CN106552815B - 废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法 - Google Patents
废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106552815B CN106552815B CN201611071762.6A CN201611071762A CN106552815B CN 106552815 B CN106552815 B CN 106552815B CN 201611071762 A CN201611071762 A CN 201611071762A CN 106552815 B CN106552815 B CN 106552815B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- chip
- straightening
- crimping
- repeatedly
- titanium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013332 literature search Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/32—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提出一种废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压‑压直变形固化方法,包括如下步骤:(1)Ti切屑回收预处理:清洗钛切屑,去除油污和杂质;(2)Ti切屑烘干去气:将步骤(1)预处理后的钛切屑进行烘干去气;(3)Ti切屑的冷压预处理:将步骤(2)取得的烘干Ti切屑置入冷压模具,通过液压机对Ti切屑进行初步压实;(4)反复折压‑压直变形高温固化加工:加热模具,液压机冲头施加挤压力,通过反复折压‑压直变形固化Ti切屑,在折压工序中采用锲形上压板和锲形下砧座将条状Ti切屑试样折弯,再通过上下压直板将折弯试样重新压直,由此反复进行;(5)淬火:将步骤(4)中获得的块体Ti材通过水冷方式淬火冷却至室温。
Description
技术领域
本发明是属于金属材料加工领域,涉及废弃金属资源的固相循环与再利用,特别是针对高冶炼成本的钛资源,研发一种高效清洁的钛切屑再制造新技术。尤其涉及到一种废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法。
背景技术
钛是高冶炼成本的金属资源,其生物相容性优异、耐蚀性好、力学性能适宜,是制造医疗器械、人工关节、大型能源化工容器等的重要材料。但是,为了制造高精度Ti结构,需设计较大的加工余量,大量的原材料将转化为废弃切屑。传统的高温熔铸处理能耗大、污染重,效率低,且铸造组织晶粒粗大,性能较差。固相循环与再制造因避免高温熔铸,是实现金属资源高效、清洁循环的一个有效途径。通过对现有技术的文献检索发现,将等通道转角挤压(Equal channel angular pressing,简称ECAP)技术应用于处理金属切屑,能够细化晶粒,改善再制造材料的微观组织形态,提高机械性能。Lapovok等在《Journal of MaterialsScience》2014年49卷1193-1204页上发表“Multicomponent materials from machiningchips compacted by equal-channel angular pressing(由等通道转角挤压切屑成形制备多组分材料)”一文,报道了通过铝切屑及镁切屑的相互混合,由ECAP循环再生多组分合金材料;Luo等在《Journal ofMaterials Science》2010年45卷4606-4612页上发表“Recycling of titanium machining chips by severe plastic deformationconsolidation(钛切屑的剧烈塑性变形固态循环)”一文,提出通过回收废弃的2级钛(ASTMGrade 2)切屑,并由ECAP技术来循环再制造块体材料。此外,Zhao等在《ScriptaMaterialia》2008年59卷542-545页上发表“Microstructure and properties of puretitanium processed by equal-channel angular pressing at room temperature”(室温等通道转角挤压制备纯钛的微观结构与性能)一文,在室温下用单道次ECAP变形处理钛材。为了减少变形抗力,ECAP模具夹角由90度增加到120度,且挤压速率也较低(0.5mm/s),这降低了ECAP的应变累积率和加工效率。
Valiev等在《Advanced Engineering Materials》2007年9卷527-533页上发表“The innovation potential of bulk nanostructured materials”(块体纳米材料的革新潜力)一文,提出两步法加工块体超细晶材料,该技术包括120度转角的ECAP预挤压,以及最终挤压两个步骤,通过这种集成制造工艺,可由棒材制备成形具有轴对称棘轮外廓形状的微电子机械零件。Zhu等在《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A-PhysicalMetallurgy and Materials Science》2001年32卷1559-1562页上发表“A new route tobulk nanostructured metals”(块体纳米金属的新途径)一文,提出制备块体纳米金属的重复弯曲与校直(Repetitive corrugation and straightening,简称RCS)技术,不同于ECAP的剪切应变模式,RCS技术采用弯曲变形模式加工试样,经过14道次的RCS变形,制备出6650mm的块体纳米/亚微米金属材料。
废弃金属切屑循环处理的传统技术是重熔与铸造。然而,高温熔铸能耗大、污染重,效率低,且铸造组织晶粒粗大,机械性能较差。为避免高温熔铸,可采用固相烧结方式。但是,钛(Ti)是易于氧化的活泼金属,其切屑表面氧化物以TiO2形式存在,其质地坚韧,虽然经过多道次ECAP处理后氧化物能够一定程度地破碎、弥散,但是,较大氧化物的连续分布将形成微观组织中的冶金缺陷,削弱材料的机械性能。ECAP加工还存在细化极限,即当动态再结晶与应变细化效应达到平衡时,则ECAP将难以使微观组织进一步细化。而且,ECAP的应变累积率和加工效率有待提高。以上技术问题目前尚未很好地解决。
因此,我们有必要对这样一种结构进行改善,以克服上述缺陷。
发明内容
废弃金属资源的循环与再制造是实现可持续发展的关键之一。传统的高温熔铸处理能耗大、污染重,效率低,且铸造组织晶粒粗大,性能较差。固相循环与再制造因避免高温熔铸,是实现金属资源高效、清洁循环的一个有效途径。本发明的目的,是基于固相再制造的理念,研发一种针对高冶炼成本的Ti资源的反复折压-压直变形固化再制造技术,以克服现有技术存在的上述缺点,提高应变累积与加工效率,制备出全致密化的大尺寸块体Ti材,实现废弃Ti切屑的高效、清洁回收再利用。
本发明为解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)Ti切屑回收预处理:清洗钛切屑,去除油污和杂质;
(2)Ti切屑烘干去气:将步骤(1)预处理后的钛切屑进行烘干去气;
(3)Ti切屑的冷压预处理:将步骤(2)取得的烘干Ti切屑置入冷压模具,通过液压机对Ti切屑进行初步压实;
(4)反复折压-压直变形高温固化加工:加热模具,液压机冲头施加挤压力,通过反复折压-压直变形固化Ti切屑,在折压工序中采用锲形上压板和锲形下砧座将条状Ti切屑试样折弯,再通过上下压直板将折弯试样重新压直,由此反复进行;
(5)淬火:将步骤(4)中获得的块体Ti材通过水冷方式淬火冷却至室温。
进一步的,步骤(1)中以端铣2级Ti所生成的切屑为原材料,采用99.9%的乙醇在超声波振动槽内清洗Ti切屑,以去除原材料中的油污和杂质。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,将步骤(1)预处理后取得的钛切屑放入烘箱,在60℃温度下干燥40min。
进一步的,步骤(3)中,将步骤(2)取得的烘干Ti切屑置入固定润滑剂层-铜箔空腔的冷压模具,再将含Ti切屑的冷压模具安装在液压机上,将冲头放入模具进口通道,并持续提高冲头的压强,至~750MPa时停止冷压。
进一步的,步骤(4)中,加热模具至570-600℃,冲头施加0.9~1.2GPa的挤压力,通过反复折压-压直变形固化Ti切屑,在折压工序中采用锲形上压板和锲形下砧座将条状Ti切屑试样折弯,再通过上下压直板将折弯试样重新压直,由此反复进行;在折压和压直工序之间,试样绕其轴线旋转180度,以促进变形和晶粒组织的均匀性;通过8道次变形,获取组织均匀的细晶材料,并彻底消除冶金缺陷。
进一步的,反复折压-压直变形的温度控制在600℃以下。
在本发明中,反复折压-压直变形的温度控制在600℃以下,故相较于高温熔铸(~1200℃)或放电等离子烧结(~900℃)等其它技术,反复折压-压直变形技术能够有效地抑制晶粒粗化,保证获得超细微观组织。利用该技术处理2级Ti(ASTM Grade 2)切屑,获得含氧量~0.28wt%的块体Ti材,其屈服强度约为450-500MPa。在近似2级Ti(ASTM Grade 2)含氧量的水平上,再制造Ti材获得高于2级Ti商业棒材的屈服强度(300-350MPa)。
本发明的优点在于:
废弃金属切屑循环处理的传统技术是重熔+铸造。然而,高温熔铸能耗大、污染重,效率低,且铸造组织晶粒粗大,机械性能较差。为避免高温熔铸,可采用固相处理方式。但是,在固相处理Ti切屑时,现有的ECAP技术有其局限。Ti易于氧化,其切屑表面氧化物以TiO2形式存在,质地坚韧,ECAP技术单道次加工的应变累积效率低。即使经多道次处理后,氧化物在一定程度上破碎、弥散,但是,较大氧化物的连续分布将形成微观组织中的冶金缺陷,削弱材料的机械性能。同时,ECAP加工存在细化极限,即当动态再结晶与应变细化效应达到平衡时,则ECAP将难以使微观组织进一步细化。这些技术问题目前尚未很好地解决。
本发明工艺操作简单实用,可控性强,加工效率高,特别适用于开展大规模工业生产。通过反复折压-压直变形工艺在570-600℃下固化Ti切屑。在折压工序中(如图1),采用锲形上压板和锲形下砧座将条状Ti切屑试样折弯,再通过上下压直板将折弯试样重新压直,由此反复进行。在折压和压直工序之间,试样绕其轴线旋转180度,以促进变形和晶粒组织的均匀性。该技术能够给变形试样提供较大的应变累积率。在每道次折压与压直加工后,试样材料的形状和尺寸保持不变,能够方便地加工较大尺寸的块体材料,顺利实现切屑试样的全致密固化。通过8道次变形,获取组织均匀的细晶材料,并彻底消除冶金缺陷。由于变形温度控制在600℃以下,故相较于高温熔铸(~1200℃)或放电等离子烧结(~900℃)等其它技术,本发明的反复折压-压直变形技术能够有效地抑制晶粒粗化,在最大程度上保留变形处理后的超细微观组织。利用该技术处理2级Ti(ASTM Grade 2)切屑,通过再制造,再生Ti材的强度高于2级Ti商业棒材。本发明是一种高效清洁的金属资源固相循环处理技术,其避免了高温熔铸,适用于开展以Ti为代表的高冶炼成本金属资源的回收与再制造。
附图说明
图1是本发明提出的废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法中反复折压-压直变形再制造工艺示意图。
图中数字和字母所表示的相应部件名称:
1、锲形上压板 2、锲形下砧座 3、钛切屑条状试样 4、上压直板 5、压直下砧座 6、钛切屑折弯试样
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合图示与具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
如图1所示,本发明提出的废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法具体工序包括:Ti切屑回收预处理、Ti切屑烘干去气、Ti切屑的冷压预处理、反复折压-压直变形高温固化加工和淬火工序。
(1)-Ti切屑回收预处理:以端铣2级Ti(ASTM Grade 2)所生成的切屑为原材料,搜集切屑后,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(Inductively coupled plasma atomicemission spectroscopy,简称ICP-AES)分析其化学成分(质量百分比,wt.%),分析结果如表1所示。由表1可知,经铣削加工的2级Ti切屑其化学成分(含氧量)符合ASTM标准范围。同时,采用99.9%的乙醇在超声波振动槽内清洗Ti切屑,以去除原材料中的油污和杂质等。
(2)-Ti切屑烘干去气:将由步骤(1)取得的Ti切屑放入烘箱,在60℃温度下干燥40min。此步骤的目的是去除吸附在切屑表面的水蒸气,以及残余的挥发性气体等,减少后续固化处理中出现气孔缺陷的可能性。
(3)-Ti切屑的冷压预处理:用不锈钢箔包裹立方形条状钢坯,所述钢坯外形轮廓尺寸略小于冷压模具型腔三维尺寸,钢箔外再裹一层石墨纸(固体润滑剂),将钢坯-钢箔-固体润滑剂层置入冷压模具型腔,取出钢坯,形成固体润滑剂层-钢箔空腔,将由步骤(2)取得的烘干Ti切屑置入冷压模具,再将含Ti切屑的冷压模具安装在液压机上,将冲头放入模具进口通道,并持续提高冲头的压强,至~750MPa时停止冷压。此步骤可进一步提高切屑的紧实度,防止BM-Ti切屑在高温固化中过度氧化。经阿基米德法(Archimedes)测定,室温预挤压的Ti切屑其相对密度>99.0%。
(4)-反复折压-压直变形高温固化加工:用铠装电热毯包裹模具,加热至600℃以下的某一水平(例如,600℃),并由温度控制器稳定温度在±1℃的范围。针对步骤(3)得到的Ti切屑冷压坯,开展高温固化加工。冲头施加~1.2GPa的挤压力,通过反复折压-压直变形工艺固化Ti切屑。在折压工序中(如图1),采用锲形上压板和锲形下砧座将条状Ti切屑试样折弯,再通过上下压直板将折弯试样重新压直,由此反复进行。在折压和压直工序之间,试样绕其轴线旋转180度,以促进变形和晶粒组织的均匀性。该技术能够给变形试样提供较大的应变累积率。在每道次折压与压直加工后,试样材料的形状和尺寸保持不变,能够方便地加工较大尺寸的块体材料,顺利实现切屑试样的全致密固化。通过8道次变形,获取组织均匀的细晶材料,并彻底消除冶金缺陷。通过阿基米德法测定,块体再制造Ti材实现全致密化(相对密度近99.99%)。在扫描电子显微镜下多点观察,未发现微观孔隙存在。采用ICP-AES分析Ti材化学成分,其结果如表1所示。由表1可知,再制造Ti材的氧含量由原始切屑的0.15wt%升至0.28wt%,仍近似于2级Ti(ASTM Grade 2)的含氧量。同时,通过线切割~4.00×4.00×6.00mm试样,并在万能材料试验机上开展性能测试,发现再制造Ti材的屈服强度450-500MPa。
(5)-淬火:将由步骤(4)高温固化获得的块体Ti材通过水冷方式淬火冷却至室温。
表1是采用ICP-AES技术分析初始Ti切屑,以及反复折压-压直变形再制造后Ti切屑的化学成分。
表1
元素 | 0 | N | C | Fe |
初始Ti切屑(wt.%) | 0.15 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.10 |
反复折压-压直变形Ti切屑(wt.%) | 0.28 | 0.02 | 0.03 | - |
本发明的新颖性在于:本发明是通过回收废弃钛切屑,开发反复折压-压直变形固化新技术,用以实施固态循环与再制造,从而获得块体高强度钛材的一种技术方法。
本发明的创造性在于:本发明创造性地将反复折压-压直变形固化技术应用于回收、处理废弃钛切屑,是一种新的钛资源固态循环与再制造方法,能够高效、清洁地将废弃钛切屑转变为块体高强度钛材。
本发明的实用性在于:本发明实用可行,能够高效地再制造出块体钛材,并获得超细组织和高强度。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。
Claims (6)
1.废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)Ti切屑回收预处理:清洗钛切屑,去除油污和杂质;
(2)Ti切屑烘干去气:将步骤(1)预处理后的钛切屑进行烘干去气;
(3)Ti切屑的冷压预处理:将步骤(2)取得的烘干Ti切屑置入冷压模具,通过液压机对Ti切屑进行初步压实;
(4)反复折压-压直变形高温固化加工:加热模具,液压机冲头施加挤压力,通过反复折压-压直变形固化Ti切屑,在折压工序中采用锲形上压板和锲形下砧座将条状Ti切屑试样折弯,再通过上下压直板将折弯试样重新压直,由此反复进行;
(5)淬火:将步骤(4)中获得的块体Ti材通过水冷方式淬火冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中以端铣2级Ti所生成的切屑为原材料,采用99.9%的乙醇在超声波振动槽内清洗Ti切屑,以去除原材料中的油污和杂质。
3.根据权利要求1所述的废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,将步骤(1)预处理后取得的钛切屑放入烘箱,在60℃温度下干燥40min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,将步骤(2)取得的烘干Ti切屑置入固定润滑剂层-铜箔空腔的冷压模具,再将含Ti切屑的冷压模具安装在液压机上,将冲头放入模具进口通道,并持续提高冲头的压强,至~750MPa时停止冷压。
5.根据权利要求1所述的废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,加热模具至570-600℃,冲头施加0.9~1.2GPa的挤压力,通过反复折压-压直变形固化Ti切屑,在折压工序中采用锲形上压板和锲形下砧座将条状Ti切屑试样折弯,再通过上下压直板将折弯试样重新压直,由此反复进行;在折压和压直工序之间,试样绕其轴线旋转180度,以促进变形和晶粒组织的均匀性;通过8道次变形,获取组织均匀的细晶材料,并彻底消除冶金缺陷。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法,其特征在于:反复折压-压直变形的温度控制在600℃以下。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201611071762.6A CN106552815B (zh) | 2016-11-29 | 2016-11-29 | 废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201611071762.6A CN106552815B (zh) | 2016-11-29 | 2016-11-29 | 废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106552815A CN106552815A (zh) | 2017-04-05 |
CN106552815B true CN106552815B (zh) | 2019-01-29 |
Family
ID=58445527
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201611071762.6A Expired - Fee Related CN106552815B (zh) | 2016-11-29 | 2016-11-29 | 废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106552815B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109047363A (zh) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-21 | 江苏科技大学 | 一种制备块体超细晶材料的反复挤镦模具与方法 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101116879A (zh) * | 2007-09-11 | 2008-02-06 | 华南理工大学 | 一种等通道挤压装置 |
CN201338093Y (zh) * | 2009-02-19 | 2009-11-04 | 上海交通大学 | 制备块体超细晶材料的反复挤压装置 |
CN201959995U (zh) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-09-07 | 宁国双宁机械有限公司 | 一种波轮轴冲齿挤压模具 |
JP2015202451A (ja) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-11-16 | 水野興業株式会社 | 金属材料の再資源化のための処理方法 |
CN105618501A (zh) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-06-01 | 上海电机学院 | 废弃钛切屑的球磨-等通道转角挤压再制造方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-11-29 CN CN201611071762.6A patent/CN106552815B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101116879A (zh) * | 2007-09-11 | 2008-02-06 | 华南理工大学 | 一种等通道挤压装置 |
CN201338093Y (zh) * | 2009-02-19 | 2009-11-04 | 上海交通大学 | 制备块体超细晶材料的反复挤压装置 |
CN201959995U (zh) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-09-07 | 宁国双宁机械有限公司 | 一种波轮轴冲齿挤压模具 |
JP2015202451A (ja) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-11-16 | 水野興業株式会社 | 金属材料の再資源化のための処理方法 |
CN105618501A (zh) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-06-01 | 上海电机学院 | 废弃钛切屑的球磨-等通道转角挤压再制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN106552815A (zh) | 2017-04-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN105618501B (zh) | 废弃钛切屑的球磨-等通道转角挤压再制造方法 | |
CN103572087B (zh) | 碳化硼颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN106583411B (zh) | 钛废弃切屑循环固化的锲弯-辊直变形方法 | |
Kumar et al. | The nature of tensile ductility as controlled by extreme-sized pores in powder metallurgy Ti-6Al-4V alloy | |
Mahmutyazicioglu et al. | Effects of alumina (Al2O3) addition on the cell structure and mechanical properties of 6061 foams | |
Feng et al. | Phase evolution and microstructure characteristics of ultrafine Ti (C, N)-based cermet by spark plasma sintering | |
Al-Alimi et al. | Development of metal matrix composites and related forming techniques by direct recycling of light metals: A review | |
CN106694891A (zh) | 一种钛切屑的球磨电场压力辅助烧结再制造方法与装置 | |
CN106552815B (zh) | 废弃钛切屑再制造的反复折压-压直变形固化方法 | |
Vijaya Bhaskar et al. | Synthesis and characterization of multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) reinforced sintered magnesium matrix composites | |
CN106392085A (zh) | 废弃钛切屑循环固化的球磨‑缩径往复挤压方法 | |
Wang et al. | Microstructure and mechanical properties of 7055 Al alloy prepared under different sintering conditions using powder by-products | |
Zhang et al. | Effect of hot isostatic pressing on the microstructure and properties of magnesium silicide–silicon carbide/aluminum alloy (AlSi7Cu2Mg) composites | |
CN106694890A (zh) | 钛废弃切屑循环固化的球磨‑高压扭转方法 | |
CN106493372A (zh) | 纯钛废弃切屑循环处理的球磨‑弯曲通道挤压固化方法 | |
CN105112697A (zh) | (Ti@Al3Ti)p/Al基自生复合材料粉末触变成形方法 | |
Monish et al. | Manufacturing and characterisation of magnesium composites reinforced by nanoparticles: a review | |
CN107803408A (zh) | 一种利用第二相强化SiC颗粒增强复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN110076208B (zh) | 废弃钛合金切屑连续反复弯曲-折弯挤压循环再制造方法 | |
Abd El Aal | Recycling of Al chips and Al chips composites using high-pressure torsion | |
CN106552944A (zh) | 钛切屑循环处理的多转角挤压固化方法 | |
CN106825585A (zh) | 一种钛切屑循环再制造的放电快速固结方法与装置 | |
Sun et al. | Synthesis and consolidation of TiAl by MA–PDS process from sponge-Ti and chip-Al | |
CN106734297A (zh) | 钛废弃切屑再制造的t型通道挤压固化方法 | |
Skrzekut et al. | Research on the consolidation and strengthening of Ti6Al4V-GO sinters |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20190129 Termination date: 20211129 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |