CN106591543A - 模具的热处理方法 - Google Patents

模具的热处理方法 Download PDF

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CN106591543A
CN106591543A CN201611145562.0A CN201611145562A CN106591543A CN 106591543 A CN106591543 A CN 106591543A CN 201611145562 A CN201611145562 A CN 201611145562A CN 106591543 A CN106591543 A CN 106591543A
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nitriding
heat treatment
treatment method
mould
hours
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袁玮骏
黄名兴
唐绍淼
罗丙球
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LIUZHOU TONGWEI MACHINERY Co Ltd
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LIUZHOU TONGWEI MACHINERY Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/32Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24Nitriding
    • C23C8/26Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/36Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
    • C23C8/38Treatment of ferrous surfaces

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种热处理方法,具体涉及一种用于汽车模具的热处理方法,包括以下步骤:(1)等温球化退火;(2)将空冷后的模具重置于真空加热炉内进行二次分级淬火;(3)二次淬火后的模具高温回火;(4)将回火后的模具放在离子氮化炉中通入渗氮气源进行离子渗氮,保温2~4小时后关闭渗氮气源并通入空气进行低压氧化;(5)将渗氮后的磨具低压缓冷至室温。本发明使用甲烷和氩气交错作为渗氮气源,能有效的缩短生产周期,降低了模具的表面脆性;低压氧化工序把传统的渗氮及氧化工艺结合起来,简化了生产工艺,缩短了处理时间。

Description

模具的热处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热处理方法,具体涉及一种用于汽车模具的热处理方法。
背景技术
汽车生产需要多种模具,大多生产模具具有型面复杂、强度高、加工精度要求较高等特点,如模具热处理形成的残余应力过大极易造成使用过程中变形,不仅影响整副模具的使用寿命,还会造成生产出的汽车配件承受的荷载不均匀,使生产出的配件存在易开裂、起皱等缺陷,更对汽车的安全驾驶及使用寿命都会造成极大的影响。影响当前模具生产工艺的原因是热处理技术的不稳定及不成熟,不仅使得汽车配件的生产成本高,且机床承载负荷不均、返工率高,制约了汽车生产行业的发展。
发明内容
针对以上技术问题,本发明公开了一种模具的热处理方法,能提高模具的均匀荷载能力,从而有效延长模具的使用寿命及提高汽车配件的质量。
对此,本发明的技术方案为:
模具的热处理方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将加工好的模具进行加热至750~850℃,保温3~4小时,快速冷却至650~750℃,保温4~5小时,缓冷至500℃,然后快冷至300℃出炉空冷;
(2)将空冷后的模具重置于真空加热炉内,进行二次分级淬火,其中,一次分级淬火为:温度为950~1000℃,淬火时间为3~5小时;二次分级淬火为:温度为1200℃,时间为2~4小时;
(3)二次淬火后的模具在520~540℃进行高温回火5~6小时;
(4)将回火后的模具放在离子氮化炉中通入渗氮气源进行离子渗氮,保温2~4小时后关闭渗氮气源并通入空气进行低压氧化;
(5)将渗氮后的磨具低压缓冷至室温。
优选的,步骤(4)中,所述渗氮气源为甲烷和氩气。
优选的,离子渗氮保温采用甲烷气氛升温至570~580℃,保温1~2小时;通入氩气,保温1~2小时。
优选的,保温过程中,通气流速为:甲烷:0.2~0.4L/min,氩气:0.1~0.3L/min;压力为200~400Pa。
优选的,步骤(4)中,低压氧化的空气流量为0.1~0.2 L/min,压力100~200Pa,保温1~2小时。
优选的,步骤(5)中,低压缓冷的压力为100~300Pa。
本发明具有的优点为:
1、退火采用等温球化退火,使模具中的碳化物球状化或呈颗粒状,具有周期短,球化组织均匀、质量容易控制等优点,冷却后不易变形、开裂;
2、采用二次分级淬火,细化了模具内部组织,形成稳定的机构;
3、高温回火保证了后续的渗氮工艺时,模具不发生变形;
4、离子渗氮使用甲烷和氩气交错作为渗氮气源,氮化温度较高,渗速较快,能有效的缩短生产周期,含有碳的气氛还可降低模具表面的氮化脆性,且氩气的加入具有使辉光收缩的作用,易使模具的孔隙、沟槽渗氮,提高模具的整体氮化效果;
5、渗氮后期融合了低压氧化工序,既能保证模具具有足够的硬度,还能在模具表面形成氧化膜,能有效降低模具的表面脆性,把传统的渗氮及氧化工艺结合起来,简化了生产工艺,缩短了处理时间。
具体实施方式
现通过实施例作进一步说明。
实施例一
模具的热处理方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将加工好的模具进行加热至800℃,保温4小时,快速冷却至700℃,保温4小时,缓冷至500℃,然后快冷至300℃出炉空冷;
(2)将空冷后的模具重置于真空加热炉内,进行二次分级淬火,其中,一次分级淬火为:温度为950℃,淬火时间为5小时;二次分级淬火为:温度为1200℃,时间为2小时;
(3)二次淬火后的模具在520℃进行高温回火6小时;
(4)将回火后的模具放在离子氮化炉中,通入甲烷作为渗氮气源升温580℃,保温2小时,通气流速为0.4L/min;通入氩气,保温2小时,通气流速为0.3L/min,压力为200~400Pa,后关闭渗氮气源并通入空气进行低压氧化,空气流量为0.1 L/min,压力100~200Pa,保温2小时;
(5)将渗氮后的磨具于100~300Pa压力低压缓冷至室温。
实施例二
模具的热处理方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将加工好的模具进行加热至8℃,保温3小时,快速冷却至650℃,保温5小时,缓冷至500℃,然后快冷至300℃出炉空冷;
(2)将空冷后的模具重置于真空加热炉内,进行二次分级淬火,其中,一次分级淬火为:温度为980℃,淬火时间为4小时;二次分级淬火为:温度为1200℃,时间为2~4小时;
(3)二次淬火后的模具在540℃进行高温回火5小时;
(4)将回火后的模具放在离子氮化炉中,通入甲烷作为渗氮气源升温570℃,保温1.5小时,通气流速为0.2L/min;通入氩气,保温2小时,通气流速为0.1L/min,压力为300~400Pa,后关闭渗氮气源并通入空气进行低压氧化,空气流量为0.2 L/min,压力150~200Pa,保温2小时;
(5)将渗氮后的磨具于200~300Pa压力低压缓冷至室温。

Claims (6)

1.模具的热处理方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将加工好的模具进行加热至750~850℃,保温3~4小时,快速冷却至650~750℃,保温4~5小时,缓冷至500℃,然后快冷至300℃出炉空冷;
(2)将空冷后的模具重置于真空加热炉内,进行二次分级淬火,其中,一次分级淬火为:温度为950~1000℃,淬火时间为3~5小时;二次分级淬火为:温度为1200℃,时间为2~4小时;
(3)二次淬火后的模具在520~540℃进行高温回火5~6小时;
(4)将回火后的模具放在离子氮化炉中通入渗氮气源进行离子渗氮,保温2~4小时后关闭渗氮气源并通入空气进行低压氧化;
(5)将渗氮后的磨具低压缓冷至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述渗氮气源为甲烷和氩气。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热处理方法,其特征在于,离子渗氮保温采用甲烷气氛升温至570~580℃,保温1~2小时;通入氩气,保温1~2小时。
4.根据权利要求3所述的热处理方法,其特征在于,保温过程中,通气流速为:甲烷:0.2~0.4L/min,氩气:0.1~0.3L/min;压力为200~400Pa。
5.根据权利要求1所述的热处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,低压氧化的空气流量为0.1~0.2 L/min,压力100~200Pa,保温1~2小时。
6.根据权利要求1所述的热处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,低压缓冷的压力为100~300Pa。
CN201611145562.0A 2016-12-13 2016-12-13 模具的热处理方法 Pending CN106591543A (zh)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107234200A (zh) * 2017-07-13 2017-10-10 安徽众鑫科技股份有限公司 一种单轨产品用合金模锻方法
CN107470629A (zh) * 2017-08-30 2017-12-15 湖南顶立科技有限公司 一种增材构件热处理工艺
CN107937698A (zh) * 2017-12-25 2018-04-20 合肥南方汽车零部件有限公司 一种金属铸件用45钢模具的热处理工艺
CN108251625A (zh) * 2018-01-30 2018-07-06 富甲电子(昆山)有限公司 一种制备压铸模具的防变形工艺控制方法
CN108866283A (zh) * 2018-07-21 2018-11-23 安徽启慧信息科技有限公司 一种汽车制造用挤压模具的表面处理方法
CN113462858A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2021-10-01 荆州环球汽车零部件制造有限公司 一种使用离子氮化炉进行真空去应力退火的方法
CN113913834A (zh) * 2021-10-25 2022-01-11 杭州汉派模具科技有限公司 一种环模复合硬化工艺

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CN102605157A (zh) * 2012-04-24 2012-07-25 山东交通职业学院 汽车车身冲压模具的热处理方法
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107234200A (zh) * 2017-07-13 2017-10-10 安徽众鑫科技股份有限公司 一种单轨产品用合金模锻方法
CN107470629A (zh) * 2017-08-30 2017-12-15 湖南顶立科技有限公司 一种增材构件热处理工艺
CN107937698A (zh) * 2017-12-25 2018-04-20 合肥南方汽车零部件有限公司 一种金属铸件用45钢模具的热处理工艺
CN107937698B (zh) * 2017-12-25 2019-02-01 合肥南方汽车零部件有限公司 一种金属铸件用45钢模具的热处理工艺
CN108251625A (zh) * 2018-01-30 2018-07-06 富甲电子(昆山)有限公司 一种制备压铸模具的防变形工艺控制方法
CN108866283A (zh) * 2018-07-21 2018-11-23 安徽启慧信息科技有限公司 一种汽车制造用挤压模具的表面处理方法
CN113462858A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2021-10-01 荆州环球汽车零部件制造有限公司 一种使用离子氮化炉进行真空去应力退火的方法
CN113913834A (zh) * 2021-10-25 2022-01-11 杭州汉派模具科技有限公司 一种环模复合硬化工艺

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Application publication date: 20170426