CN108037048A - A kind of in-situ measuring method and device of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress - Google Patents
A kind of in-situ measuring method and device of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN108037048A CN108037048A CN201711201859.9A CN201711201859A CN108037048A CN 108037048 A CN108037048 A CN 108037048A CN 201711201859 A CN201711201859 A CN 201711201859A CN 108037048 A CN108037048 A CN 108037048A
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- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000002379 ultrasonic velocimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
- G01N15/042—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions by centrifuging and investigating centrifugates
- G01N2015/045—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions by centrifuging and investigating centrifugates by optical analysis
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of in-situ measuring method of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress, step are as follows：Step 1 sets instrument parameter；Step 2 lays observation device；Step 3 obtains each instrument initial data；Step 4 reads echo intensity, the flow velocity of three-D high frequency point type current meter and the back scattering turbidity data of optics back scattering transmissometer of Doppler's flow velocity section plotter and is pre-processed；Step 5 calculates backscatter intensity SV, flow velocity, bottom stress, turbidity, calibration mass concentration, backscatter intensity SV, use SVInverting suspended matter mass concentration SSC；Step 6 calculates SSC to time-derivative, when derivative is for negative value and when being kept for more than ten minutes, is determined as that sedimentation event occurs, sedimentation frequency occurs for statistics, calculates sedimentation limit stress.Present invention has the advantages that：Energy completes prolonged automatic Observation, data store and obtain continuous data, and noiseless to water body；The data processing and application of science are realized to suspended matter mass concentration and bottom stress.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oceanographic sedimentation dynamics field, more particularly to a kind of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress
In-situ measuring method and observation device.
Background technology
The sedimentation of seawater suspended particulate substance is one of major issue of sediment dynamics research, and in site measurement can obtain the
Proficiency data information, is to study that the problem is most preferable, most comprehensive method, can same stepping using three-D high frequency point type current meter
The measurement of row flow velocity (estimation bottom stress) and echo intensity (inverting suspended matter mass concentration), both data are to carry out suspended matter
The basis of dynamics research.
In order to realize the estimation to seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress, that is, judge the institute occurred in observation scope
There is sedimentation event, calculate the limit stress of suspended particulate substance sedimentation, it is necessary to a set of observation device of reasonable design, and provide a set of
The scheme of perfect data processing and application.Wherein, ADCP, which can measure echo intensity, ADV, can measure flow velocity, and OBS can be with
Turbidity is measured, and CTD can obtain temperature, salt, deep data；Echo intensity can be converted into average external volume backscatter intensity, and
Average external volume Backscatter intensity can calculate suspended matter mass concentration；" turbulence pulsation correlation method " is utilized to can be evaluated whether bottom stress.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of according to suspended matter mass concentration and bottom stress judgement sedimentation
Event, the limit stress in-situ measuring method and observation device for calculating the sedimentation of seawater suspended particulate substance.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation is faced
The in-situ measuring method of boundary's stress, step are as follows：Step 1：The parameter for setting each instrument in observation device is adjusted, observation device includes：
Acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument, three-D high frequency point type current meter, optics back scattering transmissometer and conductivity-temperature-depth system, parameter setting
Including sampling configuration, frequency, work beginning and ending time；Step 2：Observation device is laid, observation device is placed into seabed；Step 3：
Observation device is withdrawn from seabed after observation, obtains and respectively takes instrument initial data；Step 4：Digital independent and initial data are located in advance
Reason, reads echo intensity, the stream of three-D high frequency point type current meter in site measurement of acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument in site measurement
Speed and optics back scattering transmissometer in site measurement back scattering turbidity data and pre-processed；Step 5：According to step
Four echo intensity calculates backscatter intensity SV, flow relocity calculation bottom stress, turbidity be demarcated as mass concentration, and further use it
Demarcate backscatter intensity SV, use SVInverting suspended matter mass concentration SSC；Step 6：According to the suspended matter mass concentration of step 5
SSC, calculates SSC to the derivative of time, when derivative is for negative value and when being kept for more than ten minutes, is determined as that sedimentation event, system occurs
Sedimentation frequency occurs for meter, and calculates corresponding bottom stress respectively, finally, determines the sedimentation limit stress of deposit.
Each instrument parameter of step 1 device, sampling configuration are continuously or discontinuously to sample；Acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile
The sample frequency of instrument, three-D high frequency point type current meter and optics back scattering transmissometer is respectively 2Hz, 32Hz and 1Hz；Acoustics is more
The general blind area for strangling fluid velocity profile instrument and thickness are respectively 0.5m and 0.5m；The attack time of each instrument is consistent.
Original turbidity data of the step 4 initial data pretreatment measured by optics back scattering transmissometer goes different
Constant value, first the progress time is averaged, and demarcates and obtain the mass concentration sequence of high frequency；What acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument measured returns
Sound first removes blind area numerical value, exceptional value, and linear interpolation is carried out to vacancy, and the progress time is averaged；Three-D high frequency point type current meter
The flow velocity measured first does denoising, goes thick value, then with linear interpolation polishing, finally carries out the time and is averaged.
The progress time averaging time is 0.5-5min.
A kind of observation device of the in-situ measuring method of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress, including：Body, connection
The base support of body and some side wall support bars, the body bottom portion are equipped with supporting plate, be equipped with above the supporting plate battery compartment and
Acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument, the side wall support bar are equipped with optics back scattering transmissometer and conductivity-temperature-depth system and three-D high frequency
Point type current meter.
The installation site of acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument is to be higher than acoustics away from bottom 1m, the installation of optics back scattering transmissometer
Doppler's flow velocity section plotter.
The body is stainless steel cylindrical body structure, and the side wall support bar is stainless steel tube.
The base support sets three fulcrums, and each fulcrum is designed with an anti-settling lower margin disk, the anti-settling
The lead of weight and size, the spur long 10cm, diameter 2cm of the lead lower end such as it is equipped with below lower margin disk.
The supporting plate is fixed equipped with one end, and the other end is movable instrument clip.
The body is equipped with hanging ring.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Prolonged automatic Observation can be completed with flying colors, data are stored and obtained continuous
Data, and it is noiseless to water body；And the data processing and application of science are realized to suspended matter mass concentration and bottom stress.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the in-situ observation schematic device that seawater suspended particulate substance settles limit stress；
Fig. 2 is the in site measurement flow diagram that seawater suspended particulate substance settles limit stress.
Wherein：
1st, body 2, base support 3, hanging ring
4th, side wall support bar 5, anti-settling lower margin 6, lead
7th, battery compartment 8, acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument
9th, optics back scattering transmissometer
10th, conductivity-temperature-depth system 11, supporting plate 12, three-D high frequency point type current meter
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of technical solution of the in-situ observation device of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress, bag
Include：Body 1, the base support 2 for connecting body 1 and some side wall support bars 4, body bottom portion are equipped with supporting plate 11, above supporting plate 11
Equipped with battery compartment 7 and acoustics doppler flow speed section plotter 8, side wall support bar 4 is respectively equipped with optics back scattering transmissometer 9, temperature
Salt depth instrument 10 and three-D high frequency point type current meter 12, body 1 are equipped with hanging ring 3, and anti-settling is arranged below in the fulcrum of base support 2
Lower margin disk 5, anti-settling lower margin disk 5 are equipped with lead 6 below.
Observation device selects seawater corrosion resistance and can effectively prevent the stainless steel material making of biological attachment, such as 316L types
Number；Device pedestal stent 2 sets three fulcrums, and each point has a disk, deeper sea-bottom deposit is absorbed in prevent locking apparatus
In thing；The lead 6 of equivalent weight and size is poured below disk, the long 10cm diameters 2cm of wedge angle, is to penetrate seabed in order to facilitate it
Deposit, and keep firm, larger displacement does not occur during operation；1 part of device body is cylindrical body structure, purpose
It is to reduce the resistance of advection；The top of body 1 is equipped with semicircle ring type hanging ring, facilitates laying and recycling for device.
Due to, equipped with different instruments, in order to ensure the firm of instrument, being welded on device in 1 bottom of cylindrical body of device
Stainless steel plate is connect, is formed for placing the platform of acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument 8 and battery compartment 7；And the clip that designs an apparatus, its
Clip is fixed on device by middle one end by drilling, and the other end is movable, and screw tightening is used after instrument is put, each folder
Cuckoo lattice are consistent with each instrument respectively.
Acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument 8 is installed on the platform of 1 structure of cylindrical body of device, upwards observation, electricity
Pond storehouse 7 is placed on right side, and is power supply to acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument 8 by cable；To make acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile
Instrument 8 highly corresponds to blind area that is consistent, and considering acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument 8 with 9 data of optics back scattering transmissometer,
Optics back scattering transmissometer 9 is fixed on 4 steel pipe of side wall support bar on cylindrical body 1, highly than acoustic Doppler stream
Fast 8 high 0.5 meters of section plotter, conductivity-temperature-depth system 10, three-D high frequency point type current meter 12 are individually placed on the vertical steel pipe of opposite side, with
Measurement is investigated fundamental information, the three-D high frequency point type current meters 12 such as the ocean temperature in marine site, salinity and is observed downwards.
Device is transported to investigation and specifies marine site by utility efficiency ship, is slowly transferred device by suspension method, final flat
Surely it is placed on seabed and completes observation mission.Pass through hawser retraction mechanism after the completion of observation mission.
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of technical solution of the in-situ measuring method of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress, including
Step is as follows：Step 1：Tune sets observation instrument parameter, and observation instrument includes：Acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument, three-D high frequency point
Formula current meter, optics back scattering transmissometer and conductivity-temperature-depth system, parameter setting include sampling configuration, frequency, work beginning and ending time；
Step 2：Observation instrument is laid, observation device is placed into seabed；Step 3：Observation device is withdrawn from seabed after observation, is obtained
Take initial data；Step 4：Digital independent and initial data pretreatment, read acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument in site measurement
Echo intensity, the flow velocity of three-D high frequency point type current meter in site measurement and the backward of optics back scattering transmissometer in site measurement dissipate
Penetrate turbidity data and pre-processed；Step 5：The echo intensity meter measured according to step 4 acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument
Calculate backscatter intensity SV, the turbidity that optics back scattering transmissometer measures is demarcated as mass concentration and is further demarcated with it
Backscatter intensity SV, use SVInverting suspended matter mass concentration SSC；The stream measured according to step 4 three-D high frequency point type current meter
Speed calculates bottom stress, step 6：According to the mutation of the suspended matter mass concentration SSC of step 5, determine to occur sedimentation event and right
The bottom stress answered, it is to calculate derivatives of the suspended matter mass concentration SSC to the time that sedimentation event, which occurs,When derivative occurs
During negative value, and kept for more than ten minutes time, be determined as that sedimentation event occurs, determined that the sedimentation of seawater suspended particulate substance is critical and answer
Power.And the τ corresponding to first moment that current sedimentation event occurs is set to the limit stress of sedimentation, when being processed as observation
Interior data, can obtain multiple sedimentation event, the number of the sedimentation event occurred in the statistical process time, and calculate each
The sedimentation limit stress of sedimentation event.
The instrument that the present invention uses：Acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument (Acoustic Doppler Current
Profilers), abbreviation ADCP, optics back scattering transmissometer (Optical Back Scattering), abbreviation OBS, thermohaline
Deep instrument (Conductivity Temperature Depth), abbreviation CTD, three-D high frequency point type current meter (Acoustic
Doppler Velocimetry), abbreviation ADV.The turbidity data of E, OBS of ADCP, the thermohaline data of CTD, calculate Sv, wherein,
Thermohaline and turbidity data are used for the correction of Sv；Sv is used to estimate SSC；Using the flow speed data of ADV, τ is calculated.
Judge the sedimentation event of suspended particulate substance：If SSC undergoing mutation in time, i.e. SSC dashes forward the derivative of time
So become and turn to negative value, and remain less than null value ten minutes, judge there occurs the sedimentation of a suspended particulate substance, in this way, screening simultaneously
All suspended particulate substances sedimentation event occurred in the observation scope, observation time is counted.
Settle the estimation of limit stress：All suspended particulate substances sedimentation thing occurred in the observation scope, observation time
In part, the τ corresponding to each sedimentation event start time is the sedimentation limit stress of the sedimentation event, finally, passes through statistics
Means, give the scope and average value of the observation place seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress.
Sv=C+10lg (Tx+273.16)+20lg(ψR)-LDBW-PDBW+2αR+Kc(E-Er)(1)
Wherein, C represents the constant dB related with ADCP, only related with the model of ADCP；Tx represents the temperature of transducer, should
Parameter is one of ADCP output datas；R is distance of the suspended matter along sound wave direction apart from transducer；ψ is near field correction function；
LDBW=10lgL, L are pulse length, PDBW=10lgP, P be ADCP sound wave output powers, LDBW and PDBW with ADCP in itself
Relating to parameters；α is the attenuation by absorption coefficient of seawater and suspended particulate substance to sound wave；E is the echo intensity that ADCP is received；Er
The echo intensity noise figure received for ADCP；Kc is the transformation ratio that echo intensity is converted to decibel；By calculating it is average after
Decibel is unified into scattering strength unit.
Wherein "-" represents assemblage Reynolds average, u ', v ', and w ' is respectively three velocity component flutter components, and ρ is close for water body
Degree.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God and any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. within principle, done, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of in-situ measuring method of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress, step are as follows：
Step 1：The parameter for setting each instrument in observation device is adjusted, observation device includes：Acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument, three-dimensional
High frequency point type current meter, optics back scattering transmissometer and conductivity-temperature-depth system, parameter setting include sampling configuration, frequency, work
The only time；
Step 2：Observation device is laid, observation device is placed into seabed；
Step 3：Observation device is withdrawn from seabed after observation, obtains and respectively takes instrument initial data；
Step 4：Digital independent and initial data pretreatment, the echo for reading acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument in site measurement are strong
Degree, the flow velocity of three-D high frequency point type current meter in site measurement and the back scattering turbidity of optics back scattering transmissometer in site measurement
Data and pre-processed；
Step 5：Backscatter intensity S is calculated according to the echo intensity of step 4V, flow relocity calculation bottom stress, turbidity be demarcated as matter
Concentration is measured, and further demarcates backscatter intensity S with itV, use SVInverting suspended matter mass concentration SSC；
Step 6：According to the suspended matter mass concentration SSC of step 5, derivatives of the SSC to the time is calculated, when derivative is negative value and guarantor
When holding more than ten minutes, it is determined as that sedimentation event occurs, sedimentation frequency occurs for statistics, and calculates corresponding bottom stress respectively, most
Afterwards, the sedimentation limit stress of deposit is determined.
2. a kind of in-situ measuring method of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress according to claim 1, its feature
It is：Each instrument parameter of step 1 device, sampling configuration are continuously or discontinuously to sample；Acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument, three
The sample frequency for tieing up high frequency point type current meter and optics back scattering transmissometer is respectively 2Hz, 32Hz and 1Hz；Acoustic Doppler
The blind area of fluid velocity profile instrument and thickness are respectively 0.5m and 0.5m；The attack time of each instrument is consistent.
3. a kind of in-situ measuring method of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress according to claim 2, its feature
It is：Original turbidity data of the step 4 initial data pretreatment measured by optics back scattering transmissometer goes exceptional value,
First the progress time is averaged, and demarcates and obtain the mass concentration sequence of high frequency；The echo that acoustic Doppler fluid velocity profile instrument measures is first
Blind area numerical value, exceptional value are removed, linear interpolation is carried out to vacancy, the progress time is averaged；Three-D high frequency point type current meter measures
Flow velocity first do denoising, go thick value, then with linear interpolation polishing, finally carrying out the time is averaged.
4. a kind of in-situ measuring method of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress according to claim 3, its feature
It is：The progress time averaging time is 0.5-5min.
A kind of a kind of 5. sight of the in-situ measuring method of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress for described in claim 1
Device is surveyed, it is characterized in that, including：The base support (2) and some side wall support bars (4) of body (1), connection body (1), it is described
Body bottom portion is equipped with supporting plate (11), and the supporting plate (11) is equipped with battery compartment (7) and acoustics doppler flow speed section plotter (8) above,
The side wall support bar (4) is equipped with optics back scattering transmissometer (9) and conductivity-temperature-depth system (10) and three-D high frequency point type current meter
(12)。
6. the in-situ observation device of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：Sound
The installation site for learning Doppler's flow velocity section plotter is to be higher than acoustic Doppler flow velocity away from bottom 1m, the installation of optics back scattering transmissometer
Section plotter.
7. the in-situ observation device of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：Institute
It is stainless steel cylindrical body structure to state body (1), and the side wall support bar (4) is stainless steel tube.
8. the in-situ observation device of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：Institute
State base support and three fulcrums are set, each fulcrum is designed with an anti-settling lower margin disk (5), the anti-settling lower margin disk
(5) lead (6) of weight and size, the spur long 10cm, diameter 2cm of lead (6) lower end are equipped with etc. below.
9. the in-situ observation device of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：Institute
State supporting plate (11) to fix equipped with one end, the other end is movable instrument clip.
10. the in-situ observation device of seawater suspended particulate substance sedimentation limit stress according to claim 5, it is characterized in that：
The body (1) is equipped with hanging ring (3).
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| CN114896757A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-08-12 | 首都师范大学 | Ground settlement modeling method based on near-field dynamics theory |
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| CN114896757A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-08-12 | 首都师范大学 | Ground settlement modeling method based on near-field dynamics theory |
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Application publication date: 20180515 |