CN106566584A - 一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN106566584A
CN106566584A CN201610954818.6A CN201610954818A CN106566584A CN 106566584 A CN106566584 A CN 106566584A CN 201610954818 A CN201610954818 A CN 201610954818A CN 106566584 A CN106566584 A CN 106566584A
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邢宗田
梁婷
李明华
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Abstract

一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂及其制备方法与应用,其原料的重量百分比为:动物油68~72%、植物油0.5~1.0%、烷基苯0.2~0.5%、一乙醇胺0.1~0.7%、二乙醇胺0.1~0.7%、三乙醇胺0.1~0.6%、硝酸异辛脂1.0~2.1%、硝酸异丙脂1.0~2.1%、硝酸乙酯1.0~2.1%、氢氧化钠1.0~2.1%、氢氧化钾1.0~2.1%、水18~22%。制备:按比例将原料依次放入混合容器中并伴随搅拌,再将混合容器置于超声波中搅拌15~25min得到复合添加剂。本发明所述的复合添加剂在M25~M60中的应用,可降低甲醇汽油对汽车的腐蚀和提高甲醇汽油的辛烷值、燃爆点、燃烧热值、油品质量和动力。

Description

一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于石油产品添加剂技术领域,具体涉及一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
随着经济的迅猛发展,人们对能源的需求也日渐强烈,石油及天然气资源也逐渐衰减。随着这种能源危机时刻的逐渐到来,人们开始探求新的能源来代替石油的探索研究的势头也是突飞猛进的发展。
醇类是内燃机最可代用的取代石油、天然气的燃料,其中甲醇作为车用燃料具有很多优点,例如:来源非常广泛,可用煤、天然气或者其它原料来生产;氧含量较高,燃烧充分,可有效地降低尾气中的有害气体,同时也有效降低了燃油系统的积炭,延长了发动机的使用寿命;具有比较理想的油路疏通功能,可减少清洁油路系统添加剂的使用等。目前,人们对甲醇作为车用燃料的研究主要是在甲醇汽油混合燃料,并在这方面做了许多工作,取得了一定的成就。
但是,甲醇汽油在实际的使用中常常存在以下的问题:(1)甲醇的低热值(只有21000KJ/Kg),不到汽油低热值的一半,使用时动力性较差,且存在冷启动困难的问题;(2)甲醇在未完全燃烧时产生甲醛和甲酸,后者对汽车零部件可能造成腐蚀;(3)甲醇汽油的亲水性比较强,甲醇汽油的稳定性会因为少量的水而受到破坏,形成明显的分层或出现浑浊,对油品的质量产生很大的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂及其制备方法与应用,将该添加剂加入到甲醇汽油中,能够降低甲醇汽油对汽车零部件的腐蚀性,提高甲醇汽油的辛烷值、燃爆点、燃烧热值、油品质量和动力,使其在甲醇汽油中发挥综合增效作用,特别是可使M25~M60甲醇汽油达到作为商品汽油的理化质量指标及实际行车应用性能的要求。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂,由以下重量百分比的原料组成:动物油68~72%、植物油0.5~1.0%、烷基苯0.2~0.5%、一乙醇胺0.1~0.7%、二乙醇胺0.1~0.7%、三乙醇胺0.1~0.6%、硝酸异辛脂1.0~2.1%、硝酸异丙脂1.0~2.1%、硝酸乙酯1.0~2.1%、氢氧化钠1.0~2.1%、氢氧化钾1.0~2.1%、水18~22%。
优选的,所述甲醇汽油复合添加剂,由以下重量百分比的原料组成:动物油70%、植物油0.7%、烷基苯0.3%、一乙醇胺0.25%、二乙醇胺0.25%、三乙醇胺0.25%、硝酸异辛脂1.65%、硝酸异丙脂1.65%、硝酸乙酯1.65%、氢氧化钠1.65%、氢氧化钾1.65%、水20%。
优选的,所述复合添加剂占变性甲醇的体积百分比为1~6%。
优选的,所述变性甲醇占甲醇汽油的体积百分比为25~60%。
一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)按比例将动物油和水混溶到容器中并搅拌15~25min得到混合溶液Ⅰ;(2)将一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺按比例分别放入混合溶液Ⅰ中,搅拌后静置8~12min得到混合溶液Ⅱ;(3)将植物油、氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠按比例分别放入混合溶液Ⅱ中并搅拌15~25min得到混合溶液Ⅲ;(4)将烷基苯、硝酸异辛脂、硝酸异丙脂和硝酸乙酯按比例分别放入混合溶液Ⅲ中并将容器置于超声波中超声搅拌15~25min,最终得到甲醇汽油复合添加剂。
所述甲醇汽油复合添加剂在制备M25~M60甲醇汽油过程中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明中一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺主要用于除去汽油中的酸性气体,从而除去酸性气体对汽车零部件造成腐蚀,进而延长了发动机和车辆的使用寿命;
(2)本发明中硝酸异辛脂、硝酸异丙脂和硝酸乙酯中的硝酸根离子能够结合新离子形成新的助燃离子,从而提高了汽油的辛烷值,以弥补甲醇加入动力性不足的问题,同时起到抗爆作用;
(3)本发明中氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠能够增加汽油的氢氧离子浓度,从而增加汽油的燃烧热值;植物油中的不饱和脂肪酸和动物油中的饱和脂肪酸经过超声处理后从长链分子分解为离子并被油分子和甲醇分子包裹形成分子团,共同参与燃烧,提高燃烧热值,进而提高汽油的启动性,不受季节影响;
(4)本发明中烷基苯主要是增加各种离子表面活性,驱使汽油分子和甲醇结合成长键分子,从而提高了甲醇汽油的稳定性;本发明还有效提高了汽油和甲醇的融合,体系均一、透明、低温物无相分离,使得将本发明添加到甲醇汽油后是甲醇汽油具有很好的互溶性,提高了油品质量和动力;
(5)将本发明添加到甲醇汽油后,甲醇汽油中的重金属(铅、锰、铁等有色金属离子)含量显著降低,均符合GB17930-2013车用甲醇汽油标准,具有环境友好的特点;同时,大幅地降低汽车尾气中的有害物质(如碳氢化合物、一氧化碳等),有利于环境保护,改善生态环境。本发明所需的添加量少,效果好,成本低。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂及其在M30中的应用,由以下重量百分比的原料组成:动物油70%、植物油0.7%、烷基苯0.3%、一乙醇胺0.25%、二乙醇胺0.25%、三乙醇胺0.25%、硝酸异辛脂1.65%、硝酸异丙脂1.65%、硝酸乙酯1.65%、氢氧化钠1.65%、氢氧化钾1.65%、水20%。
本发明的一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)按比例将动物油和水混溶到容器中并搅拌15~25min得到混合溶液Ⅰ;(2)将一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺按比例分别放入混合溶液Ⅰ中,搅拌后静置8~12min得到混合溶液Ⅱ;(3)将植物油、氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠按比例分别放入混合溶液Ⅱ中并搅拌15~25min得到混合溶液Ⅲ;(4)将烷基苯、硝酸异辛脂、硝酸异丙脂和硝酸乙酯按比例分别放入混合溶液Ⅲ中并将容器置于超声波中超声搅拌15~25min,最终得到甲醇汽油复合添加剂。
一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂:甲醇:93#国际汽油体积配比为:1:30:70制备甲醇汽油M30,其检测结果如下表1。
表1本发明所述甲醇汽油M30的检测结果
实施例2
一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂及其在M45中的应用,由以下重量百分比的原料组成:动物油68%、植物油1.0%、烷基苯0.5%、一乙醇胺0.7%、二乙醇胺0.7%、三乙醇胺0.6%、硝酸异辛脂2.1%、硝酸异丙脂2.1%、硝酸乙酯2.1%、氢氧化钠2.1%、氢氧化钾2.1%、水18%。
本实施例中复合添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂:甲醇:93#国际汽油体积配比为:1:49:60制备甲醇汽油M45,其检测结果如下表2。
表2本发明所述甲醇汽油M45的检测结果
实施例3
一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂及其在M60中的应用,由以下重量百分比的原料组成:动物油72%、植物油0.5%、烷基苯0.2%、一乙醇胺0.1%、二乙醇胺0.1%、三乙醇胺0.1%、硝酸异辛脂1.0%、硝酸异丙脂1.0%、硝酸乙酯1.0%、氢氧化钠1.0%、氢氧化钾1.0%、水22%。
本实施例中复合添加剂的制备方法同实施例1。
一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂:甲醇:93#国际汽油体积配比为:3:60:40制备甲醇汽油M60,其检测结果如下表3。
表3本发明所述甲醇汽油M60的检测结果
由表1、表2和表3可以看出,本发明所制得复合添加剂降低了甲醇汽油对汽车零部件的腐蚀性,提高了甲醇汽油的辛烷值、燃爆点、燃烧热值、油品质量和动力,并在甲醇汽油中发挥了综合增效作用,特别是将其应用到M25~M60甲醇汽油中,是添加有本发明的甲醇汽油达了到作为商品汽油的理化质量指标及实际行车应用性能的要求。
另外,经检测,将该复合添加剂加入到车用甲醇汽油中后,其燃烧热值达到54000kJ/kg,扭矩与93#国际汽油相当,最大功率较国标汽油增加0.19%;其燃烧后排放的碳氢化合物在怠速条件下降低了20.6%,在高怠速情况下降低了15.9%,一氧化碳的排放量下降了28.57%。由表1、表2和表3可以看出,本发明所制得的甲醇汽油的重金属(铅、锰、铁等有色金属离子)含量都符合GB17930-2013车用甲醇汽油标准,具有环境友好的特点;同时,大幅地降低汽车尾气中的有害物质(如碳氢化合物、一氧化碳等),有利于环境保护,改善生态环境。本发明所需的添加量少,效果好,成本低。

Claims (6)

1.一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂,其特征在于,由以下重量百分比的原料组成:动物油68~72%、植物油0.5~1.0%、烷基苯0.2~0.5%、一乙醇胺0.1~0.7%、二乙醇胺0.1~0.7%、三乙醇胺0.1~0.6%、硝酸异辛脂1.0~2.1%、硝酸异丙脂1.0~2.1%、硝酸乙酯1.0~2.1%、氢氧化钠1.0~2.1%、氢氧化钾1.0~2.1%、水18~22%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂,其特征在于,由以下重量百分比的原料组成:动物油70%、植物油0.7%、烷基苯0.3%、一乙醇胺0.25%、二乙醇胺0.25%、三乙醇胺0.25%、硝酸异辛脂1.65%、硝酸异丙脂1.65%、硝酸乙酯1.65%、氢氧化钠1.65%、氢氧化钾1.65%、水20%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂,其特征在于,所述复合添加剂占变性甲醇的体积百分比为1~6%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂,其特征在于,所述变性甲醇占甲醇汽油的体积百分比为25~60%。
5.一种甲醇汽油复合添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:(1)按比例将动物油和水混溶到容器中并搅拌15~25min得到混合溶液Ⅰ;(2)将一乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺按比例分别放入混合溶液Ⅰ中,搅拌后静置8~12min得到混合溶液Ⅱ;(3)将植物油、氢氧化钾和氢氧化钠按比例分别放入混合溶液Ⅱ中并搅拌15~25min得到混合溶液Ⅲ;(4)将烷基苯、硝酸异辛脂、硝酸异丙脂和硝酸乙酯按比例分别放入混合溶液Ⅲ中并将容器置于超声波中超声搅拌15~25min,最终得到甲醇汽油复合添加剂。
6.权利要求1或2所述甲醇汽油复合添加剂在制备M25~M60甲醇汽油过程中的应用。
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