CN106578411B - Feed queen bee fetoprotein and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Feed queen bee fetoprotein and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106578411B CN106578411B CN201611205253.8A CN201611205253A CN106578411B CN 106578411 B CN106578411 B CN 106578411B CN 201611205253 A CN201611205253 A CN 201611205253A CN 106578411 B CN106578411 B CN 106578411B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/02—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from meat
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Abstract
A feed protein for queen bee is prepared from royal jelly as by-product, queen bee larva, and is developed into new feed protein by making full use of its advantages including high protein content, reasonable amino acid composition, and abundant bioactive components. The key of the preparation process comprises the steps of fresh-keeping and cleaning of queen bee larva, adding of a stabilizer, freezing and crushing, and vacuum low-temperature microwave drying. On one hand, the process can reserve the queen bee fetoprotein and the active substances thereof to the maximum extent; on the other hand, the method has high automation degree and low cost, is suitable for large-scale industrial production, and the obtained product is novel feeding protein powder mainly comprising queen bee fetoprotein and can be used for feed and breeding industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel feed protein mainly comprising queen bee fetoprotein and a preparation process thereof, belonging to the field of feed protein processing.
Background
The queen bee larva is a larva body formed by the growth and development of bee fertilized eggs fed with fresh royal jelly by worker bees, namely queen bee larva collected from queen bee platforms. The water content of queen bee tires is about 80% of the total mass, crude fat and crude protein respectively account for 18% and 56% of the dry weight, the total content of 18 amino acids is 46g/100 g of the dry weight, the content of essential amino acids accounts for 49% of the total content of amino acids, and the ratio of the content of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) is 0.98. Meanwhile, the beverage contains abundant vitamins and mineral elements. Therefore, the queen bee larva can be used as a feeding protein resource with higher nutritive value and has higher development and utilization values. China is a big bee-keeping country with a long history, the number of bee colonies and the yield of bee products are the top of the world, more than 800 million bee colonies are owned at present, and the annual yield of queen bee fetuses can reach thousands of tons. However, as a byproduct for producing royal jelly, only about 50 tons of queen bee embryos are processed and utilized every year in China, and 95% of queen bee embryos are discarded, so that the resource is greatly wasted. Therefore, a scientific, reasonable and feasible production and processing technology is developed, the high-quality protein of the queen bee larva is fully developed and utilized, and the method has important practical significance.
At present, researches specially aiming at the development of queen bee fetoprotein at home and abroad are only reported, and only the scholars of northeast agriculture university are reported on the extraction process of queen bee larva protein at home and abroad (Li Shuang et al, research on the extraction process of the queen bee larva protein [ J ]. science and technology of food industry, 2006). In recent years, protein resources of various insects and their larvae (such as yellow meal worm, fly maggot, etc.) have been developed and patented by researchers. So far, no patent for developing and utilizing queen bee fetoprotein is seen. The reason for this is that, compared with conventional food materials, queen bee embryos have the characteristics of high moisture content, delicate body, complex components, high enzyme activity and the like. Therefore, the conventional protein extraction method or preparation process is not suitable for queen bee fetoprotein, and a corresponding process needs to be specially developed. Aiming at the characteristics of queen bee fetuses, the invention discloses a novel feed protein mainly comprising queen bee fetuses protein and a preparation process thereof, aiming at effectively developing queen bee fetuses and improving the economic added value of the queen bee fetuses.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel feed protein mainly comprising queen bee fetoprotein and a preparation process thereof, wherein the process flow and parameters are respectively as follows:
1. fresh-keeping and cleaning: fresh queen bee larva is adopted to keep fresh and clean the queen bee larva. Mixing fresh-keeping cleaning liquid and queen bee larva in proportion, placing on a vibrator, vibrating, cleaning, and removing water and impurities. Wherein the cleaning solution is ice-cold (0-4 deg.C) deionized water solution containing ascorbic acid 2-3% and 10-20% ethanol by mass; the mass ratio of the cleaning liquid to the queen bee larva is 2:1-4:1, and the vibration cleaning frequency is 50-100 r/min; the time length of each vibration cleaning is 10-30 minutes; the number of shaking and washing times is 2-3.
2. Adding a stabilizer: wherein the stabilizer is ice-cold (0-4 deg.C) deionized water solution containing trehalose 5-10% and glycine 3-5%; the mass ratio of queen bee larva to the stabilizer is 10:1-5: 1.
3. Freezing and crushing: wherein the freezing and crushing adopts a freezing and crushing machine, and the parameter conditions are that the refrigerant is liquid nitrogen, the freezing temperature is-35 ℃ to-60 ℃, and the crushing particle size is 350-400 meshes.
4. Vacuum low-temperature microwave drying: a microwave vacuum drier is adopted, and the parameter conditions are that the microwave frequency is 2000-2500 MHz, the vacuum degree is 0 Pascal, the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the drying time is 20-30 minutes.
5. Drying, pulverizing again to obtain the final product, and packaging to obtain the feed queen bee fetoprotein.
The principle of the key steps is as follows:
1. fresh-keeping and cleaning: because queen bee embryo is rich in nutrition and strong in enzyme activity, the queen bee embryo is very tender. Environmental factors such as light, heat, oxygen, etc. can cause the rapid deterioration of the material. After the larva of queen bee dies, the larva is cultured in the presence of microorganisms and O2And the insect body is extremely easy to perish under the action of enzymeIf the product is dissolved by itself, the product needs to be preserved in time and the impurities on the product are removed to ensure the quality of the final product.
2. Adding a stabilizer: the queen bee fetoprotein is different from other larva proteinases in that it contains many active proteins, and research shows that queen bee fetoprotein has anti-aging and anti-stress effects, and is related to the active proteins contained in it. (Cen Ning et al Queen bee embryo anti-aging effect research initial report [ J ]. China bee-keeping, 1999) in order to ensure that the active protein is not destroyed and denatured in the subsequent freezing process, the addition of the stabilizer is very important, which is one of the creative key points of the invention.
3. Freezing and crushing: freeze pulverization is a technique of pulverizing a raw material in a low-temperature frozen state by combining freezing and pulverization. The freezing and crushing process can maintain the color, fragrance, taste and active matter property of the crushed product unchanged, preserve the molecular structure, components and activity of the original nutrient matter to the maximum extent and improve the absorption of various nutrient components and trace elements by the organism, so that the process is the preferred process for crushing queen bee larva.
4. Vacuum low-temperature microwave drying: microwave vacuum drying is a novel drying mode, and the moisture is evaporated by heating materials in a vacuum condition by microwaves. The microwave vacuum drying integrates the advantages of high speed and integral heating of microwave drying, low temperature and high speed dehumidification of vacuum drying and the like. Adopt traditional vacuum drying method to handle queen bee child, go on through the mode of conduction, convection current and radiation during because of the heating, air convection is difficult to go on under vacuum state, only provides heat energy for the material through the conduction mode, and queen bee child surface can be earlier dry and harden, forms compact shell, and outside heat is difficult to enter, and the inside moisture of queen bee child is difficult to evaporate again out, therefore drying effect is very unsatisfactory. The microwave vacuum drying is to heat the material by microwave energy in a vacuum state, the queen bee fetoprotein absorbs the microwave energy in a microwave field and then generates heat integrally, the heat energy is distributed uniformly, the queen bee fetoprotein does not form a compact shell in the drying process, and the water is easily discharged. The microwave vacuum drying is that the whole material is heated, and the controllability of the drying process and the quality is strong, and changes the traditional method of calculating the drying quantity by the area of the auxiliary material. Meanwhile, the thallus parasitizing in the queen bee larva is subjected to high-speed polarization of hundreds of millions of times of microwave frequency, so that the cell membrane of the microbial thallus is broken, bacteria are killed, and the sterilization effect is achieved. Therefore, the queen bee embryo after frozen and crushed is treated by vacuum low-temperature microwave drying, so that the drying and sterilization can be effectively carried out synchronously, and the product quality of the queen bee embryo protein is ensured finally.
The invention discloses a queen bee fetoprotein and a preparation process thereof for the first time, aiming at the characteristics that queen bee fetoprotein bodies are delicate and contain active protein and are easy to oxidize and deteriorate, a preservative is creatively used in cleaning, a stabilizer is added before freezing, and the queen bee fetoprotein is prepared by drying in a vacuum microwave mode and the like; on the other hand, the method has high automation degree and low cost, is suitable for large-scale industrial production, and the obtained product is novel protein powder for feed which takes queen bee fetoprotein as a main component, and can be widely applied to feed and breeding industries.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
Specific example 1:
1, selecting 50 kilograms of fresh queen bee larva, wherein the queen bee larva is required to be complete, white and tender and has no damaged black spots. Placing the mixture into a container, and adding 100 kg of pre-cooled (4 ℃) cleaning and fresh-keeping aqueous solution, wherein the cleaning solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of ascorbic acid, 20% of absolute ethyl alcohol and 78% of deionized water. Placing the container on a vibrator for vibration rinsing, wherein the vibration cleaning frequency is 50 revolutions per minute; the vibration cleaning time is 20 minutes; and (4) draining the aqueous solution after the completion of the process, leaving queen bee larva, adding 100 kg of the fresh-keeping aqueous solution again, and performing secondary shaking rinsing according to the conditions. The total number of shaking washes was 2. Finally, the aqueous solution is drained, leaving queen bee embryos.
2 adding 5 kg of precooled (4 ℃) aqueous solution containing the stabilizer into the queen bee embryo, and uniformly mixing. The aqueous solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of trehalose, 3% of glycine and 92% of deionized water.
3. The queen bee fetoprotein containing the stabilizer is frozen and crushed by a freezing crusher under the parameter conditions that a refrigerant is liquid nitrogen, the freezing temperature is-40 ℃, and the crushing granularity is 400 meshes.
4. Drying the freeze-crushed queen bee fetoprotein by using a vacuum microwave dryer under the conditions of the operating parameters of 2000 MHz microwave frequency, 0 Pascal vacuum degree, 60 ℃ drying temperature and 30 minutes drying time.
5. And (3) crushing the obtained dried queen bee fetoprotein again to obtain a finished product, and bagging and packaging to obtain the queen bee fetoprotein for the feed. The detection results of the indexes of the components of the product are as follows:
TABLE 1 Queen bee fetoprotein content
Specific example 2: this example provides the application of the queen bee fetoprotein disclosed in this invention in breeding pigs
1. Materials and methods
1.1 test materials
Feed queen bee embryo protein powder
1.2 test animals and test design
The test adopts single factor experimental design, selects 80 healthy Du multiplied by long multiplied by big nursery pigs with the weight of about 10KG, and divides the pigs into 4 groups according to the principles of similar gestation times and half of male and female, and each group is repeated for 2 times. The control group is basic daily ration, and feeding queen bee embryo protein powder 100mg/kg, feeding queen bee embryo protein powder 200mg/kg and feeding queen bee embryo protein powder 400mg/kg are added into the basic daily ration of other three groups of test groups respectively.
1.3 test daily ration
The experimental diet is a pellet feed formulated in accordance with the nutritional requirements of the nursery pigs of NRC (1998), and the basic ration formula and nutritional levels are shown in Table 2.
The nursery pig concentrate comprises a proper amount of animal protein feed, minerals, trace elements, amino acids, vitamins and other components, and contains antibiotics. Nutrient component guarantee value per kilogram of product: the crude protein is more than or equal to 28 percent; lysine is more than or equal to 2.8 percent; 4 to 7 percent of calcium; the total phosphorus is more than or equal to 2.8 percent
1.4 Breeding management
1.4.1 feeding test
Before the formal test is started, grouping according to the principle that the fetal number is close and the male and female are half, and carrying out pre-test for one week. Weighing on empty stomach in the early morning after the pre-test is finished, making data records, and entering a positive test period for 5 weeks.
1.4.2 Breeding Process
During the test period, free feeding and drinking water, feeding management and immune disinfection procedures were carried out according to the conventional method of a pig farm. The material consumption, morbidity and mortality were recorded during the test period. At the end of the test, the weight is given on repeated open-web.
1.5 sample Collection and measurement
1.5.1 index of production Performance
According to the repeated record of the weight and feed intake of the pigs, calculating the average initial weight, average final weight and Average Daily Gain (ADG) of each repeated test pig; average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and feed weight ratio (F/G), morbidity and mortality.
1.6 data processing
SPSS statistical software is used for data processing and statistical analysis.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 influence of queen bee larva protein powder on the Productivity of nursery pig
As can be seen from Table 3, the daily gain of the queen bee embryo protein powder group was increased and the feed-meat ratio was decreased as compared with the control group. The result shows that the queen bee embryo protein powder used in the daily ration can improve the production performance of the nursery pig, increase the daily gain and reduce the feed-weight ratio.
2.2 Effect of queen bee larva protein powder on morbidity and mortality of nursery pigs
As can be seen from Table 4, the test group of adding 100mg/kg of non-antibiotic probiotic active feed protein peptide into the daily ration of the nursery pigs reduced the morbidity of the nursery pigs by 66%.
3. Conclusion
200-400 mg/kg queen bee embryo protein powder is added into nursery pig daily feed, and the feed can be prepared by the following steps: the growth speed of the nursery pig is improved;
enhancing resistance and anti-stress capability; reducing the morbidity and reducing the medication cost.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a feed protein mainly comprising queen bee fetoprotein is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting 50 kg of fresh queen bee larva, wherein the queen bee larva is required to be complete, white and tender and has no damaged black spots; placing the mixture into a container, and adding 100 kg of precooled cleaning and fresh-keeping aqueous solution at 4 ℃, wherein the cleaning solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of ascorbic acid, 20% of absolute ethyl alcohol and 78% of deionized water; placing the container on a vibrator for vibration rinsing, wherein the vibration cleaning frequency is 50 revolutions per minute; the vibration cleaning time is 20 minutes; after the completion of the process, draining the aqueous solution, leaving queen bee larva, adding 100 kg of fresh-keeping aqueous solution again, and performing secondary shaking rinsing according to the conditions; the total vibration cleaning times are 2 times; finally, draining the aqueous solution to leave queen bee embryos;
(2) adding 5 kg of precooled aqueous solution containing a stabilizer at 4 ℃ into the queen bee tires, and uniformly mixing; the aqueous solution comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of trehalose, 3% of glycine and 92% of deionized water;
(3) freezing and pulverizing the queen bee fetoprotein containing the stabilizer by using a freezing pulverizer, wherein the parameter conditions are that a refrigerant is liquid nitrogen, the freezing temperature is-40 ℃, and the pulverizing particle size is 400 meshes;
(4) drying the freeze-crushed queen bee fetoprotein by using a vacuum microwave dryer under the conditions of the operating parameters of 2000 MHz microwave frequency, 0 Pascal vacuum degree, 60 ℃ drying temperature and 30 minutes drying time;
(5) and (3) crushing the obtained dried queen bee fetoprotein again to obtain a finished product, and bagging and packaging to obtain the queen bee fetoprotein for the feed.
2. A feed protein produced by the method of claim 1 in which the feed protein is predominantly queen fetoprotein.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN106578411B true CN106578411B (en) | 2020-09-29 |
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| CN113397086A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-09-17 | 上海老滇凰生物科技有限公司 | Refrigeration, preservation and purification equipment and method for queen bee larva and royal jelly |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1688209A (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2005-10-26 | 林原健 | Refined royal jelly |
| CN101606649A (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-12-23 | 江西汪氏蜜蜂园有限公司 | A kind of royal jelly polypeptide liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN102370128A (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2012-03-14 | 浙江科技学院 | Method for processing bee larva and bee pupae through microwave vacuum freezing drying |
| CN102885243A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2013-01-23 | 武汉小蜜蜂食品有限公司 | High-content particle honey and preparation method thereof |
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- 2016-12-23 CN CN201611205253.8A patent/CN106578411B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1688209A (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2005-10-26 | 林原健 | Refined royal jelly |
| CN101606649A (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-12-23 | 江西汪氏蜜蜂园有限公司 | A kind of royal jelly polypeptide liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN102370128A (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2012-03-14 | 浙江科技学院 | Method for processing bee larva and bee pupae through microwave vacuum freezing drying |
| CN102885243A (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2013-01-23 | 武汉小蜜蜂食品有限公司 | High-content particle honey and preparation method thereof |
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