CN106546518A - A kind of method based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration - Google Patents
A kind of method based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration Download PDFInfo
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- CN106546518A CN106546518A CN201610933893.4A CN201610933893A CN106546518A CN 106546518 A CN106546518 A CN 106546518A CN 201610933893 A CN201610933893 A CN 201610933893A CN 106546518 A CN106546518 A CN 106546518A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration, including：The rear scattered signal that scattering object in water is received using acoustic Doppler current profiler obtains echo intensity；According to sonar equation, it is considered to which the geonetrical attenuation and attenuation by absorption of sound wave is corrected to echo intensity, obtains volume backscatter intensity；According to the volume backscatter intensity obtained after correction, according to Rayleigh scattering principle, the suspended particle thing concentration of high-spatial and temporal resolution is finally finally inversed by.The present invention can obtain more accurate suspended particulate matter concentration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ocean suspended particulate substance fields of measurement, and in particular to a kind of suspended particulate matter concentration measuring method.
Background technology
Suspended particulate matter concentration is one of emphasis of oceanographic observation research, field observation suspended particulate substance dynamic process most base
This spatial and temporal variation for seeking to clear and definite concentration of suspension.The current observation to concentration of suspension is based primarily upon four kinds of sides
Method, is live directly sampling sucking filtration, optics back scattering technology, laser low-angle forward scattering technology respectively, and after acoustics
To scattering technology.Although the concentration of suspension sequence or section of high frequency can be obtained through accurate correction using optical meanss,
The only measurement of point or line, and optical instrument is easily disturbed by biological attachment, and is measured as intrusive mood, disturbs water body.Using sound
Learn the e measurement technology not interference flowing field of instrument echo signal inverting concentration of suspension, inanimate object attachment, and with higher space-time
Resolution.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of method and its operation side based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration
Method, it is therefore intended that avoid impact of the interference and biological attachment during suspended particulate substance is measured to water body to measuring, it is real
The measurement of existing high-spatial and temporal resolution suspended particulate matter concentration, it is described below.
A kind of method based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration, comprises the following steps：
1) the rear scattered signal for receiving scattering object in water using acoustic Doppler current profiler obtains echo intensity；
2) according to sonar equation, it is considered to which the geonetrical attenuation and attenuation by absorption of sound wave is corrected to echo intensity, obtains body
Product backscatter intensity；Correction includes：State correction and speed of sound correction；Spherical diffusion and Near field acoustic are corrected；Absorption by Sea Water declines
Correction down；Suspended particulate substance absorbs scatter correction and particle diameter correction；
3) according to the volume backscatter intensity obtained after correction, according to Rayleigh scattering principle, finally it is finally inversed by high space-time
The suspended particle thing concentration of resolution, the volume backscatter intensity computational methods are：
SV=C+10lg (Tx+273.16)+20lg(ψR)-LDBW-PDBW+2αR+Kc(E-Er)
Wherein, SVFor volume backscatter intensity；C is represented and the performance-relevant constant of acoustic Doppler current profiler；Tx
For transducer temperature；R be float along acoustic wave beam direction with a distance from transducer, it is relevant with the inclination angle theta of transducer；ψ is near
Field correction function；LDBWAnd PDBWRespectively transducer launches the logarithm of pulse length L and transmission power P of sound wave, LDBW=
10lgL, PDBW=10lgP；α is the attenuation by absorption coefficient of sea water and float to sound wave；E is acoustic Doppler current profiler
The echo intensity for receiving；Er is Noise Background value；KcFor scale factor, for acoustic Doppler current profiler is received
Echo intensity be scaled legal unit of measurement decibel.
Preferably, the Near field acoustic correction function：
Ψ=[1+1.35Z+ (2.5Z)3.2]/[1.35Z+(25Z)3.2]
Wherein, Z=R/Rc, it is the sonic propagation distance of nondimensionalization, defines critical distance Rc=π at 2/ λ, a in formulatFor sound
Learn lowered acoustic Doppler current transducer radius；λ is wave length of sound, and c is acoustic velocity.
The suspended particulate substance absorbs scatter correction and particle diameter bearing calibration is：Totality is measured using live laser particle analyzer
Product concentration profile estimation decay of the suspended particulate substance to sound wave.
The method based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration of the present invention, on the basis of acoustics back scattering technology,
The spherical diffusion of sound wave, the velocity of sound, noise background, float and sea water are considered to processes such as the decay of sound wave, obtain more essence
True suspended particulate matter concentration.Meanwhile, the method convection cell non interference, with stronger anti-attachment ability.And can be even
The continuous flow velocity and echo strength for measuring whole water body vertical cross section simultaneously, realizes the survey of high-spatial and temporal resolution suspended particulate matter concentration
Amount.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method schematic diagram based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration of the present invention；
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, further is made to embodiment of the present invention below
Ground is described in detail.
The embodiment of the present invention describes a kind of method based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration, it is therefore intended that realize high
The measurement of spatial and temporal resolution suspended particulate matter concentration, the especially measurement of larger particles concentration.Specific implementation step is as follows：
1st, acoustic Doppler current profiler is put in sea water and is pinpointed or walked boat observation, dissipated by receiving in water
The rear scattered signal of beam obtains echo intensity.
2nd, the calculating of volume backscatter intensity.
SV=C+10lg (Tx+273.16)+20lg(ψR)-LDBW-PDBW+2αR+Kc(E-Er)
Wherein, SVFor volume backscatter intensity；C is represented and the performance-relevant constant of acoustic Doppler current profiler；Tx
For transducer temperature (DEG C)；R be float along acoustic wave beam direction from (m) with a distance from transducer, have with the inclination angle theta of transducer
Close；ψ is near field correction function；LDBWAnd PDBWRespectively transducer launches pulse length L (m) and transmission power P (W) of sound wave
Logarithm, wherein LDBW=10lgL, PDBW=10lgP；α is the attenuation by absorption coefficient (dB/m) of sea water and float to sound wave；E is
The echo intensity (count) that acoustic Doppler current profiler is received；Er is Noise Background value (count)；KcFor ratio because
Sub (dB/count), for acoustic Doppler current profiler is scaled legal unit of measurement decibel from note unit count.Formula
In considered the spherical diffusion of sound wave, the trimming process of the velocity of sound, noise background, float and sea water to SATT etc..
3rd, Near field acoustic correction is carried out, as non-spherical diffusion of the sound wave in sound source near field loses can acoustic wave energy, is
This is necessary to carry out sound wave near field correction.Define critical distance Rc=π at 2/ λ, a in formulatChange for acoustic Doppler current profiler
Can device radius (m)；λ=c/f, is wave length of sound (m), and wherein c is acoustic velocity, and temperature, salinity with observation site, depth have
Close；F is the frequency that acoustic Doppler current profiler launches sound wave.For the water layer less than critical distance, sound wave is considered as
Near field correction：
Ψ=[1+1.35Z+ (2.5Z)3.2]/[1.35Z+(25Z)3.2]
In formula, Z=R/Rc, it is the sonic propagation distance of nondimensionalization.
4th, sound wave pulse length and transmission power are determined.Sound wave pulse length can be from the two of acoustic Doppler current profiler
Read in binary data.Acoustic emission power is 8 (0.38066Vxmit/32)2, wherein VxmitIt is for emitting voltage, how general from acoustics
Read in strangling the binary data of ocean current profile instrument.
5th, carry out Noise Background correction.Product [the K of scale factor and echo intensity with the difference of Noise Background valuec(E-Er)]
For correcting the impact that real-time noise is received to acoustic signals.When real-time noise background valuess are that no acoustic signals return transducer
The echo intensity recorded by acoustic Doppler current profiler, can be obtained with three kinds of methods, specially：
(1) acoustic Doppler current profiler is placed in clear water by instructing measure in laboratory.
(2) on-site measurement, puts acoustic Doppler current profiler above deck, allow its work in atmosphere one section when
Between, in this period echo intensity recorded by acoustic Doppler current profiler is also believed to Noise Background value.
(3) the real time measure, is operated setting to acoustic Doppler current profiler, and the water layer number that it measures is set to
128 layers, the 128th layer of echo intensity is taken as real-time noise background valuess.Scale factor is instrument self character and transducer
The functional value of temperature, specially Kc=127.13/ (Tx+273)。
6th, sea water and float correction for attenuation.2 α R are used for the correction of sea water and float attenuation by absorption, α=αw+αs, in formula
αwRepresent decay of the pure sea water to sound wave；αsRepresent that absorption of the float to sound wave is scattered.Decay master of the pure sea water to sound wave
Temperature, pressure, salinity, pH value and the acoustic emission frequency depended on by sea water.Decay of the float to sound wave is divided into two
Point, a part is " stickiness absorption ", and another part is scattering.Sea water and particle are vibrated in next of the driving of sound wave, by
Sea water is greater than in the inertia of particle, speed difference between the two forms " viscous boundary layer " in particle surface, causes
Mechanical energy is consumed, and is converted into heat energy.This part is exactly " stickiness absorption " of the particle to acoustic wave energy.On the other hand, hang
Incident acoustic wave is scattered to floating particles the loss that acoustic wave energy is also resulted in all directions.Lead in each water layer suspended particulate substance
The SATT factor alpha of causes,iIt is expressed as：
Wherein, δ, τ, β, Kα,γk,γρRespectively：
In formula, cviThe volumetric concentration of i-th water layer float is represented, this method is measured using live laser particle analyzer
Total volume concentration as the i-th water layer float volumetric concentration estimating decay of the suspended particulate substance to sound wave；ρ, k are respectively close
Degree and coefficient of elasticity, k=1/ ρ；σ is density ratio ρ of float and sea waters/ρw；γk,γρThe respectively bullet of float and sea water
Property coefficient and density ratio；ν is seawater movement viscosity coefficient, typically takes 10-6m2/s；ω is sound wave angular frequency；K is sound wave ripple
Number；αsEnchashment field laser particle analyzer measures the mean diameter that observation is obtained.Suspended particulate substance at n-th water layer is to the total of sound wave
Decay to αs,n2 α of=Σs,iR, in formula, r is water layer thickness.
7th, the calculating of suspended particle thing concentration.Based on Rayleigh scattering principle, volume backscatter intensity (SV) can express
For SV=10lgcsm+ b, in formula, csmFor concentration of suspension；B=10 × lg (as 3)+10lg(3γk4/ρs), wherein k is that acoustics is more
It is general to strangle the wave number that ocean current profile instrument launches sound wave；αs 3For the three cubed root-mean-square of float particle diameter；ρsFor aerosol density；γ is fixed
Justice is material constant, is the function of particulate matter elasticity and density.For the error that the significant changes for eliminating aerosol density are brought,
Slightly deform the volume backscatter intensity that can obtain being represented with volumetric concentration (cv) to above formula:SV=10lgcv+b1, in formula, b1
=10 × lg (3 γ k4as 3).Within the scope of it is assumed that observation area float particle diameter falls, laser particle analyzer can be detected at the scene,
Observe the volumetric concentration section for obtaining to can be used to demarcate volume backscatter intensity by it.Measured using live laser particle analyzer
Float Size can be calculated αs 3, then the particle diameter item of intercept b in formula is transplanted to the equal sign left side, body is incorporated into
In the calculating of product backscatter intensity, Particle size correction is carried out.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration, comprises the following steps：
1) the rear scattered signal for receiving scattering object in water using acoustic Doppler current profiler obtains echo intensity；
2) according to sonar equation, it is considered to which the geonetrical attenuation and attenuation by absorption of sound wave is corrected to echo intensity, after obtaining volume
To scattering strength；Correction includes：State correction and speed of sound correction；Spherical diffusion and Near field acoustic are corrected；Absorption by Sea Water decay school
Just；Suspended particulate substance absorbs scatter correction and particle diameter correction；
3) according to the volume backscatter intensity obtained after correction, according to Rayleigh scattering principle, finally it is finally inversed by high time-space resolution
The suspended particle thing concentration of rate.The volume backscatter intensity computational methods are：
SV=C+10lg (Tx+273.16)+20lg(ψR)-LDBW-PDBW+2αR+Kc(E-Er)
Wherein, SVFor volume backscatter intensity；C is represented and the performance-relevant constant of acoustic Doppler current profiler；TxTo change
Can device temperature；R be float along acoustic wave beam direction with a distance from transducer, it is relevant with the inclination angle theta of transducer；ψ is near field school
Positive function；LDBWAnd PDBWRespectively transducer launches the logarithm of pulse length L and transmission power P of sound wave, LDBW=10lgL,
PDBW=10lgP；α is the attenuation by absorption coefficient of sea water and float to sound wave；E is received for acoustic Doppler current profiler
Echo intensity；Er is Noise Background value；KcFor scale factor, for the echo for receiving acoustic Doppler current profiler
Intensity conversion is legal unit of measurement decibel.
2. the method based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the near field
Acoustic correction function：
Ψ=[1+1.35Z+ (2.5Z)3.2]/[1.35Z+(25Z)3.2]
Wherein, Z=R/Rc, it is the sonic propagation distance of nondimensionalization, defines critical distance Rc=π at 2/ λ, a in formulatIt is many for acoustics
General Le ocean current profile instrument transducer radius；λ is wave length of sound, and c is acoustic velocity.
3. the method based on acoustics inverting suspended particulate matter concentration according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the suspension
Particulate adsorbent scatter correction and particle diameter bearing calibration are：The estimation of total volume concentration section is measured using live laser particle analyzer outstanding
Decay of the floating particles thing to sound wave.
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| CN107132522A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-05 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Many base sonar multiple access resoluting signal generation methods with low intercepting and capturing characteristic |
| CN107764247A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-06 | 董梦宁 | Monitoring sediment instrument and monitoring sediment system |
| CN107976387A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-01 | 天津科技大学 | A kind of bottom sediment settling flux limit stress measuring method and observation device |
| CN108037048A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-15 | 天津科技大学 | A kind of in-situ measuring method and device of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress |
| CN108732070A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-11-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of suspension bed sediment scattering strength measuring device based on pulse tube |
| CN110568427A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-13 | 杭州瑞利海洋装备有限公司 | Reverberation parameter inversion method based on ADCP flow measurement signal |
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| CN112098289A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-18 | 中国海洋大学 | Device and method for measuring concentration of ocean suspended particulate matters based on digital image processing |
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| CN107976387A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-01 | 天津科技大学 | A kind of bottom sediment settling flux limit stress measuring method and observation device |
| CN108037048A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-15 | 天津科技大学 | A kind of in-situ measuring method and device of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress |
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| CN108732070A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-11-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of suspension bed sediment scattering strength measuring device based on pulse tube |
| CN110568427A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-13 | 杭州瑞利海洋装备有限公司 | Reverberation parameter inversion method based on ADCP flow measurement signal |
| CN110568427B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-04-16 | 杭州瑞利海洋装备有限公司 | Reverberation parameter inversion method based on ADCP flow measurement signal |
| CN110850415A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-28 | 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 | Method for searching for micro-plastic by using shipborne Doppler current meter |
| CN112098289A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-12-18 | 中国海洋大学 | Device and method for measuring concentration of ocean suspended particulate matters based on digital image processing |
| CN112098289B (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-04-20 | 中国海洋大学 | Device and method for measuring concentration of ocean suspended particulate matters based on digital image processing |
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