CN106568598B - A kind of transmission shaft damage detecting method and detection device - Google Patents
A kind of transmission shaft damage detecting method and detection device Download PDFInfo
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
A kind of transmission shaft damage detecting method and detection device.First use four road vibration signal of eddy displacement sensor non-cpntact measurement transmission shaft, and then propose that Random Decrement enhances ensemble empirical mode decomposition method, it extracts the resonant frequency of four road signals and is averaged, obtain damage transmission shaft frequency, as the input of the damage diagnostic data base based on finite element model, finally go out transmission shaft damage using particle swarm optimization quantitative Diagnosis.The method of the present invention and four-way transmission shaft detection device based on dsp chip can overcome the influence of transmission shaft detection ambient noise, be suitable for transmission shaft actual motion condition；It is not required to artificially participate in knowing automatically to be diagnosed to be frequency variation caused by transmission shaft damages；And it can automatically be diagnosed to be transmission shaft damage position and severity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical structure fault diagnosis technology field, it is related to a kind of transmission shaft damage detecting method and detection dress
It sets.
Background technique
Currently, demand of the society to mechanized equipment is growing with the rapid development of national economy.As mechanized equipment
Key core component transmission shaft, safety accident caused by damage problem happen occasionally.To find out its cause, transmission shaft in mechanized equipment
It is one of the main reasons general lack of necessary damage rapid detection method and device.For mechanized equipment, due to the item that works
Part is severe, causes drive bearing by very big impact load and arbitrary excitation, easily occurs damaging event as caused by fatigue rupture
Barrier.If transmission shaft degree of injury can be identified promptly and accurately, technical support will can be provided for transmission shaft intelligent maintaining, improve machine
Tool equips overall operation safety and reliability, avoids serious accident.
In the past 30 years, the structural cracks identification technologies such as main shaft, beam slab based on structural vibration information have caused engineering
Structural crack identifies the extensive concern of area research person, method including model-free (English Non Model-Based) and has mould
The method two major classes of type (English Model-Based).Method based on model is that one kind that newly-developed gets up has tempting answer
With the method for prospect, such as: it is based on wavelet finite element model, it is quantitative in conjunction with the rotor crack of empirical modal analysis and frequency contour
Recognition methods.This method is combined by characteristics, can quantitative judge go out main axle structure crackle there are position and degree, and
Preferable effect is achieved in laboratory research.However, being directed to, operating condition is severe, ambient vibration noise is big and runs
In mechanized equipment transmission shaft damage device for fast detecting, had not been reported at present due to lacking applicable method.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of transmission shaft damage detecting method and detection device.
The technical scheme is that a kind of transmission shaft damage detecting method comprising the steps of:
1) enhance ensemble empirical mode decomposition method using Random Decrement, extract sensor P respectivelymMeasure obtained four tunnels vibration
First rank average inherent mode component d of signal1(t) Random Decrement signal d1(τ), and pass through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
(FFT), damage five rank intrinsic frequency of transmission shaft is obtainedThen four groups of frequencies are averaged,
Damage five rank of transmission shaft is obtained to be averaged intrinsic frequencyWherein m=1,2,3,4；
2) building damage diagnostic data base:Wherein FjFor relative damage degree α and relative damage position β
Function expression, H be shaft damage occurrence degree, L is shaft length, and D is shaft diameter, α=H/D, β=L1/ L, and with
Five rank of damage transmission shaft obtained in step 1) is averaged intrinsic frequencyFor input, particle is constructed
Group's method Optimized model: The damaged structure being calculated for finite element model
First five rank intrinsic frequency；
3) α=H/D is utilized, quantitative Diagnosis goes out transmission shaft damage relative damage degree α and phase from damage diagnostic data base
To damage position β, and pass through α=H/D and β=L1/ L obtains the actual size of damage position and occurrence degree.
The step of Random Decrement enhancing ensemble empirical mode decomposition method, is as follows:
A, addition noise level is NlWhite noise ni(t) (i=1,2 ..., q) is to original signal sequence x (t), the first rank
Intrinsic mode componentByIt obtains, wherein q indicates average time,It is the first rank remnants points
Amount；
B, with different white noise ni(t) pass throughRepetitive assignment q times, and it is averaged:
Wherein, d1(t) the first rank average inherent mode component is indicated:
r1(t) it is averaged residual components for the first rank:
C, it is based on Random Decrement principle, by the first rank average inherent mode component d1(t) it is divided into the L that data length is τ
A data segment, L depend on triggering constant value xsDetermining initial point quantity xi(ti)=xs(i=1,2 ..., L), and obtain the first rank
Average inherent mode component d1(t) Random Decrement signal d1(τ):
A kind of detection device based on above-mentioned transmission shaft damage detecting method comprising along four sensings of transmission shaft setting
Device, the sensor are two groups, the setting of any one group of sensor vertical transmission shaft, the output end of the sensor respectively with A/
D converter amplifier circuit connection, the A/D converter amplifier circuit respectively with the controller based on above-mentioned transmission shaft damage detecting method
Connection, which connect with display device, and output test result.
The sensor is eddy displacement sensor.
The controller is also connect with storage device.
The present invention can overcome the influence of transmission shaft detection ambient noise, be suitable for transmission shaft actual motion condition；It is not required to people
It is diagnosed to be frequency variation caused by transmission shaft damages to participate in knowing automatically, and can automatically be diagnosed to be transmission shaft damage position
And severity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is four road eddy displacement sensor non-cpntact measurement location arrangements schematic diagrames of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow diagram of detection method of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic illustration of detection device of the invention.
Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b are the Diagnostics Interfaces of detection device of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described further below for attached drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes first using eddy displacement sensor non-cpntact measurement transmission shaft four using technical solution
Road vibration signal, and then propose that Random Decrement enhancing ensemble empirical mode decomposition method extracts the Random Decrement signal of four road signals, lead to
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is crossed, damage five rank intrinsic frequency of transmission shaft is obtained, is then averaged, it is final to obtain damage transmission shaft frequency
Rate finally goes out to be driven as the input of the damage diagnostic data base based on finite element model using particle swarm optimization quantitative Diagnosis
Axis damage.Four-way transmission shaft detection device is constructed using DSP development board based on detection method.
As shown in Fig. 2, the transmission shaft damage detecting method comprising the steps of:
1) enhance ensemble empirical mode decomposition method using Random Decrement, extract sensor P respectivelymMeasure obtained four tunnels vibration
First rank average inherent mode component d of signal1(t) Random Decrement signal d1(τ), and pass through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
(FFT), damage five rank intrinsic frequency of transmission shaft is obtainedThen four groups of frequencies are averaged,
Damage five rank of transmission shaft is obtained to be averaged intrinsic frequencyWherein m=1,2,3,4；
It extracts five rank intrinsic frequencies of four road vibration signals and is averaged, obtain damage five rank intrinsic frequency of transmission shaft, make
For the input of the damage diagnostic data base based on finite element model, finally go out transmission shaft damage using particle swarm optimization quantitative Diagnosis
Wound.Process is embodied:
The Random Decrement enhances ensemble empirical mode decomposition method, and steps are as follows:
Firstly, addition noise level is NlWhite noise ni(t) (i=1,2 ..., q) to original signal sequence x (t), and first
Rank intrinsic mode componentIt can be obtained by following formula:
Q indicates average time in formula (1),For the first rank residual components.
In fact, with different white noise ni(t) recycling formula (1) is decomposed q times, and is averaged, then is had:
In formula (2), d1(t) the first rank average inherent mode component is indicated, is defined as:
r1(t) it is averaged residual components for the first rank, is defined as:
Again, it is based on Random Decrement principle, by the first rank average inherent mode component d1(t) being divided into data length is τ
L data segment, the determination of L depends on triggering constant value xsDetermining initial point quantity xi(ti)=xs(i=1,2 ..., L).Cause
This, can obtain the first rank average inherent mode component d1(t) Random Decrement signal d1(τ):
2) document (He Zhengjia, old snow peak, Li Bing, to the big wavelet finite element theory of family and its north engineer application [M] are utilized
Capital: Science Press, 2006.) in the damage diagnostic data base construction method based on finite element model, building damage diagnostic data
Library:
In formula (6),Damaged structure first five the rank intrinsic frequency being calculated for finite element model,
FjFor the function expression of relative damage degree α and relative damage position β.As shown in Figure 1, shaft damage occurrence degree is H, turn
Shaft length is L, and shaft is directly D, then has:
α=H/D (7)
With
β=L1/L (8)
It is averaged intrinsic frequency with extracting obtained five rank of damage transmission shaftFor input, structure
Build particle swarm optimization Optimized model:
Using formula (7), quantitative Diagnosis goes out to pass from the damage diagnostic data base represented by formula (6) based on finite element model
Moving axis damages relative damage degree α and relative damage position β, finally finds out damage position using formula (7) and formula (8) and journey occurs
The actual size of degree.
As shown in figure 3, the invention also provides a kind of detection device based on above-mentioned transmission shaft damage detecting method, packet
Four sensors along transmission shaft setting are included, the sensor is two groups, any one group of sensor vertical transmission shaft setting, institute
The output end for stating sensor is connect with A/D converter amplifier circuit respectively, and the A/D converter amplifier circuit is respectively and based on above-mentioned biography
The controller of moving axis damage detecting method connects, which connect with display device, and output test result.Fig. 4 is two
The schematic diagram at the detection interface of testing result, therefrom it is known that Fig. 4 a is damage position 340mm, signal when degree 10mm
Figure, Fig. 4 b are damage position 170mm, schematic diagram when degree 4mm.
The sensor is eddy displacement sensor, and along transmission shafts to setting, i.e., is arranged along X-direction in Fig. 1,
And it is divided into two groups, each group includes two sensors, which is vertical setting, i.e., the folder of any one group of two sensors
Angle is 90 °, for acquiring the initial data of transmission shaft.
The controller is also connect with storage device, can will adhere to that data are stored by storage device, can also be with
It is compared with the numerical value of setting, while being also capable of calling and checking previous detection data.
Liquid crystal display can also be set thereon, for directly observing data.
Embodiment is not construed as the limitation to invention, but any based on spiritual improvements introduced of the invention, all Ying Ben
Within the protection scope of invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of transmission shaft damage detecting method, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of:
1) enhance ensemble empirical mode decomposition method using Random Decrement, extract sensor P respectivelymMeasure four obtained road vibration signals
The first rank average inherent mode component d1(t) Random Decrement signal d1(τ), and by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT), it obtains
To damage five rank intrinsic frequency of transmission shaftThen four groups of frequencies are averaged, are damaged
Five rank of transmission shaft is averaged intrinsic frequencyWherein m=1,2,3,4；
2) building damage diagnostic data base:Wherein FjFor the letter of relative damage degree α and relative damage position β
Number expression formula, H are that shaft damages occurrence degree, and L is shaft length, and D is shaft diameter, α=H/D, β=L1/ L, and with step
1) five rank of damage transmission shaft obtained in is averaged intrinsic frequencyFor input, population side is constructed
Method Optimized model: The damaged structure being calculated for finite element model first five
Rank intrinsic frequency；
3) α=H/D is utilized, quantitative Diagnosis goes out transmission shaft damage relative damage degree α and opposite damage from damage diagnostic data base
Hurt position β, and passes through α=H/D and β=L1/ L obtains the actual size of damage position and occurrence degree.
2. a kind of transmission shaft damage detecting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Random Decrement enhancing warp
The step of testing Mode Decomposition method is as follows:
A, addition noise level is NlWhite noise ni(t) (i=1,2 ..., q) to original signal sequence x (t), the first rank is intrinsic
Mode componentByIt obtains, wherein q indicates average time,For the first rank residual components；
B, with different white noise ni(t) pass throughRepetitive assignment q times, and it is averaged:
Wherein, d1(t) the first rank average inherent mode component is indicated:
r1(t) it is averaged residual components for the first rank:
C, it is based on Random Decrement principle, by the first rank average inherent mode component d1(t) the L data that data length is τ are divided into
Section, L depend on triggering constant value xsDetermining initial point quantity xi(ti)=xs(i=1,2 ..., L), and it is average originally to obtain the first rank
Levy mode component d1(t) Random Decrement signal d1(τ):
3. a kind of detection device based on transmission shaft damage detecting method described in the claims 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:
It includes four sensors along transmission shaft setting, and the sensor is two groups, and any one group of sensor vertical transmission shaft is set
Set, the output end of the sensor is connect with A/D converter amplifier circuit respectively, the A/D converter amplifier circuit respectively be based on
The controller of above-mentioned transmission shaft damage detecting method connects, which connect with display device, and output test result.
4. detection device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the sensor is eddy displacement sensor.
5. detection device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the controller is also connect with storage device.
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| JP4742821B2 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2011-08-10 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | Drive shaft damage diagnosis device |
| CN104483127A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-04-01 | 徐州隆安光电科技有限公司 | Method for extracting weak fault characteristic information of planetary gear |
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| CN101819093A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2010-09-01 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Fault diagnosis device for spindle bearing of roadheader cutting head and use method thereof |
| CN101833596A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2010-09-15 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Two-damage quantitative identification method of rectangular and round section beam structure |
| CN101852681A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2010-10-06 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Crack identification method of main shaft of boring machine |
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Application publication date: 20170419 Assignee: Pingyang Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Wenzhou University Assignor: Wenzhou University Contract record no.: X2020330000096 Denomination of invention: A damage detection method and device for transmission shaft Granted publication date: 20181214 License type: Common License Record date: 20201122 |
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