CN106566930A - Process for recovering cadmium from cadmium-contained incineration slag - Google Patents

Process for recovering cadmium from cadmium-contained incineration slag Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106566930A
CN106566930A CN201610945805.2A CN201610945805A CN106566930A CN 106566930 A CN106566930 A CN 106566930A CN 201610945805 A CN201610945805 A CN 201610945805A CN 106566930 A CN106566930 A CN 106566930A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cadmium
incineration slag
liquid
slag containing
acid
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Pending
Application number
CN201610945805.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谢巧玲
陈福明
帅和平
王丹丹
吴思国
卢伟
李越
张淑然
张祖江
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Tsinghua University
Shenzhen Research Institute Tsinghua University
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Shenzhen Research Institute Tsinghua University
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Priority to CN201610945805.2A priority Critical patent/CN106566930A/en
Publication of CN106566930A publication Critical patent/CN106566930A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04Working-up slag
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B17/00Obtaining cadmium
    • C22B17/04Obtaining cadmium by wet processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • C22B7/007Wet processes by acid leaching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C25C1/16Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of zinc, cadmium or mercury
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for recovering cadmium from cadmium-contained incineration slag. The process comprises the following steps: water leaching: the cadmium-contained incineration slag is leached by water, so that soluble salt in the cadmium-contained incineration slag is dissolved in the water; and water leaching liquid is obtained, and is separated from the cadmium-contained incineration slag; heap leaching: according to the properties of cadmium in the cadmium-contained incineration slag, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid is selected for segmented heap leaching, so that cadmium enters heap leaching liquid, and the content of cadmium in the cadmium-contained incineration slag reaches the discharge standard; enrichment: according to the properties of cadmium in the heap leaching liquid, resins are adopted to absorb low-concentration cadmium in the heap leaching liquid; cadmium is enriched in the resins; and absorption post liquid is obtained, and is returned for secondary heap leaching; desorption: the selected cadmium is used for absorbing the resins; and the sulfuric acid is adopted to desorb the absorbed resins at normal temperature to obtain cadmium liquid; and electrolysis: the cadmium liquid is electrolyzed; cadmium ions in solution are separated out on a cathode plate in a cadmium ingot form; and electrolysis post liquid is obtained.

Description

A kind of technique that cadmium is reclaimed from incineration slag containing cadmium
Technical field
The invention belongs to heavy metal recovery Technology field, is related to a kind of technique that cadmium is reclaimed from incineration slag containing cadmium.
Background technology
Used as the important component part that plant extract is repaired, the disposal of heavy metal accumulation plant biomass is considered as restriction One of key factor of phytoremediation commercial applications.Based on minimizing, innoxious and resource principle, in recent years numerous researchs Person is devoted to using burning method, ashing method, composting process, compression landfill method, high-temperature decomposition, liquid-phase extraction method and plant metallurgical etc. Technology disposes heavy metal accumulation plant biomass, achieves a series of important research achievement.From phytoremediation to rehabilitation plant Dispose without more advanced Technology, at present using it is more be heavy metal smelting recovery technology technique.However, using a huge sum of money Category smelting technique typically requires that heavy metallic oxide content can just be sold to smelting enterprise and be processed up to 20~50%.When cadmium contains When measuring relatively low, it is contemplated that loading and cost of transportation, the profit that smelting enterprise obtains is relatively low, it is impossible to process.Soil remediation enterprise is then The plant biomass that higher cost heavy metal content need to be spent relatively low carries out innoxious landfill.
The post processing of China's hyperaccumulative plant relatively low to cadmium content is mainly using burning and landfill disposal.Believe Shenzhen ten thousand Stabilizing treatment is carried out to rich cadmium plant burning ash up to ecological environment limited company, then adds cement to be solidified into spherical or block Shape, after air-drying there is water proof place in landfill or heap.Inst of Geographic Science and Resources, Chiense Academy of Sciences is using Semen Ricini and Herba pteridis vittatae It is enriched with cadmium lead arsenic in polluted soil, makees innoxious landfill using burning or after compressing.Current solid waste fills cost 200 yuan/ton or so, high cost;Cadmium is soluble in acid mainly with oxidised form presence in incineration slag and ash, and acid is still suffered from after landfill Rain etch heavy metal ion spillage risk, can cause secondary pollution.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of technique that cadmium is reclaimed from incineration slag containing cadmium, with small investment, production cost It is low, do not cause the features such as secondary pollution, sustainable recovery.
A kind of technique that cadmium is reclaimed from incineration slag containing cadmium of the present invention, the processing step includes:
First it is water logging, cadmium incineration slag water extraction will be contained, make solubility salt in incineration slag containing cadmium be dissolved in water, and obtains Infusion, infusion is separated with incineration slag containing cadmium;
Next to that dump leaching, according to the property of cadmium in incineration slag containing cadmium, selects sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to carry out segmentation dump leaching, Cadmium is set to enter heap leaching solution so that cadmium content reaches discharge standard in incineration slag containing cadmium;With the solubility salt extracted in infusion Mix, make fertilizer;
It is again enrichment, according to the property of cadmium in heap leaching solution, using low concentration cadmium in resin absorption heap leaching solution, is enriched with cadmium In resin, and liquid after being adsorbed, liquid is returned and continues secondary dump leaching after absorption;
Followed by desorbing, for selected cadmium adsorbent resin, using hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid at normal temperatures to the tree after absorption Fat carries out desorbing, obtains cadmium liquid;
It is finally electrolysis, cadmium liquid is electrolysed, cadmium ion is separated out in cadmium ingot form in minus plate in solution, and obtains electricity Liquid after solution.
Further, in dump leaching process, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid or concentration of nitric acid are 1g/L to 100g/L.
Further, in desorption technique, sulfuric acid concentration is 0.1mol/L to 10mol/L.
Further, the resin includes that Iminodiacetic acid resin (D401), D006 resins, highly acidic cation are exchanged Resin (001 × 7), macropore phosphoric acid resin.
Further, resin return is continuing with after desorbing.
Further, electrolytic liquid is returned and continues dump leaching next group incineration slag containing cadmium.
Further, in electrolysis process, negative electrode is made with aluminium sheet, with pure lead or pb-ag alloy plate anode, negative electrode, anode point is made Fa Sheng not react as follows:
Cathode reaction is:Cd2++2e=Cd ↓
Anode reaction:2OH--2e=H2O+1/2O2 ↑.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that:Small investment, production can be carried out to the cadmium in incineration slag containing cadmium The recovery of low cost, it is to avoid in prior art, the shortcoming of landfill disposal is carried out to incineration slag containing cadmium, do not cause secondary pollution.
Description of the drawings
Technical scheme in order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention, below by to be used needed for embodiment Accompanying drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, for this area For those of ordinary skill, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with according to these other accompanying drawings of accompanying drawings acquisition.
Fig. 1 is a kind of process chart that cadmium is reclaimed from incineration slag containing cadmium of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, it is right below in conjunction with drawings and Examples The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only to explain the present invention, not For limiting the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention one, as shown in figure 1, a kind of technique that cadmium is reclaimed from incineration slag containing cadmium, its processing step is:
First it is water logging, cadmium incineration slag water extraction will be contained, water is 3 with the ratio of incineration slag containing cadmium:1, make incineration slag containing cadmium Middle solubility salt is dissolved in water, and obtains infusion, wherein, solubility salt is mainly sodium, potassium salt class, with cadmium oxide point From;
Next to that dump leaching, according to the property of cadmium in incineration slag containing cadmium, selects concentration to carry out segmentation heap for the sulphuric acid of 10g/L Leaching, liquid-solid ratio (sulphuric acid and the ratio of incineration slag containing cadmium) is 3:1, make cadmium enter heap leaching solution so that cadmium content reaches in incineration slag containing cadmium To after discharge standard, mix with the solubility salt of extraction in infusion, make fertilizer;
It is again enrichment, according to the property of cadmium in heap leaching solution, dump leaching is adsorbed using storng-acid cation exchange resin D006 Low concentration cadmium in liquid, makes cadmium be enriched in resin, and liquid after being adsorbed, and cadmium content is very low in liquid after the absorption after absorption (storng-acid cation exchange resin D006 is 20mg/g to the adsorption capacity of cadmium), liquid is returned and continues secondary dump leaching after absorption;
Followed by desorbing, for selected cadmium adsorbent resin, using 0.1mol/L to 10mol/L sulphuric acid at normal temperatures Carry out desorbing to the storng-acid cation exchange resin D006 after absorption, obtain the cadmium liquid of high concentration, after desorbing resin return after Continuous to use, the desorption efficiency of resin can reach more than 96%;
It is finally electrolysis, cadmium liquid is electrolysed, negative electrode is made with aluminium sheet, makees anode with pure stereotype, to the cadmium liquid after desorbing It is electrolysed, cadmium ion is separated out in cadmium ingot form in minus plate in solution, cadmium >=99.00% is contained in cadmium ingot product, and is obtained electricity Liquid after solution, electrolytic liquid contains the acid of higher concentration, returns and continues dump leaching next group incineration slag containing cadmium.
There is following reaction respectively in anode and cathode:
Cathode reaction is:Cd2++2e=Cd ↓
Anode reaction:2OH--2e=H2O+1/2O2 ↑
After water logging containing solubility salt aqueous solution return continue water logging next group incineration residue containing cadmium, until in water can The close saturation of dissolubility salt, the solubility salt aqueous solution of the close saturation obtains solid salt, as fertilizer by being evaporated to dryness Material supplies industrial application.
According to the physicochemical properties of cadmium in incineration slag containing cadmium, hyperaccumulative plant after burning cadmium mainly with Aska-Rid. shape Formula is present, and dissolves in the acids such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.(Aska-Rid. acid leaching process has dump leaching and leaching.Dump leaching and stirring Leaching is compared, and with low production cost, material consumption be low, capital construction cycle is short, instant effect, the advantages of environmental pollution is little, is adapted to process low Grade ore deposit.Seldom, general per kilogram plant passes through and burns heavy metal amount contained by hyperaccumulative plant containing heavy metal ten to hundreds of milligrams After burning, incineration residue total amount is down to 10% or so, and content of beary metal reaches 0.01~0.1%, preferably using dump leaching method at Reason.)
In order that cadmium content is reduced to discharge standard in incineration slag containing cadmium, multiple dump leaching need to be carried out, acid concentration is reduced step by step, Last is washed using tap water, it is ensured that residual acid and cadmium content reach discharge standard in incineration slag containing cadmium, then with water logging The solubility salt extracted in liquid mixes fertilizer processed.
As shown in figure 1, washings and heap leaching solution Returning utilization step by step, realizes the recycling of solution;The leaching of cadmium can be made Go out rate and reach more than 99%.
In the present embodiment, after sour dump leaching process, cadmium content is reduced to 0.95g/t to incineration slag containing cadmium in slag, reaches row Standard is put, the response rate of cadmium is 99.07% in dump leaching method, the saturated adsorption capacity of acid resin for cadmium is 20g/kg, and desorption efficiency is more than 96%, cadmium >=99.00% is contained in cadmium ingot.
A kind of technique that cadmium is reclaimed from incineration slag containing cadmium of the present invention, it can effectively solve the problem that heavy metal accumulation plant biological The post processing problem of matter, first being reclaimed using water seaoning can be as the sodium of fertilizer, potassium salt class, then using suitable in incineration slag containing cadmium The acid of concentration carries out segmentation dump leaching, makes cadmium in residue enter heap leaching solution, reaches discharge standard, and cadmium is made using repeatable in heap leaching solution With resin carry out adsorption and enrichment, then desorbing is carried out using suitable acid, obtain high concentration cadmium liquid, be finally electrolysed, obtain There must be the cadmium ingot product of economic benefit, electrolytic liquid contains the acid of higher concentration, can return to continuation acidleach next group and burn residual Slag, reduces medicament usage amount, realizes environmental protection and benefit doulbe-sides' victory.
The embodiment of the present invention two, and unlike embodiment one,
In dump leaching process, selecting concentration for the hydrochloric acid of 10g/L carries out segmentation dump leaching, liquid-solid ratio (hydrochloric acid and incineration slag containing cadmium Ratio) it is 3:1.
In process of enriching, the cadmium in heap leaching solution, imido oxalic acid tree are adsorbed using Iminodiacetic acid resin (D401) Fat (D401) is 350mg/g to the adsorption capacity of cadmium.
In desorption technique, using the hydrochloric acid of 0.5mol/L at normal temperatures to the Iminodiacetic acid resin after absorption cadmium (D401) desorbing is carried out.The cadmium liquid of high concentration is obtained, resin is returned and is continuing with after desorbing.The desorption efficiency of resin can reach 100%.
In electrolysis process, negative electrode is made with aluminium sheet, with pb-ag alloy (argentiferous<1%) plate makees anode, to the Caddy (Cleary) after desorbing Solution is electrolysed, and cadmium ion is separated out in cadmium ingot form in minus plate in solution.It is 99.93% to contain cadmium in cadmium ingot product.Negative and positive There is following reaction respectively in pole:
Cathode reaction is:Cd2++2e=Cd ↓
Anode reaction:2OH--2e=H2O+1/2O2 ↑.
After sour dump leaching process, cadmium content is reduced to incineration slag containing cadmium described in the present embodiment in incineration slag containing cadmium 0.99g/t, reaches discharge standard, and the response rate of cadmium is 99.35% in dump leaching, and the saturated adsorption capacity of acid resin for cadmium is 350g/ Kg, desorption efficiency reaches 100%, cadmium content >=99.93% in cadmium ingot.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, not to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention Any modification, equivalent or improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. it is a kind of from incineration slag containing cadmium reclaim cadmium technique, it is characterised in that the processing step includes:
First it is water logging, cadmium incineration slag water extraction will be contained, make solubility salt in incineration slag containing cadmium be dissolved in water, and obtains water logging Liquid, infusion is separated with incineration slag containing cadmium;
Next to that dump leaching, according to the property of cadmium in incineration slag containing cadmium, selects sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to carry out segmentation dump leaching, cadmium is made Into heap leaching solution so that cadmium content reaches discharge standard in incineration slag containing cadmium;Mutually mix with the solubility salt extracted in infusion Close, make fertilizer;
It is again enrichment, according to the property of cadmium in heap leaching solution, using low concentration cadmium in resin absorption heap leaching solution, makes cadmium be enriched in tree In fat, and liquid after being adsorbed, liquid is returned and continues secondary dump leaching after absorption;
Followed by desorbing, for selected cadmium adsorbent resin, using hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid the resin after absorption is entered at normal temperatures Row desorbing, obtains cadmium liquid;
It is finally electrolysis, cadmium liquid is electrolysed, cadmium ion is separated out in cadmium ingot form in minus plate in solution, and after being electrolysed Liquid.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of from incineration slag containing cadmium reclaim cadmium technique, it is characterised in that dump leaching process In, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid or concentration of nitric acid are 1g/L to 100g/L.
3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of from incineration slag containing cadmium reclaim cadmium technique, it is characterised in that desorption technique In, sulfuric acid concentration is 0.1mol/L to 10mol/L.
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of from incineration slag containing cadmium reclaim cadmium technique, it is characterised in that the resin bag Include Iminodiacetic acid resin, D006 resins, storng-acid cation exchange resin, macropore phosphoric acid resin.
5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of from incineration slag containing cadmium reclaim cadmium technique, it is characterised in that resin after desorbing Return is continuing with.
6. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of from incineration slag containing cadmium reclaim cadmium technique, it is characterised in that electrolytic liquid is returned Return and continue dump leaching next group incineration slag containing cadmium.
7. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of from incineration slag containing cadmium reclaim cadmium technique, it is characterised in that electrolysis process In, negative electrode is made with aluminium sheet, make anode with pure lead or pb-ag alloy plate, there is following reaction respectively in negative electrode, anode:
Cathode reaction is:Cd2++2e=Cd ↓
Anode reaction:2OH--2e=H2O+1/2O2 ↑.
CN201610945805.2A 2016-11-02 2016-11-02 Process for recovering cadmium from cadmium-contained incineration slag Pending CN106566930A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108754165A (en) * 2018-08-22 2018-11-06 四川西冶新材料股份有限公司 A method of recycling cadmium from the leachate of cadmium pollution soil
CN108977669A (en) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-11 中南大学 A method of cadmium in high-concentration sulfuric acid cobalt liquor is removed in depth and recycles cadmium
RU2750654C1 (en) * 2020-07-09 2021-06-30 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный технический университет (МАДИ)" Method for regeneration of nitrate-ammonium solution of removing cadmium coatings
CN114699802A (en) * 2022-04-27 2022-07-05 华中科技大学 Method for desorbing, enriching and recovering Cd/Pb step by step

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007229618A (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-13 Saga Univ Method for removing heavy metal from waste organ of scallop
CN101337731A (en) * 2008-08-13 2009-01-07 彭克俭 Method for removing cadmium in industrial wastewater by bio adsorbing agent
CN102649998A (en) * 2012-05-28 2012-08-29 陕西安圣美贸易发展有限公司 Method for separating and enriching copper, cadmium and zinc in copper and cadmium sediment

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007229618A (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-13 Saga Univ Method for removing heavy metal from waste organ of scallop
CN101337731A (en) * 2008-08-13 2009-01-07 彭克俭 Method for removing cadmium in industrial wastewater by bio adsorbing agent
CN102649998A (en) * 2012-05-28 2012-08-29 陕西安圣美贸易发展有限公司 Method for separating and enriching copper, cadmium and zinc in copper and cadmium sediment

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108754165A (en) * 2018-08-22 2018-11-06 四川西冶新材料股份有限公司 A method of recycling cadmium from the leachate of cadmium pollution soil
CN108977669A (en) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-11 中南大学 A method of cadmium in high-concentration sulfuric acid cobalt liquor is removed in depth and recycles cadmium
RU2750654C1 (en) * 2020-07-09 2021-06-30 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный технический университет (МАДИ)" Method for regeneration of nitrate-ammonium solution of removing cadmium coatings
CN114699802A (en) * 2022-04-27 2022-07-05 华中科技大学 Method for desorbing, enriching and recovering Cd/Pb step by step
CN114699802B (en) * 2022-04-27 2022-11-22 华中科技大学 Method for desorbing, enriching and recovering Cd/Pb step by step

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