219805 A CN 201611219805A CN 106593508 A CN106593508 A CN 106593508A
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000605372 Fritillaria Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 73
- 241001165859 Perdicinae Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005662 electromechanics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/006—Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F1/00—Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currents
- E21F1/08—Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
- H02H5/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a plateau high-gas extra long separating type tunnel construction ventilation method. The tunnel construction ventilation method comprises the following steps that (1) the air volume needed for tunnel construction ventilation is calculated; (2) according to the plateau sea level elevation where a tunnel locates, the air density in the tunnel is calculated and corrected; (3) according to the calculating result of the air volume needed for ventilation, suitable plateau gas tunnel ventilation equipment is selected; (4) staged ventilation schemes are determined according to the tunneling length of the tunnel; and (5) a gas electricity locking system and a wind electricity locking system are arranged in the tunnel and working conditions are set. According to the characteristics of the separating type tunnel, after the air volume needed for construction is calculated and after the air density is corrected, the ventilation equipment is selected, so that the situation that resource waste is caused when the ventilation equipment is selected is avoided. The staged ventilation schemes are implemented according to the tunneling length of the tunnel, the tunnel ventilation effect is guaranteed, the gas density is diluted, and construction cost is reduced. The high-gas tunnel construction risk is reduced through the wind electricity locking system and the gas electricity locking system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of tunnel construction, more particularly to a kind of plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel is constructed logical
Wind method.
Background technology
In recent years, the infrastructure construction of China is developed rapidly, with the quickening that development of the West Regions is built, four
The a large amount of building highways of the provinces and cities such as river, Tibet and Qinghai.If Wenchuan to Maerkang highway is exactly Expressway in Sichuan Province
The Important Sections of " Chengdu～Dege～Tibet " line and " Chengdu～Aba～Qinghai " line in 16 Chengdu lead-ins that network planning is drawn,
It is that ground leads to the regional important main artey of communications such as Tibet, Qinghai in Sichuan.
Francolin mountain tunnel is the tunnel that Wenchuan to Maerkang highway passes through francolin mountain, is that Wenchuan to Maerkang is public at a high speed
One of the main projects on road.Francolin mountain tunnel is left and right line separate type vcehicular tunnel, wherein, the long 8766m in right threaded list road, left line
The long 8789m in tunnel (vcehicular tunnel specific length is super long tunnel more than 3000m), barrel maximum buried depth about 1350m, Tunnel
Mouth 3100～4780m of absolute elevation, therefore francolin mountain tunnel belongs to plateau speciality separate tunnel.
And francolin mountain tunnel is the highway that enters into Tibet after Wenchuan earthquake first opens bid section key project, due to Wenchuan earthquake
Greatly, maximum has exceeded 1.0g to vertical excitation, causes substantial amounts of land upheaval phenomenon, and maximum bump height exceedes
In 4m, this secondary earthquake, the breakoff phenomenon of ground or massif is also very serious, and many places there occurs obvious crack, Wenchuan the earth
Shake changes the geological characteristics of one's respective area significantly, and this increased certain difficulty to the construction in the tunnel again.
Francolin mountain tunnel surrounding is made up of T3x, T3zh, T2z stratum, and lithology is mainly metasandstone, slate, phyllite group
Into；Each bedrock formation contains carbonaceous phyllite in place, and then based on carbonaceous phyllite, tunnel has carbonaceous to T3x new capital bridge group
Phyllite, has hydrocarbon generation capacity, it is seen that francolin mountain tunnel belongs to gas tunnel again.And the rank of gas tunnel can be by gas in tunnel
The absolute gas emission rate in work area is judged, when gas emission is less than 0.5m3It is present low gas work area during/min；More than or
Equal to 0.5m3It is high methane work area during/min.After testing francolin mountain left tunnel hole absolute gas emission rate reaches 0.994m3/ min,
Right hole absolute gas emission rate reaches 1.039m3/ min, therefore francolin mountain tunnel gas grade is high methane.
For as after this macroseism in francolin mountain tunnel plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction when face ventilation skill
An art difficult problem, once ventilation freely in time can not dilute gas in tunnel, and especially can in breaking surrounding rock cranny development after macroseism
Can there is Gas Outburst situation, it will bring great security risk to construction, if gas, oxygen and incendiary source three elements bar
Part is suitable, and gas explosion accident will occur, and to property and personal safety very big loss is brought, and great shadow is caused to society
Ring.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：For in high methane Extra Long Tunnel Construction in plateau after macroseism, due to tunnel ventilation not
Freely gas in tunnel can not be diluted in time and there is a problem of construction safety risk, there is provided a kind of plateau high methane speciality point
From formula construction ventilation of tunnel method, ventilation needed for by calculating gas tunnel construction simultaneously carries out plateau air density correction, fills
Divide the Lateral Hole using separate tunnel design, implement to divulge information stage by stage according to Excavation Length is excavated, dilution gas density is protected
Wall-rock crack development plateau high methane tunnel ventilation effect after macroseism is demonstrate,proved, to the design of similar high methane Tunnel Engineering and tool of constructing
There is very important directive significance.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the invention provides technical scheme below：
A kind of plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method, comprises the following steps：
A, calculating construction ventilation of tunnel Air Quantity Required；
B, according to residing for tunnel plateau elevation elevation, calculating correction is carried out to tunnel air density；
C, according to ventilation Air Quantity Required result of calculation, choose suitable plateau gas tunnel ventilation equipment；
D, ventilation scheme stage by stage is determined according to tunnel piercing length；
Fritillaria wabuense and lock between air and electricity system are set in e, tunnel and condition of work is set.
The method calculates ventilation needed for gas tunnel construction and carries out plateau air according to plateau separate tunnel feature
Suitable ventilation equipment are chosen after density correction, the wasting of resources caused when ventilation equipment are chosen can be prevented effectively from；According to opening
Dig Excavation Length and implement ventilation scheme stage by stage, it is ensured that wall-rock crack development plateau high methane tunnel ventilation effect after macroseism,
The gas density in tunnel is diluted, the effect with energy-saving and emission-reduction can be greatly reduced construction cost；By arranging lock between air and electricity
With Fritillaria wabuense system, plateau high methane the risk of tunnel construction is effectively reduced, so as to ensure the personal safety of workmen.
Preferably, in step a, respectively by construction tunnel explosion smoke evacuation, allow minimum wind speed, gas emission, in hole
Simultaneously construction ventilation of tunnel Air Quantity Required is calculated using engine exhaust gas in most numbers of work and dilution hole, and choose it
In maximum.By calculating ventilation respectively by various conditions, and using maximum therein as construction ventilation Air Quantity Required,
In this, as the basis for choosing ventilation equipment, the ventilation of all situations was required when so can both meet constructing tunnel, again might be used
To avoid selected ventilation equipment power excessive, and the wasting of resources for causing.
Preferably, in step d, the ventilation scheme stage by stage is to be grown according to speciality separating gas constructing tunnel driving
Spend to determine the draft type of employing, specifically include following aspect：
When d1, tunnel excavation enter hole length less than 1200m, using pressure system of ventilation；
When d2, tunnel excavation enter hole length more than 1200m, using ventilation by ducts system.
By taking different draft types according to constructing tunnel Excavation Length, so can avoid at the beginning of constructing tunnel
There is the situation for wasting ventilation resource in the phase, advantageously reduce construction ventilation cost.
Preferably, in step d1, the pressure system of ventilation includes being arranged on the axial flow blower of each tunnel portal
And ventilation duct, the air inlet of ventilation duct is connected with axial flow blower, and the air outlet of ventilation duct is located near the face in tunnel.Pass through
The fresh air outside hole is delivered near the face in tunnel using axial flow blower, so as to the gas near face is dilute rapidly
Release and import in time and discharge air-flow and discharge to outside hole, it is ensured that the well-ventilated in tunnel, construction safety.
Preferably, when excavation length is more than 800m, the pressure system of ventilation also includes being arranged in each tunnel
Jet blower, its air outlet is towards tunnel portal.Such mode is taken to pass through jet blower quickly by the dirt in hole
Turbid air is discharged to outside hole, accelerates the dilution rate of gas density, it is ensured that the well-ventilated in tunnel, construction safety.
Preferably, in step d2, the ventilation by ducts system is included in two axial flow blowers in air intake tunnel, its
It is arranged near the nearest Lateral Hole of face, wherein wind is delivered to air intake tunnel by an axial flow blower by ventilation duct
Face near, the ventilation duct being connected with another axial flow blower is through delivering to wind apart from the nearest Lateral Hole of face
Near the face in return air tunnel；Counter-rotating fan is provided with the Lateral Hole, its air outlet is towards return air tunnel；The tunnel
Inside also be interval with jet blower, wherein, the jet blower air outlet in air intake tunnel towards axial flow blower, in return air tunnel
Jet blower air outlet is towards tunnel portal.
Fresh air is delivered to into respectively air intake tunnel along ventilation duct by two axial flow blowers being arranged in air intake tunnel
Near the face in return air tunnel, so as to the gas near face be diluted rapidly；It is right by what is arranged in Lateral Hole
Cyclone cluster, the foul atmosphere near face in air intake tunnel is guided to behind return air tunnel, is arranged to outside hole with air-flow is discharged
Go out；Accelerate the mobility of gas in tunnel using jet blower simultaneously, fresh air outside hole is rapidly flowed toward in air intake tunnel,
The foul atmosphere in return air tunnel is set to rapidly flow toward outside hole, so as to ensure well-ventilated, the construction safety in tunnel.
Preferably, in step e, the condition of work of the Fritillaria wabuense and lock between air and electricity system is slapped according to real-time detection
Gas density and wind speed near sub- face specifically includes following aspect come what is set：
E1, when gas density >=0.4%, send sound and light alarm；
E2, when gas density >=0.5% or when any one in axial flow blower, counter-rotating fan quits work, or wind
During fast ＜ 0.5m/s, send control signal and realize tunnel power-off；
E3, when gas density ＜ 0.5% and when axial flow blower, counter-rotating fan are resumed work, stop control signal, releasing is closed
Lock, tunnel supplier of electricity can recover.
By the way that Fritillaria wabuense and lock between air and electricity system are arranged in tunnel and corresponding condition of work is set, so can be effective
The generation of gas explosion in tunnel accident is avoided, so as to ensure the safety of constructing tunnel personnel.
Preferably, the position of gas easily accumulation arranges portable blower in tunnel during construction.By the gas in tunnel during construction
Easily the position of accumulation arranges portable blower, is conducive to that the gas of these position accumulations is quickly mixed in the gas of flowing, it is to avoid watt
This constantly gathers and causes security incident.
Preferably, the Pedestrian Crosswalk and Lateral Hole during constructing tunnel to not installing ventilation equipment is carried out at temporary enclosed
Reason.Such mode is taken, is conducive to air intake tunnel and the return air tunnel gas for avoiding existing at Pedestrian Crosswalk and Lateral Hole
Body convection phenomena, the ventilation effect in whole tunnel is affected so as to cause local air flow disorderly.
Preferably, all of ventilation equipment select explosion-proof type product.By from explosion-proof type ventilation equipment, being conducive to keeping away
Exempt from equipment operationally to produce spark and cause gas explosion accident, so as to be further ensured that the safety of constructing tunnel personnel.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, the method calculates ventilation needed for gas tunnel construction and carries out plateau sky according to plateau separate tunnel feature
Suitable ventilation equipment are chosen after air tightness correction, the wasting of resources caused when ventilation equipment are chosen can be prevented effectively from；According to
Excavate Excavation Length and implement ventilation scheme stage by stage, it is ensured that wall-rock crack development plateau high methane tunnel ventilation effect after macroseism
Really, the gas density in tunnel is diluted, the effect with energy-saving and emission-reduction can be greatly reduced construction cost；By arranging wind-powered electricity generation
Locking and Fritillaria wabuense system, effectively reduce plateau high methane the risk of tunnel construction, so as to ensure the person peace of workmen
Entirely；
2nd, by taking different draft types according to constructing tunnel Excavation Length, enter hole length in tunnel excavation and be less than
During 1200m, using forced ventilation, the situation that there is waste ventilation resource at the constructing tunnel initial stage can be so avoided, favorably
In construction ventilation cost is reduced, when tunnel excavation enters hole length more than 1200m, using ventilation by ducts, and with tunnel
Driving moves forwards main ventilation blower, can shorten wind strip length, makes air feed effect more preferable；
3rd, it is by two axial flow blowers being arranged in air intake tunnel that fresh air edge is logical when using ventilation by ducts
Airduct is delivered to respectively near the face in air intake tunnel and return air tunnel, so as to the gas near face be diluted rapidly, is led to
The counter-rotating fan arranged in Lateral Hole is crossed, the foul atmosphere near face in air intake tunnel is guided to behind return air tunnel,
Discharge to outside hole with air-flow is discharged, while accelerating the mobility of gas in tunnel using jet blower, make fresh air outside hole
Rapidly flow toward in air intake tunnel, the foul atmosphere in return air tunnel is rapidly flowed toward outside hole, so as to the ventilation for ensureing tunnel is good
Good, construction safety；
Portable blower is arranged by the position of the easily accumulation of the gas in tunnel when the 4th, constructing, be conducive to by these position accumulations watt
This is quickly mixed in the gas of flowing, it is to avoid gas is constantly gathered and causes security incident；
Pedestrian Crosswalk and Lateral Hole when the 5, constructing to not installing ventilation equipment carries out temporary enclosed process or people's row is horizontal
Hole arranges unilateral gate, takes such mode, be conducive to avoiding the air intake tunnel that exists at Pedestrian Crosswalk and Lateral Hole and
Return air tunnel gas convection phenomena, the ventilation effect in whole tunnel is affected so as to cause local air flow disorderly.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the lock between air and electricity in the present invention and Fritillaria wabuense system arrangement schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the forced ventilation stage arrangement schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the ventilation by ducts stage arrangement schematic diagram in the present invention.
Mark in figure：1a- axial flow blowers one, 1b- axial flow blowers two, 2a- ventilation ducts one, 2b- ventilation ducts two, the left lines of 3a-
Tunnel, the right threaded list roads of 3b-, 4- Lateral Holes, 5- portable blowers, 6- chambers, 7- jet blowers, 8- enclosing walls, 9- faces, 10- people
The horizontal hole of row, 11- counter-rotating fans, the lining chassis of 12- bis-, hollow arrow represents fresh air flow direction, and filled arrows represent dirty
Air-flow direction.
Specific embodiment
With reference to test example and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should not be understood
Scope for above-mentioned theme of the invention is only limitted to below example, and all technologies realized based on present invention belong to this
The scope of invention.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is applied to after macroseism in plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel work progress.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method, using following steps：
Step a：According to plateau separate type super long tunnel feature and construction length, and separate tunnel Pedestrian Crosswalk and car
The horizontal hole characteristic distributions of row, are aerated calculating.Single separate tunnel in-cavity construction ventilation Air Quantity Required presses construction tunnel explosion
Smoke evacuation, plateau gas tunnel allows minimum wind speed, gas emission, most numbers for working simultaneously in hole and dilution in Tunnel
Calculated respectively using engine exhaust gas in Tunnel, finally choose maximum therein.By calculating logical respectively by various conditions
Air quantity, and using maximum therein as construction ventilation Air Quantity Required, in this, as the basis for choosing ventilation equipment, so both may be used
Required with the ventilation for meeting all situations during constructing tunnel, can avoid selected ventilation equipment power excessive again, and made
Into the wasting of resources.
Number is arranged according to electromechanical chamber in separate tunnel, tunnel electromechanics chamber Air Quantity Required, sector-style of going forward side by side cylinder is calculated
Leak out and lose air quantity amendment, finally choose tunnel ventilation Air Quantity Required.
Step b：The plateau elevation elevation according to residing for tunnel, to plateau tunnel atmospheric density calculating correction is carried out；To by step
Rapid a calculates the relevant parameter of construction Air Quantity Required and adjusts accordingly, and is carried out as follows according to highlands atmospheric density
Corresponding amendment.
Kρ=ρz/ρ0
K in formulaρ- air density correction coefficient；
ρz- height above sea level is atmospheric density at z；
ρ0- height above sea level is atmospheric density at 0, takes 1.20kg/m3。
Step c：According to plateau separate tunnel ventilation result of calculation, suitable plateau gas tunnel ventilation equipment are chosen.
On the basis of various ventilation equipment air quantity, blast is calculated, Jing after extremely frigid zones atmospheric density carries out related amendment, mark is scaled
Blast under quasi- state, and characteristic curve of fan is consulted, blower fan is chosen in the reasonable scope；According to tunnel excavation district location,
The jet blower for choose blower fan needed for tunnel tunnel face is excavated, the main blower fan of ventilation by ducts, accelerating ventilation speed in Tunnel
With portable blower needed for the chamber of local；Accelerate the inflow of fresh air and the discharge of methane gas from jet blower, in tunnel gas
Easily the position of accumulation, arranges portable blower for reducing gas density.
All of ventilation equipment select explosion-proof type product.By from explosion-proof type ventilation equipment, being conducive to avoiding equipment
Operationally produce spark and cause gas explosion accident, so as to be further ensured that the safety of constructing tunnel personnel.
Step d：The draft type of employing is determined according to speciality separating gas constructing tunnel Excavation Length, is specifically included
Following aspect：
When d1, tunnel excavation enter hole length less than 1200m, using pressure system of ventilation；
When d2, tunnel excavation enter hole length more than 1200m, using ventilation by ducts system.
As shown in figure 3, pressure system of ventilation is included in hole 30m of left threaded list road 3a and right threaded list road 3b or so respectively
Axial flow blower pedestal is set, and base top surface installs the 1a of axial flow blower one and axial flow blower two apart from ground level about 2m, on pedestal
1b, and it is respectively configured the 2a of spiral ventilation duct one and the 2b of ventilation duct two, dust diameter 1.5m, the 2a of ventilation duct one and the 2b of ventilation duct two
Air outlet be arranged near the face 9 in tunnel.In tunnel Pedestrian Crosswalk 10, Lateral Hole 4, chamber 6, dig section, two
Lining chassis 12, excavate the gas such as stand, reinforcing bar and waterproof stand and easily gather position fan 5 of setting a trap and reduce gas densities, portable blower 5 is arranged
Height is less than from the ground 1.5m, and adjusts the set location of portable blower 5 according to the specific position anemometry such as corner situation.According to tunnel
Wind speed measurement situation in hole, as tunnel excavation length increases, apart from tunnel portal 800m or so a jet wind is respectively being arranged
Machine 7, its air outlet is arranged on fixed pedestal towards tunnel portal, jet blower 7, and fixed pedestal highly should be big away from tunnel ground
In 2m.
As shown in figure 4, tunnel continues to excavate forward, when tunnel excavation enters hole length more than 1200m, progressively switch to tunnel
Formula ventilating system.Using Lateral Hole 4 and separate tunnel near tunnel portal 1200m, left threaded list road 3a is used as entering
Air way, right threaded list road 3b forms ventilation by ducts as return airway.Counter-rotating fan 11 is installed in the Lateral Hole 4, by left line
The foul atmosphere that face 9 is formed about in tunnel 3a is evacuated to right threaded list road 3b and discharges；Apart from counter-rotating fan in left threaded list road 3a
11 place Lateral Hole 60m are located proximate to Lateral Hole position and arrange the 1b of axial flow blower two, and the blower fan will by the 2b of ventilation duct two
Fresh air is pressed into the face 9 of right threaded list road 3b；Enclosing wall 8 is set in Lateral Hole 4, reserve the 2b of ventilation duct two and
Build the closing of lightweight concrete wall by laying bricks or stones in the installing hole of counter-rotating fan 11, remaining position.In the left threaded list road apart from Lateral Hole 30m positions
The 1a of axial flow blower one is set in 3a, and air intake lane fresh air is pressed into left threaded list road 3a and is excavated by the blower fan by the 2a of ventilation duct one
Near face 9.All of axial flow blower air feed distance should meet tunnel 1200m length Air Quantity Requireds；Simultaneously in left threaded list road
Accelerate fresh wind speed flowing toward tunnel tunnel face direction between left and right away from jet blower 7 is arranged in hole according to 800m in 3a；Right line
It is same in tunnel 3b that jet blower 7 is set according to 800m spacing from hole, accelerate foul atmosphere flowing to discharge hole toward outside Tunnel
Outward；And serve as a contrast chassis 12, dig section, chamber 6, reinforcing bar stand, splash guard stand etc. in tunnel Pedestrian Crosswalk 10, Lateral Hole 4, two
Gas easily gather position set a trap fan 5 reduce gas densities.
Fresh air is delivered to into respectively air intake tunnel along ventilation duct by two axial flow blowers being arranged in air intake tunnel
Near the face in return air tunnel, so as to the gas near face be diluted rapidly；It is right by what is arranged in Lateral Hole
Cyclone cluster, the foul atmosphere near face in air intake tunnel is guided to behind return air tunnel, is arranged to outside hole with air-flow is discharged
Go out；Accelerate the mobility of gas in tunnel using jet blower simultaneously, fresh air outside hole is rapidly flowed toward in air intake tunnel,
The foul atmosphere in return air tunnel is set to rapidly flow toward outside hole, so as to ensure well-ventilated, the construction safety in tunnel.
As tunnel continues to tunnel forward, according to the Lateral Hole in front of every driving 1200m or so re-usings, by tunnel
Counter-rotating fan 11 and the neighbouring 1a of axial flow blower one, the 1b of axial flow blower two in formula ventilation Lateral Hole moves forward to the garage
Horizontal hole, forms new ventilation by ducts, and still as air intake lane, right threaded list road is used as return airway in left threaded list road；Still from tunnel portal
According to 800m distances, jet blower 7 is set, gas easily the Pedestrian Crosswalk of accumulation, Lateral Hole, two lining chassis, dig section, chamber,
The positions such as excavation stand, reinforcing bar stand are set a trap and fan 5 reduction gas densities, and strengthen gas density in Tunnel, air monitoring.
In the present embodiment, because Lateral Hole and Pedestrian Crosswalk are more in separate tunnel hole, to guarantee ventilation by ducts
Effect, the Lateral Hole and Pedestrian Crosswalk to not installing ventilation blower carries out temporary enclosed or Pedestrian Crosswalk arranges unilateral gate.Take
Such mode, is conducive to avoiding the air intake tunnel existed at Pedestrian Crosswalk and Lateral Hole and return air tunnel gaseous exchange from showing
As affecting the ventilation effect in whole tunnel so as to cause local air flow disorderly.
Step e：Develop for gas tunnel wall-rock crack in plateau after macroseism, methane accumulation feature is easily formed, to prevent
Ventilation failure, gas exceeding limit cause gas explosion, and lock between air and electricity and Fritillaria wabuense system are arranged in tunnel.As shown in Fig. 2 dividing
Lay monitoring signal cable in formula tunnel or so threaded list road hole, separate tunnel each excavate scope of operation and be respectively provided with methane sensing
Device, air velocity transducer, are respectively used to real-time detection gas density and face wind speed；Jet blower and counter-rotating fan monitoring are adopted
1～5mA current mode equipment on/off transducers, by analog signal processing.When gas density >=0.4%, firedamp sensor is sent out immediately
Go out sound and light alarm；When gas density >=0.5% or when any one in axial flow blower, counter-rotating fan quits work, or wind
During fast ＜ 0.5m/s, Monitor Sub-Station of Less sends control signal and realizes automatically powering off；When gas density ＜ 0.5% and axial flow blower, right
When cyclone cluster is resumed work, stop control signal, unlocking in inspection Tunnel after safety, can restore electricity.
By the way that Fritillaria wabuense and lock between air and electricity system are arranged in tunnel and corresponding condition of work is set, so can be effective
The generation of gas explosion in tunnel accident is avoided, so as to ensure the safety of constructing tunnel personnel.
The method calculates ventilation needed for gas tunnel construction and carries out plateau air according to plateau separate tunnel feature
Suitable ventilation equipment are chosen after density correction, the wasting of resources caused when ventilation equipment are chosen can be prevented effectively from；According to opening
Dig Excavation Length and implement ventilation scheme stage by stage, in the tunnel primary excavation stage forced ventilation is adopted, with the driving in tunnel it is abundant
The ventilation by ducts of energy-conservation is formed using separate tunnel Lateral Hole, explosion-proof jet blower is set and portable blower is accelerated wind in hole
Speed, dilutes gas density, and as the main ventilation equipment of ventilation by ducts are progressively moved in the increase of tunnel excavation length.Using this point
Stage method of ventilation, it is ensured that after macroseism wall-rock crack development plateau high methane tunnel ventilation effect, dilute in tunnel watt
This concentration, the effect with energy-saving and emission-reduction can be greatly reduced construction cost；By arranging lock between air and electricity and Fritillaria wabuense system,
Plateau high methane the risk of tunnel construction is effectively reduced, so as to ensure the personal safety of workmen.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to limit the present invention, all originals in the present invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement for being made within reason etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, calculating construction ventilation of tunnel Air Quantity Required；
B, according to residing for tunnel plateau elevation elevation, calculating correction is carried out to tunnel air density；
C, according to ventilation Air Quantity Required result of calculation, choose suitable plateau gas tunnel ventilation equipment；
D, ventilation scheme stage by stage is determined according to tunnel piercing length；
Fritillaria wabuense and lock between air and electricity system are set in e, tunnel and condition of work is set.
2. plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step
In rapid a, respectively by construction tunnel explosion smoke evacuation, allow minimum wind speed, gas emission, in hole simultaneously most numbers of work and
Dilution calculates construction ventilation of tunnel Air Quantity Required using engine exhaust gas in hole, and chooses maximum therein.
3. plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step
In rapid d, the ventilation scheme stage by stage is determining the ventilation of employing according to speciality separating gas constructing tunnel Excavation Length
Mode, specifically includes following aspect：
When d1, tunnel excavation enter hole length less than 1200m, using pressure system of ventilation；
When d2, tunnel excavation enter hole length more than 1200m, using ventilation by ducts system.
4. plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in step
In rapid d1, the pressure system of ventilation includes being arranged on the axial flow blower and ventilation duct of each tunnel portal, and ventilation duct enters
Air port is connected with axial flow blower, and the air outlet of ventilation duct is located near the face in tunnel.
5. plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that when opening
When digging length more than 800m, the pressure system of ventilation also includes the jet blower being arranged in each tunnel, its air outlet
Towards tunnel portal.
6. plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in step
In rapid d2, the ventilation by ducts system is included in two axial flow blowers in air intake tunnel, and it is arranged on apart from face most
It is and another wherein an axial flow blower is delivered to wind near the face in air intake tunnel by ventilation duct near near Lateral Hole
One connected ventilation duct of axial flow blower passes through the face that wind is delivered to return air tunnel apart from the nearest Lateral Hole of face
Near；Counter-rotating fan is provided with the Lateral Hole, its air outlet is towards return air tunnel；Jet is also interval with the tunnel
Blower fan, wherein, the jet blower air outlet in air intake tunnel is towards axial flow blower, the jet blower air outlet court in return air tunnel
To tunnel portal.
7. plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step
In rapid e, the condition of work of the Fritillaria wabuense and lock between air and electricity system is according to the gas density near real-time detection face
Set with wind speed, specifically include following aspect：
E1, when gas density >=0.4%, send sound and light alarm；
E2, when gas density >=0.5% or when any one in axial flow blower, counter-rotating fan quits work, or wind speed ＜
During 0.5m/s, send control signal and realize tunnel power-off；
E3, when gas density ＜ 0.5% and when axial flow blower, counter-rotating fan are resumed work, stop control signal, unlocking,
Tunnel service restoration.
8. the plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method according to one of claim 1-7, its feature exists
In the position of gas easily accumulation arranges portable blower in tunnel during construction.
9. the plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method according to one of claim 1-7, its feature exists
In the Pedestrian Crosswalk and Lateral Hole during constructing tunnel to not installing ventilation equipment carries out temporary enclosed process.
10. the plateau high methane speciality separate tunnel construction ventilation method according to one of claim 1-7, its feature exists
In all of ventilation equipment select explosion-proof type product.
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| CN111219203A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-02 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Gas discharge system of supplementary gallery |
| CN111365056A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-03 | 中铁五局集团有限公司 | Staged ventilation method based on complex cavern group construction |
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| NO20220744A1 (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-01 | Lars Hov | Method for building tunnels, isolation plugs for use with the method, and use of the isolation plugs |
| WO2024005652A1 (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | Lars Hov | Method for building tunnels, isolation plugs for use with the method, and use of the isolation plugs |
| CN115828403A (en) * | 2023-02-16 | 2023-03-21 | 西南交通大学 | Multi-branch tunnel network air demand calculation system and calculation method |
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