CN106561656A - 一种含苦皮藤素和多杀霉素的杀虫组合物 - Google Patents
一种含苦皮藤素和多杀霉素的杀虫组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106561656A CN106561656A CN201610975792.3A CN201610975792A CN106561656A CN 106561656 A CN106561656 A CN 106561656A CN 201610975792 A CN201610975792 A CN 201610975792A CN 106561656 A CN106561656 A CN 106561656A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种含苦皮藤素和多杀霉素的杀虫组合物,有效成分由多杀霉素和苦皮藤素组成,其中多杀霉素和苦皮藤素的重量比为2‑5:1‑2。本发明具有协同增效作用,用于斜纹夜蛾的防治能延缓害虫抗性的发展,减少各单剂的施用量,提高防治效果,同时有利于减少化学农药残留,符合害虫的综合治理。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农药应用技术领域,具体是一种含苦皮藤素和多杀霉素的杀虫组合物。
背景技术
斜纹夜蛾属鳞翅目,夜蛾科,是全国各地蔬菜及经济作物上的重要害虫。该虫原属于间歇性害虫,近年来由于气候及种植业结构调整等因素的影响,已经发展成常发性害虫,严重地区爆发成灾。斜纹夜蛾是一种比较典型的杂食性害虫,发生危害较重的主要有甘蓝型叶菜(油菜、甘蓝、花菜、卷心菜)、花椰菜、白菜、萝卜、豆角、辣椒、瓜类蔬菜,以及大豆、花生、玉米、棉花、西瓜等经济作物。
斜纹夜蛾由于具有较强的隐蔽性、突然爆发性、夏秋高温干旱的多发性及食性杂而又偏嗜性的特点,常使蔬菜、甘薯、棉花、花生、大豆、瓜类等作物造成重大的损失,严重挫伤了农民种植的积极性和经济效益。
多杀霉素,英文名称为:spinosad,是在多刺甘蔗多孢菌(Saccharopolysporaspinosa)发酵液中提取的一种大环内酯类无公害高效生物杀虫剂。多杀霉素广谱、高效、低毒、无公害,对害虫具有快速的触杀和胃毒作用,对叶片有较强的渗透作用,可杀死表皮下的害虫,残效期较长,对一些害虫具有一定的杀卵作用,无内吸作用。对益虫和哺乳动物安全,能有效控制的害虫包括鳞翅目、双翅目和缨翅目害虫,也能很好的防治鞘翅目和直翅目中某些大量取食叶片的害虫种类,可用于水稻、小麦、玉米、果树、蔬菜、棉花、烟草等众多作物害虫防治。
苦皮藤属卫矛科南蛇藤属多年生藤本植物,广泛分布于我国黄河、长江流域的丘陵和山区。苦皮藤的根皮和茎皮均含有多种强力杀虫成分,目前已从根皮或种子中分离鉴定出数十个新化合物,特别是从种油中获得4个结晶,即苦皮藤酯I-Ⅳ、从根皮中获得5个纯天然产物,即苦皮藤素I-V。这些苦皮藤重的杀虫活性成分均简称为苦皮藤素(celastrusangulatus)。
多杀霉素是防治斜纹夜蛾比较好的药剂之一,但由于长时间频繁单一的施用,造成斜纹夜蛾的抗性加大,防治效果不理想。在农业生产中,通过不同作用机制的农药成分进行复配,是延缓病虫害抗性的一个简单而便捷的途径。目前以多杀霉素与苦皮藤素为有效成分的混合物用于斜纹夜蛾的防治尚无报道与应用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,提供一种含苦皮藤素和多杀霉素的杀虫组合物,以解决在斜纹夜蛾的防治中因单一频繁的使用多杀霉素造成害虫抗性加大、防治效果下降的实际问题。
本发明采用以下技术方案:一种含苦皮藤素和多杀霉素的杀虫组合物,有效成分由多杀霉素和苦皮藤素组成,多杀霉素和苦皮藤素的重量比为2-5:1-2,优选的,多杀霉素和苦皮藤素的重量比为5:2。
所述的杀虫组合物,多杀霉素在组合物的重量百分比为2-5%,苦皮藤素在组合物中的重量百分比为0.5-2%。
所述的杀虫组合物按照本领域技术人员所公知的方法,加入相应辅助剂,制成水乳剂、悬浮剂等农业上可接受的剂型。
所述的杀虫组合物的辅助剂包括溶剂、乳化剂、润湿剂、稳定剂、消泡剂、增稠剂或其它有益于有效成分在制剂中稳定和药效发挥的已知物质,都是农药制剂领域中常用或允许使用的各种成分。
与现有技术相比,本发明具备以下技术效果:
(1)多杀霉素和苦皮藤素混配后对斜纹夜蛾的毒力协同增效作用显著,能减少各单剂的施用量,提高防治效果,减轻农药残留,减少施药次数和用药量,降低农药成本。
(2)多杀霉素和苦皮藤素的作用机理不同,相互混用能延缓害虫抗药性发展,有利于延长多杀霉素的使用寿命。
具体实施方式
以下结合测定杀虫剂活性的室内联合毒力测定试验及大田药效试验对本发明的技术方案和技术效果作进一步说明,本发明所述的百分比均为重量百分比。
发明人通过大量的筛选试验,发现多杀霉素与苦皮藤素在一定配比范围内混配对斜纹夜蛾的毒力有协同增效作用,其效果不仅仅是两种药剂的简单相加,具体用以下生物测定实例加以说明。
一、生物测定实施例
实施例1:多杀霉素、苦皮藤素及其混剂对斜纹夜蛾的室内毒力测定
试验采用浸叶接虫法:将供试药剂配成一定浓度的母液,再以清水稀释成5个梯度浓度待用,设清水为对照。取新鲜的芋头叶片剪成约50mm长的大小基本一致的片段,将剪好的叶片在配制好的供试药液中浸渍10秒,取出让其自然晾干后放入事先垫有滤纸的培养皿(φ120mm)中。然后在皿中接入人工饲养的2龄幼虫,每皿15头,每个浓度3个重复。置于温室内培养,于72小时后检查记录死亡情况,计算死亡率,并根据机率值分析法求出毒力回归方程、相关系数和致死中浓度LC50。
根据孙云沛的共毒系数法(CTC)来评价药剂混用的联合作用,即当共毒系数(CTC)≥120时,组合物表现为增效作用;当CTC≤80时,组合物表现为拮抗作用;当80<CTC<120时,组合物表现为相加作用。
试验结果见表1。
表1多杀霉素、苦皮藤素及其混剂对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力测定表(72h)
供试药剂 | 配比 | LC50(mg/L) | 共毒系数(CTC) |
多杀霉素(A) | / | 1.74 | / |
苦皮藤素(B) | / | 1.95 | / |
A:B | 2:1 | 1.42 | 127.3 |
A:B | 3:1 | 1.32 | 135.3 |
A:B | 3:2 | 1.35 | 134.6 |
A:B | 4:1 | 1.22 | 145.8 |
A:B | 5:1 | 1.13 | 156.2 |
A:B | 5:2 | 1.09 | 164.7 |
A:B | 1:5 | 1.82 | 105.0 |
A:B | 1:9 | 2.48 | 77.4 |
表1联合毒力测试的结果表明,多杀霉素和苦皮藤素重量比为2-5:1-2混配对斜纹夜蛾的共毒系数(CTC)均大于120,具有协同增效作用,当多杀霉素和苦皮藤素的重量比为5:2时,共毒系数最大,增效最为显著,有利于减少各单剂的使用量,降低农药成本。
二、制备实施例
实施例1:3.5%多杀霉素·苦皮藤素悬浮剂(多杀霉素∶苦皮藤素=5:2)
按量称取多杀霉素2.5%、苦皮藤素1.0%、烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚2.5%(分散剂)、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚磷酸酯2.5%(润湿剂)、聚乙烯醇1.5%(增稠剂)、黄原胶0.5%、有机硅0.3%(消泡剂),去离子水补足至100%。
实施例2:2.5%多杀霉素·苦皮藤素悬浮剂(多杀霉素∶苦皮藤素=4:1)
按量称取多杀霉素2.0%、苦皮藤素0.5%、烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚3.5%(分散剂)、聚萘甲醛磺酸钠5.0%(润湿剂)、乙二醇2.5%(抗冻剂)、黄原胶0.8%、有机硅0.3%(消泡剂),去离子水补足至100%。
实施例1-2的制备方法是:将各组份按配方的比例混合均匀,经研磨和高速剪切后得到含有多杀霉素·苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物,剂型为悬浮剂。
实施例3:4.0%多杀霉素·苦皮藤素水乳剂(多杀霉素∶苦皮藤素=3:1)
按量称取多杀霉素3.0%、苦皮藤素1.0%、2%壬基酚聚氧乙烯(EO=10)醚磷酸酯、2%三苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯(农乳600#磷酸酯)、二甲苯10%、十二烷基苯磺酸钙3.6%、有机硅0.5%、水补足至100%。
实施例4:7.0%多杀霉素·苦皮藤素水乳剂(多杀霉素∶苦皮藤素=5:2)
按量称取多杀霉素5%、苦皮藤素2%、2%壬基酚聚氧乙烯(EO=10)醚磷酸酯、2%三苯乙基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯(农乳600#磷酸酯)、二甲苯10%、十二烷基苯磺酸钙5.0%、有机硅0.8%、环己酮3.5%,水补足至100%。
实施例3-4的制备方法为:将将各组份按配方的比例混合均匀,经反应釜的高速搅拌和剪切机的高速剪切,即制得多杀霉素·苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物,剂型为水乳剂。
三、大田药效实施例
实施例1:制备实施例中的实施例1所得的制剂用于防治花生斜纹夜蛾的田间试验
(1)试验设计:试验设置4个处理,每个处理3次重复,包含一个空白对照(CK),采用常规喷雾法,喷药时力求均匀周到,虫龄为2-3龄幼虫,分别药后3天、7天、12天调查防效。
处理1#:3.5%多杀霉素·苦皮藤素悬浮剂(配比为2.5:1),兑水稀释1000倍;
处理2#:5%多杀霉素悬浮剂,兑水稀释500倍;
处理3#:2%苦皮藤素悬浮剂,兑水稀释400倍;
处理4#:空白对照(CK)
(2)试验结果:
施药后3天,处理1-3#的防效分别为89.5%、78.2%和74.3%;施药后7天,处理1-3#的防效分别为95.4%、83.7%和78.9%;施药后12天,处理1-3#防效分别为87.4%、72.6%和74.3%。这说明多杀霉素与苦皮藤素复配后增效作用明显,对斜纹夜蛾的防治效果、速效性和持效性均明显好于各单剂。
实施例2:制备实施例中的实施例3所得的制剂用于防治芋头斜纹夜蛾的田间试验
(1)试验设计:试验设置4个处理,每个处理3次重复,包含一个空白对照(CK),采用常规喷雾法,喷药时力求均匀周到,虫龄为2-3龄幼虫,分别药后3天、7天、12天调查防效。
处理1#:4%多杀霉素·苦皮藤素悬浮剂(配比为3:1),兑水稀释1500倍;
处理2#:5%多杀霉素悬浮剂,兑水稀释750倍;
处理3#:2%苦皮藤素悬浮剂,兑水稀释500倍;
处理4#:空白对照(CK)
(2)试验结果:
施药后3天,处理1-3#的防效分别为95.6%、84.8%和81.3%;施药后7天,处理1-3#的防效分别为92.3%、81.5%和78.4%;施药后12天,处理1-3#防效分别为86.4%、68.7%和72.5%。这说明多杀霉素与苦皮藤素复配后增效作用明显,对斜纹夜蛾的防治效果、速效性和持效性均明显好于各单剂。
综上所述,本发明的组合物是采用两种不同作用机理的活性成分复配,其活性和杀虫效果不是各组分活性的简单叠加,与现有的单一制剂相比,除具有显著的杀虫效果外,而且有显著的增效作用,速效性高、持效性长,能减缓斜纹夜蛾抗性发展,对作物安全性好,符合农药制剂的安全性要求。
Claims (4)
1.一种含苦皮藤素和多杀霉素的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,有效成分由多杀霉素和苦皮藤素组成,多杀霉素和苦皮藤素的重量比为2-5:1-2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,多杀霉素和苦皮藤素的重量比为5:2。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的杀虫组合物,其特征在于,多杀霉素在组合物的重量百分比为2-5%,苦皮藤素在组合物中的重量百分比为0.5-2%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的杀虫组合物,其特征在于所述的杀虫组合物制备成为水乳剂或悬浮剂。
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