CN106590572B - Composite surfactant composition for displacement of reservoir oil of hypersalinity - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite surfactant composition and application thereof, and mainly solves the problem that the surfactant has poor oil displacement efficiency in the tertiary oil recovery process of a high-salinity oil reservoir. The composite surfactant composition comprises an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant, wherein the molar ratio of the anionic surfactant to the cationic surfactant is 1 (0.01-100), the cationic surfactant is at least one selected from quaternary ammonium compounds, and the anionic surfactant is represented by a molecular general formula shown in a formula (I), wherein M is1、M2Are independently selected from any one of ammonium ions or alkali metal ions, and R is H, C1～C20The technical scheme of any one of the aliphatic group or the aromatic group better solves the problem and can be used in the tertiary oil recovery process of the high-salinity oil field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite surfactant composition suitable for displacement of reservoir oil of a hypersalinity reservoir.
Background
With the increase of world energy demand, the reasonable development and utilization of petroleum have attracted great attention of people, and the requirements on the production quantity and the production efficiency of petroleum are higher and higher. The method realizes the efficient exploitation of oil and gas resources, and has practical significance and important strategic significance for improving the yield of crude oil. Conventional oil recovery methods (primary and secondary methods) generally produce only 1/3, which is the geological reserve of crude oil, and also no 2/3, of crude oil, so that increasing oil recovery has become a major issue in oil recovery research under the situation of increasing energy shortage. Tertiary oil recovery techniques are effective methods for increasing oil recovery and can be divided into four categories: the first is thermal flooding, including steam flooding, in-situ combustion and the like; second, miscible flooding, comprising CO2Miscible phase, hydrocarbon miscible phase and other inert gas miscible phase flooding; thirdly, chemical flooding; and fourthly, microbial oil recovery, including biopolymer and microbial surfactant flooding. Chemical flooding is used in enhanced oil recoveryTechniques that are often important and implemented on a large scale include polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, alkali water flooding, and the like, as well as various combinations of polymer, alkali, and surfactant technologies. The chemical flooding effect is the result of physical action, which is the sweeping action of the displacement fluid, and chemical action, which is the microscopic displacement action of the displacement fluid. The core of the chemical action is to reduce the interfacial tension of the displacement fluid and the crude oil. The surfactant has both oleophilic (hydrophobic) and hydrophilic (oleophobic) properties, so that when the surfactant is dissolved in water, molecules are mainly distributed on an oil-water interface, and the oil-water interface tension can be remarkably reduced. The reduction of the oil-water interfacial tension means that the surfactant system can overcome the cohesive force among the crude oil and disperse large oil drops into small oil drops, thereby improving the passing rate of the crude oil when the crude oil flows through the pore throat. The oil displacement effect of the surfactant is also shown in the effects of reversing the wettability of the oleophilic rock surface, emulsifying crude oil, improving the surface charge density, merging oil drops and the like, which is the reason why the surfactant plays a significant role in the chemical flooding technology.
At present, the surfactant for tertiary oil recovery mostly adopts a multi-component compound system, simultaneously comprises a non-ionic surfactant and an ionic surfactant, and auxiliary agents such as alkali, alcohol and the like are added into part of the formula. For example, patent CN101024764A provides a surfactant for heavy oil wells in oil fields, which is composed of water, caustic soda flakes, ethanol, oleic acid, alkylphenol ethoxylates and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. For another example, patent CN1458219A discloses a surfactant polymer pure binary ultra-low interfacial tension composite flooding formulation for tertiary oil recovery, wherein the used surfactant is petroleum sulfonate or a composite surfactant prepared by mixing petroleum sulfonate as a main agent, a diluent and other surfactants, and the weight percentages of the components are 50-100% of petroleum sulfonate, 0-50% of alkyl sulfonate, 0-50% of carboxylate, 0-35% of alkyl aryl sulfonate and 0-20% of low carbon alcohol. For another example, patent CN1394935 discloses a chemical oil-displacing agent, which mainly comprises sodium octyl benzene sulfonate anionic surfactant, surfactant adjuvant, surfactant synergist, and surfactant solubilizer. The oil displacement agent can obviously reduce the structural viscosity of the thickened oil and can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension, thereby improving the crude oil recovery rate.
However, the surfactant for tertiary oil recovery still has more problems, mainly including poor activity of the surfactant and low oil displacement efficiency, and meanwhile, the produced fluid is difficult to demulsify and the sewage treatment is difficult because the surfactant system is too complex; in addition, the oil displacement system contains inorganic base, which causes damage to stratum and oil well and causes corrosion to equipment and pipelines, and the inorganic base can seriously reduce the viscosity of the polymer, so that the use concentration of the polymer can be greatly improved to reach the required viscosity, and the comprehensive cost of oil extraction is improved; surfactants have limited ability to resist high temperatures, high salt, and hypersalinity.
As is well known, anionic surfactants such as petroleum sulfonate, petroleum carboxylate, alkylbenzene sulfonate and the like are currently used in tertiary oil recovery in large quantities, while single cationic surfactants are not generally used in tertiary oil recovery because they are easily adsorbed by the formation or precipitate, and thus have poor ability to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. When the anionic and cationic surfactants are mixed in approximately equal proportion, the aqueous solution of the anionic and cationic surfactants is easy to form precipitate, so that the anionic and cationic surfactant mixed system is not only contraindicated in the application, but also lags in the related theoretical research. In recent years, researches show that the aqueous solution of the anionic and cationic surfactant mixed system has many abnormal properties, for example, the strong electrostatic action and the interaction between hydrophobic carbon chains exist in the aqueous solution of the anionic and cationic surfactant, the association between two kinds of surfactant ions with different charges is promoted, micelles are easily formed in the solution, and the surface activity is higher than that of a single surfactant. In addition, the mixed system of the cationic surfactant and the anionic surfactant can obviously reduce the adsorption loss of the cationic surfactant on the rock core, thereby obviously reducing the inherent defects of the cationic surfactant.
Research by the Scoring military et al (see 2000, 2, 30, volume, 1, university of northwest, university, journal of science, edition, 28-31) suggests that a mixed system of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) has a solubilizing effect. In the process of oil exploitation, oil displacement can be realized by utilizing solubilization, and oil adhered to rock formation sand is washed down, so that the oil recovery rate is improved. The Huanghong Kong et al (No. 4 of volume 29 of 8 month of 2007, 101-104) researches the interfacial tension of a complex system of anionic surfactants such as petroleum sulfonate, petroleum carboxylate, alkylbenzene sulfonate and the like, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and alkali and draws the following conclusion: the addition of cationic surfactant improves the interfacial activity of petroleum carboxylate, alkylbenzene sulfonate and petroleum sulfonate.
The research results show that the anionic and cationic surfactant composite system has certain effects on reducing the oil-water interfacial tension and improving the oil displacement efficiency. However, the research result of the former shows that the interface performance still needs to be improved, and the latter still adopts alkali in the system, so that the problems of damage to stratum and oil well, corrosion to equipment and pipelines, difficult demulsification and the like caused by alkali cannot be avoided. In addition, the system is easy to generate precipitate, and is not beneficial to practical application.
Therefore, on one hand, the invention takes the reference of the research results of the former people on the mixed system of the anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant, on the other hand, the alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate anionic surfactant has hydrocarbon chains with different lengths, two negative charge centers and middle ether bonds for connection, the tolerance to the concentration of divalent metal ions in an oil reservoir is enhanced, the alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate anionic surfactant is adopted to replace the traditional anionic surfactant, the interfacial activity of the surfactant composite system is improved, the invention is suitable for the tertiary recovery technology of high salinity oil reservoirs (20000-200000 mg/L NaCl), and the anionic surfactant and cationic surfactant composite surfactant composition for improving the crude oil recovery rate is invented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing surfactant is poor in oil displacement efficiency in the tertiary oil recovery process of a high-salinity oil reservoir (ion concentration of 20000-200000 mg/L), and meanwhile, an oil displacement system contains inorganic base, so that the problem that damage is caused to a stratum and an oil well, equipment and pipelines are corroded, and demulsification is difficult is solved.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a surfactant composition corresponding to the first technical problem.
The invention also solves the technical problem of providing a surfactant composition for tertiary oil recovery.
In order to solve one of the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a composite surfactant composition comprises an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant, wherein the molar ratio of the anionic surfactant to the cationic surfactant is 1 (0.01-100), the cationic surfactant is selected from one of quaternary ammonium compounds, and the anionic surfactant is represented by a molecular general formula shown in a formula (I):
wherein M is1、M2Are independently selected from any one of ammonium ions or alkali metal ions, and R is H, C1～C20Any one of the aliphatic group and the aromatic group of (1).
In the above technical solution, the cationic surfactant is at least one selected from quaternary ammonium compounds, and may be quaternary ammonium compound surfactants commonly used in the art, such as quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary ammonium base, and the like, and may be used in the present invention, preferably, the cationic surfactant is at least one selected from tetraalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, and the hydrocarbyl group is any one selected from saturated alkyl group, alkylene group, and aryl group; more preferably at least one of tetraalkylammonium salts.
In the technical scheme, the total number of carbon atoms in the cationic surfactant molecule is preferably 4-60.
In the above technical solution, the tetraalkylammonium salt is more preferably at least one selected from the molecular structures represented by formula (II):
wherein R is1、R2Is independently selected from C1～C22One of the hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl of (A), R3、R4Is independently selected from C1～C5The aliphatic hydrocarbon group or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group of (1); y is selected from the group consisting of anions which render the molecule of the formula (II) electrically neutral, j_The valence of Y is shown, and 1/j is the number of Y.
In the above technical solution, as a preferred solution: r1、R2Is independently selected from C1～C22One of the alkyl group and the substituted alkyl group of (1); r3、R4Is independently selected from C1～C5Alkyl or substituted alkyl of (a).
In the above technical solution, as a preferred solution: y is selected from at least one of a halogen ion, a sulfate ion, a nitrate ion, a phosphate ion, a polyanion, and the like, more preferably from a halogen ion, and even more preferably from a chloride ion or a bromide ion.
In the above technical scheme, the substituent in the substituted alkyl group, the substituted aliphatic alkyl group, and the substituted alkyl group may be a substituent commonly used in the chemical field, such as hydroxyl, phenyl, halogen, and the like.
In the above technical scheme, the cation M in the anionic surfactant1、M2Are all independently selected from any one of alkali metal ions, further M1、M2Preferably selected from any one of the same alkali metal ions.
In the above technical scheme, R is H, C1～C20The aliphatic group or the aromatic group of (1), wherein the aliphatic group or the aromatic group may contain acyl, carbonyl, ether, hydroxyl and other groups, and may be a saturated carbon chain or an unsaturated carbon chain; as a preferred embodiment R is preferably H, C10～C20A hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group of (a); the substituents may be those conventional in chemistry, such as hydroxy, phenyl, halogenEtc., further R is preferably H, C10～C20Alkyl, alkenyl or aryl radicals.
In the technical scheme, the preferable range of the molar ratio of the cationic surfactant to the anionic-nonionic surfactant is 1 (0.01-100).
To solve the second technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: one of the technical problems is that the preparation method of the compound surfactant composition comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving an anionic surfactant in water to obtain a solution I;
(2) dissolving a cationic surfactant in water to obtain a solution II;
(3) respectively dissolving an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant in water, and uniformly mixing according to a molar ratio of 1 (0.01-100) to obtain the surfactant composition.
To solve the third technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the technical problem is that the composite surfactant composition of any technical scheme is applied to tertiary oil recovery.
In the above technical solution, the application method can be utilized by those skilled in the art according to the surfactant flooding method in the prior art, and there is no special requirement, for example but not limited to, injecting the composite surfactant composition in the form of aqueous solution into the reservoir formation to contact with the underground crude oil, and displacing the underground crude oil; wherein in the aqueous solution of the composite surfactant composition, the concentration of the composite surfactant composition is 0.01-0.5% by mass of the total mass of the cationic surfactant and the anionic surfactant.
In the technical scheme, the composite surfactant composition is particularly suitable for oil displacement of high-salinity oil reservoirs, namely oil displacement of oil reservoirs with the mineralization degree of 20000-200000 mg/L.
On one hand, the compound surfactant composition has strong electrostatic attraction between opposite charge polar groups of the anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant, so that the adsorption capacity of surfactant molecules on an interface is increased, the critical micelle concentration is obviously reduced, and the compound surfactant composition has high surface activity which is incomparable with a single surfactant; meanwhile, due to the ultrahigh interfacial activity of the composite surfactant, the aqueous solution of the composite surfactant can form ultralow interfacial tension with crude oil, so that the cohesion among the crude oil is effectively overcome, the crude oil can flow out easily, and the oil displacement efficiency is greatly improved. On the other hand, the composite surfactant composition can change the wettability of the surface of an oil layer, for example, a cationic surfactant in the composition is desorbed by the interaction with a negatively charged group adsorbed on the surface of a solid, so that the oil-wetted surface is changed into a neutral-wetted or water-wetted surface, the adhesion work of crude oil on the solid surface is reduced, and the stripping of the crude oil is facilitated. Meanwhile, the mixed solution of the anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant has a solubilization effect on crude oil, so that crude oil adhered to rock formation sand can be further washed down, and the crude oil recovery rate is improved.
The composite surfactant composition adopted in the tertiary oil recovery process has the advantages of high interfacial activity: the composite surfactant composition can still form 10 with underground crude oil under the condition that the dosage is 0.01-0.05 wt%-3～10-4An ultra-low interfacial tension of mN/m; the salt resistance is good: the composite surfactant composition can still achieve ultra-low interfacial tension under the condition of a hypersalinity oil reservoir (20000-200000 mg/LNaCl); the surfactant composition system is simple: because the system does not contain inorganic base, the problems of damage to the stratum, corrosion to equipment and demulsification difficulty caused by the damage to the stratum and the corrosion to the equipment in field application are solved, and a better technical effect is achieved.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Detailed Description
[ example 1a ]
Respectively dissolving sodium octadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride surfactant in water, stirring for 30 minutes to prepare 0.1 percent by weight aqueous solution, and then uniformly mixing the surfactants according to the molar ratio of anion to cation surfactant of 1:0.5 to obtain the composite surfactant composition 1 a.
[ example 2a ]
Respectively dissolving sodium hexadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride surfactant in water, stirring for 30 minutes to prepare 0.1 wt% aqueous solution, and then uniformly mixing the surfactants according to the molar ratio of anion to cation surfactant of 1:2 to obtain the composite surfactant composition 2 a.
[ example 3a ]
The sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and the octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant are respectively dissolved in water, stirred for 30 minutes to prepare 0.1 percent by weight aqueous solution, and then the surfactants are uniformly mixed according to the molar ratio of 1:6 of anion to cation surfactants to obtain the compound surfactant composition 3 a.
[ example 4a ]
Respectively dissolving potassium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride surfactants in water, stirring for 30 minutes to prepare 0.1 percent wt aqueous solution, and then uniformly mixing the surfactants according to the molar ratio of anion to cation surfactants of 1:1.2 to obtain the composite surfactant composition 4 a.
[ example 5a ]
The sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride surfactant are respectively dissolved in water, stirred for 30 minutes to prepare 0.1 percent by weight aqueous solution, and then the surfactants are uniformly mixed according to the molar ratio of anion to cation surfactant of 1:0.8 to obtain the composite surfactant composition 5 a.
[ example 6a ]
Respectively dissolving sodium hexadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and a hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride surfactant in water, stirring for 30 minutes to prepare a 0.1 wt% aqueous solution, and then uniformly mixing the surfactants according to the molar ratio of anion to cation surfactant of 1:10 to obtain the composite surfactant composition 6 a.
[ example 7a ]
Respectively dissolving sodium hexadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride surfactant in water, stirring for 30 minutes to prepare 0.1 percent by weight aqueous solution, and then uniformly mixing the surfactants according to the molar ratio of anion to cation surfactant of 1:0.4 to obtain the composite surfactant composition 7 a.
[ example 8a ]
Respectively dissolving sodium hexadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride surfactant in water, stirring for 30 minutes to prepare 0.1 wt% aqueous solution, and then uniformly mixing the surfactants according to the molar ratio of anion to cation surfactant of 1:3 to obtain the composite surfactant composition 8 a.
[ example 9a ] interfacial Property test of composite surfactant composition
The interfacial tension between the composite surfactant composition and the oil-water interface of a certain domestic oil field is measured by a TX-500C rotary drop interfacial tension meter. The measuring temperature is 30-90 ℃, the mineralization degree of the used water is 20000-200000 mg/L NaCl, the density of the crude oil is 0.92g/ml, and the viscosity is 8.6 mp.s. The dosage of the composite surfactant composition is 0.1 wt%.
TABLE 1a oil-water interfacial tension of composite surfactant compositions
As can be seen from Table 1a, the composite surfactants prepared in examples 1a to 8a have good interfacial properties, good salt tolerance of the system and good applicability to hypersalinity oil reservoirs.
The composite surfactant prepared in example 4a was formulated to different concentrations and tested for oil-water interfacial tension with the oil field at 50 ℃ and 30000mg/L NaCl mineralization, respectively, the results are shown in Table 2 a.
TABLE 2a surfactant composition 4a oil-water interfacial tension at different concentrations
| Amount of surfactant (% wt) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Interfacial tension (milli-cow/meter) | 0.0041 | 0.0030 | 0.0013 | 0.0009 | 0.0014 | 0.0031 |
The results show that the composite surfactant composition has high oil-water interfacial activity on the crude oil in the oil field, and can still keep good interfacial efficiency under low concentration.
[ example 10a ] core displacement experiment with composite surfactant composition solution
The natural core is used for carrying out a displacement experiment, the core length is 5.38cm, the diameter is 2.50cm, the permeability is 2.47mD, the porosity is 18.4 percent, and the crude oil saturation is 60 percent. The degree of mineralization of the water used was 35000mg/L NaCl, the experimental temperature was 60 ℃. The surfactant composition 1a is used as a displacement medium, the use concentration is 0.1 percent by weight, the displacement speed is 0.04mL/min, and the recovery ratio of primary water flooding 10PV is 30 percent; then 0.1 percent wt of surfactant composition 1a solution is adopted for flooding injection into 10PV, and the recovery ratio is improved by 18 percent. The composite surfactant composition can obviously improve the recovery rate of crude oil in an oil field.
[ COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1b ]
According to methods of 5 th, p437-442, chenjie and the like, volume 16 of 10.2010, Shanghai university newspaper, sodium dodecyl carboxylate and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactant are respectively dissolved in water, stirred for 30 minutes to prepare 0.1 wt% aqueous solution, and then the surfactants are uniformly mixed according to the molar ratio of anion to cation surfactant of 9:1 to obtain the compound surfactant composition 1 b.
[ COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2b ]
Dissolving the octadecyl diphenyl ether disulfonic acid sodium surfactant in water, stirring for 30 minutes to prepare 0.1 percent wt aqueous solution, and obtaining a surfactant solution 2 b.
[ COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3b ]
Tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactant is dissolved in water, stirred for 30 minutes, and prepared into 0.1 wt% aqueous solution, thus obtaining surfactant solution 3 b.
[ COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4b ] interfacial Property test of composite surfactant composition
The interfacial tension between the composite surfactant composition and the oil-water interface of a certain domestic oil field is measured by a TX-500C rotary drop interfacial tension meter. The measurement temperature was 50 ℃, the degree of water mineralization was 30000mg/L NaCl, the crude oil density was 0.92g/ml, and the viscosity was 8.6 mp.s. The dosage of the composite surfactant composition is 0.1 wt%.
TABLE 1b oil-water interfacial tension of composite surfactant compositions
| Sample (I) | Interfacial tension (mN/m) |
| Example 1a | 0.0026 |
| Comparative example 1b | 0.0048 |
| Comparative example 2b | 0.73 |
| Comparative example 3b | 1.05 |
As shown in Table 1b, example 1a has a more significant oil-water interfacial tension lowering property than the comparative example.
Comparative example 5b core Displacement experiment with composite surfactant composition solution
The natural core was used for displacement experiments, and the core length was 5.36cm, the diameter 2.49cm, the permeability 2.58mD, the porosity 19.2%, and the crude oil saturation 62%. The degree of mineralization of the water used was 35000mg/L NaCl, the experimental temperature was 60 ℃. The surfactant composition 1a is used as a displacement medium, the use concentration is 0.1 percent by weight, the displacement speed is 0.04mL/min, and the recovery ratio of primary water flooding 10PV is 32 percent; and then the surfactant composition 1b with the concentration of 0.1 percent by weight is used for flooding and injecting 10PV, so that the recovery ratio is improved by 1.6 percent. The compound surfactant composition 1b is not obvious in the effect of improving the oil recovery of the oil field.
Claims (7)
1. The application of the composite surfactant composition in tertiary oil recovery is characterized in that the composite surfactant composition is injected into an oil reservoir stratum in the form of aqueous solution to contact with underground crude oil, so that the underground crude oil is displaced; the composite surfactant composition comprises an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant, wherein the molar ratio of the anionic surfactant to the cationic surfactant is 1 (0.01-100), the cationic surfactant is selected from at least one of quaternary ammonium compounds, and the anionic surfactant is represented by a molecular general formula shown in a formula (I):
in the formula M1、M2Are independently selected from any one of ammonium ions or alkali metal ions, and R is H, C1～C20Any one of the aliphatic group or the aromatic group of (1);
the mineralization degree of the oil reservoir is 20000-200000 mg/L.
2. Use of a complex surfactant composition according to claim 1 in tertiary oil recovery, characterized in that the cationic surfactant is selected from at least one of tetraalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds.
3. Use of a complex surfactant composition according to claim 2 in tertiary oil recovery, characterized in that the cationic surfactant is selected from at least one of tetraalkyl quaternary ammonium salts.
4. The use of the complex surfactant composition of claim 1 in enhanced oil recovery, wherein R is H, C1～C20A hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group of (a).
5. Use of the complex surfactant composition according to claim 4, characterized in that R is H or C1～C20Alkyl, alkenyl, aryl radicals.
6. The use of the composite surfactant composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in tertiary oil recovery, wherein the total number of carbon atoms in the cationic surfactant molecule is 4 to 60.
7. The use of the surfactant complex composition of claim 1 in tertiary oil recovery, wherein the concentration of the surfactant complex composition in the aqueous solution of the surfactant complex composition is 0.01 to 0.5% by mass of the total mass of the cationic surfactant and the anionic surfactant.
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| CN102775710A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-11-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil-displacing agent composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN103038324A (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-04-10 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Compatible mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants |
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| CN103038324A (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-04-10 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Compatible mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants |
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