CN106588715B - 18f标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂及其制备方法，该正电子显像剂的结构式如式Ⅰ所示：其制备方法是以乙腈为溶剂，将BTE前体与[K+/222]18F混合物在氮气保护下加热反应制成。本发明的正电子显像剂能与航空煤油互溶，且不影响航空煤油的燃烧特性；可作为显像材料应用于无损检测领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于显像剂技术领域，具体涉及一种18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
正电子是电子的反粒子，是人类发现的第一个反物质。利用正电子湮没研究凝聚态物质的缺陷和相变能得到许多有关缺陷种类、尺寸及其分布的详尽信息。正电子湮没技术能进行原位测量，测量过程中还可以改变样品的温度和其他条件，对于无损检测具有重要价值。目前正电子湮没技术主要应用于核化学、物理学和生物医学等领域，但对正电子的研究及技术成果仅限于生物医疗与材料微观结构领域，在无损检测领域尚为空白。
目前由回旋加速器产生的显像用正电子核素18F，13N，11C和15O等除18F具有109min的物理半衰期外，其余核素的物理半衰期都非常短，其中15O仅122s，所以18F有利于合成标记。氟的化学性质活泼，易将化合物氧化为氟化物。氟与有机化合物发生取代反应后形成有机氟化合物，由于C-F键的键能极高，有机氟化物有良好的表面活性、热稳定性、化学稳定性和抗氧化性。目前最常用的18F其化学性质类似于H和氢氧根OH，易于标记各种有机化合物，制成发射正电子的放射性物质。
在医疗领域，正电子湮没技术主要应用于正电子发射断层显像仪(PET)，将发射正电子的放射性核素及其标记化合物引入体内后，应用PET对全身或局部脏器及组织进行断层显像，根据正电子核素的分布状态来反映脏器或组织的功能、代谢变化。应用正电子核素标记不同的代谢底物可以反映机体不同的代谢状况，应用较多的正电子核素显像剂有18F-FDG、18F- 脱氧葡萄糖等。
随着我国科技进步、国力增强，对高端装备复杂件的需求大大增加，同时对无损检测提出了新的课题：研究面向特殊需求的无损检测新理论、方法，实现对高端装备复杂件从生产加工到成品下线再到离线故障、在线运行状态的检测。2016年1月18日，美国OrbitalATK公司采用3D打印的高超音速发动机燃烧室成功在美国宇航局兰利研究中心通过了测试，如何在3D 打印过程中实时监测工艺流程、对打印出的燃烧室缺陷定位及燃烧过程的在线状态检测都是无损检测领域的新的难题。在进行发动机离线故障、在线运行状态检测时，并不能直接将核素溶液注入到发动机中，而是将正电子核素均匀地标记到载体溶剂(液态的航空煤油、汽油、柴油等)，当载体溶剂注入到高端装备复杂件时会在其内部伴随着正电子的产生，可以采用正电子发射断层显像技术对其进行无损检测，而这种注入式正电子湮没γ光子3D成像无损检测方法具有穿透力强、成像精度高、可在高温、高压等恶劣环境开展等优势。
然而18F标记正电子示踪剂在无损检测领域应用很少，医学上则多是应用18F标记蛋白质、葡萄糖、氨基酸等，这些都是人体代谢所必须的物质，然而在工程应用中所用材料复杂多变，这种标记方式首先必须鉴定成分且通用性较低。
发明内容
解决的技术问题：本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足而提供一种18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂及其制备方法，该显像剂能与航空煤油互溶，且不影响航空煤油的燃烧特性。
技术方案：一种18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂，其结构式如式Ⅰ所示：
上述18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，将H18F的H2 18O溶液导入QMA固相萃取柱，得到吸附有H18F的QMA固相萃取柱；
步骤2，用K222/K2CO3淋洗液洗脱步骤1的QMA固相萃取柱，所得洗脱液在氮气保护下蒸干溶剂后，再加入乙腈，在氮气保护下蒸干乙腈，得到[K+/222]18F混合物；
步骤3，将BTE前体的乙腈溶液与[K+/222]18F混合物混合，在氮气保护下加热反应；
步骤4，将反应产物冷却至室温，用C-18固相萃取柱分离纯化，得到正电子显像剂；
所述BTE前体的结构如式Ⅱ所示：
进一步地，步骤1中QMA固相萃取柱在导入H18F的H2 18O溶液前需先用0.5MNaHCO3溶液冲洗，再用超纯水冲洗。
进一步地，步骤3中反应温度为90℃。
上述18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂作为显像材料，在无损检测领域的应用。
有益效果：本发明的18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂能与航空煤油互溶，且不影响航空煤油的燃烧特性；可作为显像材料应用于无损检测领域。
附图说明
图1为18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂的制备方法流程图；
图2为灌注了含有实施例1的18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂的航空煤油的燃烧室的三视图成像；
图3为含有实施例1的18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂的航空煤油在燃烧时的火焰三视图成像。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(一)合成材料：
(1)无水乙腈：Sigma-Aldrich，USA
(2)K222：4，7，13，16，21，24一六氧-1，10-二氮双环[8，8，8]-二十六烷(4，7，13，16，21，24-hexaoxa-1，10-diazabicyclo[8，8，8]-hexacosane)，Aldrich,USA
(3)BTE前体：1,2-双甲苯磺酰氧基乙烷
(4)无水乙醚
(5)K2CO3
(6)四甲基铵(QMA)固相萃取柱：waters，USA
(7)Sep-Pak C-18固相萃取柱：waters，USA
合成原理：
(二)合成步骤：
1.先用10mL 0.5M NaHCO3冲洗QMA固相萃取柱，再用20mL超纯水冲洗；
2.将回旋加速器生产的含H18F的H2 18O溶液在氮气流输送下通过QMA固相萃取柱；
3.用1.5mL K222/K2CO3淋洗液将18F离子洗脱至反应管，在氮气流下加热器将混合物加热至105℃蒸干溶剂；
4.加入2mL无水乙腈，在氮气流下105℃蒸干溶剂，开启冷却风扇冷却反应管至50℃以下；
5.将10mg BTE前体溶于1mL无水乙腈后加入反应管，反应液在氮气流保护下90℃加热 10min，反应结束后冷却至室温；
6.用C-18固相萃取柱分离纯化产物，得到18F-BTE正电子显像剂。
(三)质控实验：
主要的目的是证实18F-BTE在煤油中是均匀分布的。
取一定量的18F-BTE混合到航空煤油，搅拌十分钟，得到可用于正电子发射断层显像的含18F的航空煤油。
假设煤油总活度为X，分别从溶液的上中下三层中各取出1/10体积煤油共三份，分别测量活度为Y1、Y2、Y3，三者之间相差不超过1％，同时检测Y(平均)与X/10相差不差过1％。 10min后再从溶液的上中下三层中各取出1/10体积煤油共三份，重复以上测量方法。满足该要求的可以认为是均匀分布的标有18F的航空煤油。
(四)本发明所述18F标记的18F-BTE正电子显像剂用作示踪材料的应用
取一定量的18F-BTE混合到航空煤油，搅拌十分钟，得到可用于正电子发射断层显像的含18F的航空煤油。
将均匀分布的标有18F的航空煤油灌注到石英玻璃煤油瓶中，点燃后将其放入到设计好的密闭燃烧室中，然后使用PET装置进行扫描，图像经过重建之后可以反映整个燃烧室内温度场分布、速度场分布、各燃烧产物的物质分布状况等，扫描结果如附图2所示；同时可以获取感兴趣区域的细节信息，附图3反映了航空煤油在燃烧时的火焰图像。
可以理解的是，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，而所有这些改变或替换都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.如式Ⅰ18F标记的航空煤油正电子显像剂作为显像材料，在无损检测领域的应用，
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| CN113687404A (zh) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种18f标记的气溶胶化正电子显像剂及其制备方法 |
| CN113511989A (zh) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-10-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种航空煤油正电子标记方法 |
| CN114656329A (zh) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-06-24 | 南京航空航天大学深圳研究院 | 一种18f-十二烷正电子显像剂及其制备方法 |
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| CN105153227A (zh) * | 2015-07-04 | 2015-12-16 | 河南中医学院 | 一种[18f]-氟甲基三苯基膦盐及其制备方法与应用 |
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| CN101585816A (zh) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-25 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 | 一种苯磺酰胺类羟基衍生物及其中间体及制备方法和应用 |
| CN102353880A (zh) * | 2011-07-11 | 2012-02-15 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | 电力开关类设备内部缺陷可视化无损检测方法 |
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| CN102675329A (zh) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-19 | 浙江大学 | 一种正电子发射断层显像剂及其制备方法 |
| CN105153227A (zh) * | 2015-07-04 | 2015-12-16 | 河南中医学院 | 一种[18f]-氟甲基三苯基膦盐及其制备方法与应用 |
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