CN106546492B - A kind of Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system - Google Patents
A kind of Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106546492B CN106546492B CN201610966022.2A CN201610966022A CN106546492B CN 106546492 B CN106546492 B CN 106546492B CN 201610966022 A CN201610966022 A CN 201610966022A CN 106546492 B CN106546492 B CN 106546492B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system, including axis pressure loading subsystem, confined pressure loading subsystem and Background control computer；Axis pressure loading subsystem is arranged at the top of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured, has the first displacement meter on axis pressure loading subsystem, axis pressure loading subsystem and the first displacement meter pass through connection Background control computer respectively；Rubber layer is enclosed with cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side wall to be measured, confined pressure loading subsystem is arranged on rubber layer outer surface, there are multiple second displacement meters, confined pressure loading subsystem and multiple second displacement meters pass through connection Background control computer respectively in confined pressure loading subsystem；Counter-force fixed frame module is arranged with outside multiple confined pressure loading subsystems.Advantage：Simple in structure, easy to use, during experiment, Rock And Soil test block has the deformation space of abundance and the confined pressure stablized, while realizes and the globality of the Rock And Soil deformation of creep is monitored in real time, and measurement structure is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of instrument of the three axis creep test of Rock And Soil, more particularly to a kind of Rock And Soil large scale is in situ
Triaxial creep test system.
Background technology
Creep refers to that solid material under conditions of keeping stress constant, is strained with time lengthening and increased phenomenon.Rock
Soil body creep can cause the generation of destruction or the geological disaster of human engineering, such as cave in, settlement of foundation, landslide etc..Ground
Body creep test is to measure the important means of its long-term mechanical behavior, and therefore, the research significance of Rock And Soil creep is great.
At present, have numerous studies for Rock And Soil creep, while all kinds of creep test methods are also come into being, such as
Shear creep test, uniaxial compressive creep test, normal triaxial (false three axis) and true triaxial creep test etc., for different type
Creep test method have developed corresponding test apparatus.Conventional Rock And Soil creep test is often with single shaft, false three axis
Laboratory test is relatively conventional, and uniaxial test have ignored the influence of test block confined pressure, and false triaxial test then have ignored test block respectively to enclosing
The inequality of pressure.In contrast, large scale Rock And Soil three axis creep test in situ can more accurately reflect Rock And Soil in physical condition
Under true stress and creep behaviour.Therefore, the research significance of large scale Rock And Soil three axis creep test in situ is great.
At present, Rock And Soil three axis creep test is mostly laboratory test, and it is smaller to study Rock And Soil test block size, for original position
The three axis creep test research of large scale Rock And Soil is less.The RXZJ-20000 types servo microcomputer control rock that Changjiang Academy of sciences develops
Body true triaxial in-situ creep test system, is the Large Field servo test instrument for being currently in domestic and international advanced level, to grind
Study carefully creep of the deep rock mass under the conditions of multiaxial stress and effective means are provided, and be successfully applied to case history.Pin
Column rock mass test block to cross section for square, the hydraulic pressure steel sleeper of the system, can be with rock mass while stable confined pressure is provided
Test block is deformed and freely stretched, and deformation space is provided for rock mass test block deformation；The system is by amesdial to each center side of rock mass
Place's monitoring rock mass test block deformation.It follows that the deformable amount of system liquid compressed steel pillow need to meet rock mass test block deformation of creep amount,
Need that the deformation of the side rock mass test block can be characterized at the rock mass test block surface deformation of amesdial monitoring at the same time.Therefore, for
The Rock And Soil (soft rock, the soil body or soil-rock mixture) of larger deformation of creep amount can occur, when the hydraulic pressure steel sleeper of flat can not carry
When supplying space needed for the Rock And Soil deformation of creep, which will be unable to successfully be tested；Simultaneously as Rock And Soil is (especially soft
Rock, the soil body or soil-rock mixture) there are inhomogeneities, the rock mass areal deformation monitoring of a single point is possibly to be characterized for side deformation
The deformation of whole Rock And Soil test block side.Further, since the system is kept stablizing confined pressure, and the hydraulic pressure steel by hydraulic pressure steel sleeper
The flexible face area of pillow is larger, when test block fraction deforms, can cause stress concentration at the deformation, i.e., being born at deformation should
Power is more than set confined pressure, and remaining place that do not deform in the flexible face bears pressure and will be less than set confined pressure, so
The system is for Rock And Soil (the especially Rock And Soil of the easily generation inhomogeneous deformation such as soft rock, the soil body or soil-rock mixture) creep test
It is not easy to provide stable confined pressure.
To sum up above-mentioned, large scale Rock And Soil three axis creep test in situ can study more real Rock And Soil creep, its
Research significance is great.And it is current, the three axis creep test research of large scale Rock And Soil in situ is less, and existing test method and phase
Instrument is answered to there is certain deficiency, the triaxial creep test system of large scale Rock And Soil in situ is urgently further researched and developed.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system, have
The defects of overcoming the prior art of effect.
The technical solution that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：A kind of Rock And Soil large scale original position three axis creep test
System, including axis pressure loading subsystem, confined pressure loading subsystem and Background control computer；
Above-mentioned axis pressure loading subsystem is arranged at the top of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured, is had on above-mentioned axis pressure loading subsystem
It is useful for detecting the first displacement meter of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block Axial creep deformation quantity to be measured, above-mentioned axis pressure loading subsystem and the
One displacement meter is respectively by connection Background control computer, and above-mentioned Background control computer control shaft pressure loading subsystem is to be measured
The test block of the cylindricality soil body provides axis pressure, makes cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured that axial and lateral creep occur, then examined by the first displacement meter
Measure Axial creep deformation quantity and feed back to Background control computer；
Rubber layer is enclosed with above-mentioned cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side wall to be measured, above-mentioned confined pressure loading subsystem is disposed around above-mentioned
Rubber layer outer surface, above-mentioned confined pressure loading subsystem is interior to be had for detecting the more of the lateral Creep Deformation amount of cylindricality Rock And Soil to be measured
A second displacement meter, above-mentioned confined pressure loading subsystem and multiple second displacement meters pass through the above-mentioned Background control electricity of connection respectively
Brain, above-mentioned Background control computer control confined pressure loading subsystem provide lateral confined pressure to cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured, then by more
A second displacement meter detects lateral Creep Deformation amount and feeds back to Background control computer respectively；
Counter-force fixed frame module is arranged with outside above-mentioned confined pressure loading subsystem, for providing side pressure to confined pressure loading subsystem
Counter-force.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Simple in structure, easy to use, during three axis creep test, Rock And Soil test block has
Sufficient deformation space and the confined pressure stablized, while realize and the globality of the Rock And Soil deformation of creep is monitored in real time, measure
Structure is more accurate.
Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, above-mentioned cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured is the cylinder that cross section is square.
Installation confined pressure loading subsystem is easy for using the beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme.
Further, above-mentioned axis pressure loading subsystem further includes top surface force transmitting board, jack, force-transmitting pole and steel plate, above-mentioned top
Face force transmitting board is covered at the top of above-mentioned cylindricality Rock And Soil test block, and above-mentioned jack is fixed on top surface force transmitting board upper surface vertically, its
Telescopic end is set up, and above-mentioned force-transmitting pole is fixed on above-mentioned jack telescopic end, above-mentioned Interal fixation at the top of above-mentioned force-transmitting pole,
And abutted with external counter-force supporting mechanism, above-mentioned counter-force supporting mechanism is provided axial anti-by steel plate to force-transmitting pole and jack
Power, above-mentioned external first hydraulic power unit of jack, above-mentioned first hydraulic power unit pass through connection Background control electricity
Brain, above-mentioned first displacement meter are fixed by the bracket on above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame module, and its end of probe and above-mentioned top surface power transmission
Plate contacts, and above-mentioned Background control computer can control jack telescopic end to stretch by the first hydraulic power unit, when jack is stretched
When contracting end is stretched out, under the effect of axial counter-force, jack compresses axially cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is that axis pressure loading subsystem structure is simple, passes through jack and steel plate
Axis pressure is provided cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured, and the displacement of jack telescopic end is detected by the first displacement meter 26, so that
It is more convenient to the deformation quantity of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block Axial creep to be measured, use.
Further, above-mentioned confined pressure loading subsystem includes four confined pressures loading modules, four above-mentioned confined pressures loading modules
Above-mentioned four sides of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured are corresponded to respectively, and are offseted with rubber layer, and above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame module is arranged
Outside four above-mentioned confined pressure loading modules, multiple above-mentioned second displacement meters are respectively provided with each above-mentioned confined pressure loading module.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is to load subsystem to cylindricality Rock And Soil to be measured by each confined pressure
The each side of test block provides lateral confined pressure, and confined pressure is more stable, and measurement result is more accurate.
Further, each above-mentioned confined pressure loading module includes fixed frame, multiple backing plates, multiple cylinders, force transmitting board and liquid
Pressure pillow, multiple above-mentioned backing plates in matrix distribution on the rubber layer outer surface of corresponding cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side to be measured, phase
Adjacent two above-mentioned backing plate edge contacts, the rectangle and corresponding cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side to be measured shape that multiple above-mentioned backing plates are formed
Shape and area are identical, above-mentioned fixed frame be with the above-mentioned matched rectangular frame structure in cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side to be measured,
And the position of above-mentioned backing plate is positioned close to, and side corresponding with cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured is parallel, in above-mentioned fixed frame
Corresponds with above-mentioned backing plate with multiple and be in the pilot hole of matrix distribution, multiple above-mentioned cylinders and a pair of above-mentioned pilot hole one
Should, multiple above-mentioned cylinders are horizontally arranged in corresponding pilot hole respectively, and its telescopic rod is horizontally directed to corresponding above-mentioned pad
Plate, and stretch out fixed outer frame and abutted with corresponding backing plate, above-mentioned cylinder block stretches out corresponding dress away from one end of telescopic rod
Distribution is outer and abuts above-mentioned force transmitting board, and above-mentioned flat jack is arranged on the side that above-mentioned fixed frame deviates from rubber layer, and it is faced admittedly
The one side for determining frame is flexible face, and above-mentioned flexible face is connected with above-mentioned force transmitting board, and above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame module is set in each liquid
Pressure pillow is outer, and above-mentioned fixed frame is fixedly connected by screw with counter-force fixed frame module, above-mentioned external second power fluid of flat jack
Unit is pressed, above-mentioned Background control computer is by the above-mentioned second dynamicliquid pressure unit of connection, on the cylinder body of each above-mentioned cylinder
Above-mentioned second displacement meter is mounted on, and the end of probe of above-mentioned second displacement meter is horizontally directed to corresponding backing plate and is connect with it
Touch；Above-mentioned Background control computer can control the flat jack face of stretching stretch by the second dynamicliquid pressure unit, when flat jack stretches face
During stretching, corresponding cylinder is delivered to by force transmitting board, then backing plate and cylindricality Rock And Soil to be measured are delivered to by Telescopic-cylinder bar
The corresponding position of test block, cylindricality Rock And Soil test block correspondence position to be measured occur creep, by backing plate reverse extrusion telescopic rod, make gas
Relative displacement occurs between cylinder telescopic rod and cylinder body, and is detected relative displacement information by corresponding second displacement meter and is fed back to
Background control computer.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is to each side of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured by flat jack
It is overall that side pressure is provided, extrude corresponding cushion block during test block local creep so that telescopic rod stress produces change in displacement, passes through
Corresponding second displacement meter measures the deformation quantity that its displacement can obtain test block local creep, measures more convenient, Creep Deformation
Amount refine to some specific position so that measurement structure is more accurate.
Further, above-mentioned force transmitting board be equipped with it is multiple through itself and with above-mentioned cylinder correspond guide groove, above-mentioned cylinder cylinder
Body is equipped with pressure control valve away from one end of telescopic rod, and above-mentioned pressure control valve is stretched into corresponding guide groove.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is the pressure adjusted by pressure control valve in cylinder, is made in cylinder
For invariablenes pressure of liquid in setting value, security is higher, meanwhile, pressure control valve is hidden in guide groove and is hardly damaged.
Further, above-mentioned pressure control valve includes pressure control valve cylinder body, control valve piston and butterfly spring, above-mentioned pressure control
Valve barrel body one end is connected with cylinder away from one end of telescopic rod, and above-mentioned control valve piston is arranged in pressure control valve cylinder body, and
It is bonded, and can be moved along casing wall with casing wall, above-mentioned butterfly spring is arranged on control valve piston and pressure control valve cylinder body other end casing wall
Between, and its both ends is abutted with control valve piston and pressure control valve cylinder body other end casing wall respectively, above-mentioned pressure control valve
Cylinder body is equipped with pressure relief opening, and above-mentioned pressure relief opening is on the shift motion of control valve piston, when pressure is higher than setting value in cylinder
When, above-mentioned cylinder interior gas promotes control valve piston mobile to the pressure control valve cylinder body other end and compresses butterfly spring, is being moved through
Cheng Zhong, control valve piston pass through pressure relief opening, and pressure relief opening is connected with cylinder air flow, and cylinder interior gas discharges pressure release through pressure relief opening, when
When pressure is recovered to equal to setting value in cylinder, butterfly spring recovers deformation and reversely promotes control valve piston to move over pressure relief opening,
Pressure relief opening is disconnected with cylinder and connected, and pressure relief opening stops pressure release.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is that pressure control valve is simple in structure, and pressure adjusts process side
Just, fast.
Further, above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame module is by multiple horizontal and equidistant spaced counter-force fixed frame group up and down
Into above-mentioned fixed frame is fixedly connected by screw with each above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame respectively, and above-mentioned first displacement meter of institute passes through branch
Frame is fixed on the above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame of the superiors.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is that counter-force fixed frame modular structure is simple, and reaction distribution is more equal
It is even.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the section knot that confined pressure loads subsystem in Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system of the invention
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is to coordinate in the Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system of the present invention between single cylinder and cushion block
Structure diagram；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of pressure control valve in Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 5 is that the pressure release of pressure control valve in Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system of the invention uses shape
State figure.
In attached drawing, parts list represented by the reference numerals is as follows：
1st, rubber layer, 4, counter-force fixed frame module, 21, top surface force transmitting board, 22, jack, 23, force-transmitting pole, 24, steel plate,
25th, the first hydraulic power unit, the 26, first displacement meter, 31, fixed frame, 32, backing plate, 33, cylinder, 34, force transmitting board, 35, hydraulic pressure
Pillow, the 36, second dynamicliquid pressure unit, 37, second displacement meter, 41, counter-force fixed frame, 331, pressure control valve, 341, guide groove,
3311st, pressure control valve cylinder body, 3312, control valve piston, 3313, butterfly spring, 3314, pressure relief opening.
Embodiment
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment：As shown in Figure 1, the Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system of the present embodiment, including axis pressure
Load subsystem, confined pressure loading subsystem and Background control computer；
Above-mentioned axis pressure loading subsystem is arranged at the top of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured, tool in above-mentioned axis pressure loading subsystem
Be useful for detecting the first displacement meter 26 of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block Axial creep deformation quantity to be measured, above-mentioned axis pressure loading subsystem and
First displacement meter 2626 passes through connection Background control computer, above-mentioned Background control computer control shaft pressure loading subsystem respectively
Axis pressure is provided to cylindricality soil body test block to be measured, makes cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured that axial and lateral creep occur, then by first
Meter 2626 is moved to detect Axial creep deformation quantity and feed back to Background control computer；
Rubber layer 1 is enclosed with above-mentioned cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side wall to be measured, certain deformation can occur for above-mentioned rubber layer 1,
Deformation space is provided for Rock And Soil test block, above-mentioned confined pressure loading subsystem is disposed around above-mentioned 1 outer surface of rubber layer, and above-mentioned confined pressure adds
Have in subsystems by based on the multiple second displacements for detecting the lateral Creep Deformation amount of cylindricality Rock And Soil to be measured 37, above-mentioned confined pressure
Loading subsystem and multiple second displacement meters 37 pass through the above-mentioned Background control computer of connection, above-mentioned Background control computer respectively
Control confined pressure loading subsystem to provide lateral confined pressure to cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured, then examined respectively by multiple second displacement meters 37
Measure lateral Creep Deformation amount and feed back to Background control computer；
Counter-force fixed frame module 4 is arranged with outside above-mentioned confined pressure loading subsystem, for providing side to confined pressure loading subsystem
Press counter-force.
Above-mentioned cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured is the cylinder that cross section is square, wherein, the length, width and height of test block are respectively
0.5m、0.5m、1m。
Above-mentioned axis pressure loading subsystem further includes top surface force transmitting board 21, jack 22, force-transmitting pole 23 and steel plate 24, above-mentioned top
Face force transmitting board 21 is covered at the top of above-mentioned cylindricality Rock And Soil test block, and above-mentioned jack 22 is fixed on 21 upper table of top surface force transmitting board vertically
Face, its telescopic end are set up, and above-mentioned force-transmitting pole 23 is fixed on above-mentioned 22 telescopic end of jack, and above-mentioned steel plate 24 is fixed on above-mentioned
The top of force-transmitting pole 23, and being abutted with external counter-force supporting mechanism, above-mentioned counter-force supporting mechanism is by steel plate 24 to force-transmitting pole 23
Axial counter-force, above-mentioned external first hydraulic power unit 25 of jack 22, above-mentioned first hydraulic power list are provided with jack 22
Member 25 is fixed by the bracket in above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame mould by connection Background control computer, above-mentioned first displacement meter 2626
In group 4, and its end of probe is contacted with above-mentioned top surface force transmitting board 21, and above-mentioned Background control computer can pass through the first hydraulic power unit
25 control 22 telescopic ends of jack stretch, and when 22 telescopic end of jack stretches out, under the effect of axial counter-force, jack 22 is axial
Cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured is extruded, the displacement that the telescopic end of jack 22 stretches out is to be equal to the deflection of test block Axial creep,
In experimentation, whole device is put in cavern, steel plate 24 is abutted with cavern's top plate, and it is flexible that cavern's top plate provides jack 22
Counter-force when end is stretched out, and to prevent axial load is excessive from causing cavern's top plate large deformation, need chipping to provide the top plate of counter-force,
Make it into horizontal and there is larger area.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, above-mentioned confined pressure loading subsystem includes four confined pressures loading modules, and four above-mentioned confined pressures add
Carry module and correspond to above-mentioned four sides of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured respectively, and offset with rubber layer 1, above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame mould
Group 4 is set in outside four above-mentioned confined pressure loading modules, and multiple above-mentioned second displacements are respectively provided with each above-mentioned confined pressure loading module
Meter 37.
Each above-mentioned confined pressure loading module includes fixed frame 31, multiple backing plates 32, multiple cylinders 33, force transmitting board 34 and liquid
Pressure pillow 35, multiple above-mentioned backing plates 32 are in matrix distribution in 1 outer surface of rubber layer of corresponding cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side to be measured
On, two neighboring above-mentioned 32 edge of backing plate contact, the rectangle and corresponding cylindricality Rock And Soil to be measured that multiple above-mentioned backing plates 32 are formed
Test block side view and area are identical, and above-mentioned fixed frame 31 is and the matched cuboid in above-mentioned cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side to be measured
Shape frame structure, and the position of above-mentioned backing plate 32 is positioned close to, and side corresponding with cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured is parallel,
Corresponded in above-mentioned fixed frame 31 with multiple with above-mentioned backing plate 32 and in the pilot hole of matrix distribution, multiple above-mentioned cylinders 33
Corresponded with above-mentioned pilot hole, multiple above-mentioned cylinders 33 are horizontally arranged in corresponding pilot hole respectively, and its telescopic rod is equal
Corresponding above-mentioned backing plate 32 is horizontally directed to, and stretches out outside fixed frame 31 and is abutted with corresponding backing plate 32, above-mentioned 33 cylinder body of the cylinder back of the body
One end from telescopic rod is stretched out outside corresponding pilot hole and abuts above-mentioned force transmitting board 34, and above-mentioned flat jack 35 is arranged on above-mentioned solid
Determine the side that frame 31 deviates from rubber layer 1, and it is flexible face, above-mentioned flexible face and above-mentioned force transmitting board that it, which faces the one side of fixed frame 31,
34 are connected, and above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame module 4 is set in outside each flat jack 35, and above-mentioned fixed frame 31 is consolidated by screw and counter-force
Determine frame module 4 to be fixedly connected, the above-mentioned external second dynamicliquid pressure unit 36 of flat jack 35, above-mentioned Background control computer passes through circuit
Above-mentioned second dynamicliquid pressure unit 36 is connected, above-mentioned second displacement meter 37 is mounted on the cylinder body of each above-mentioned cylinder 33, and
The end of probe of above-mentioned second displacement meter 37 is horizontally directed to corresponding backing plate 32 and is in contact with it；Above-mentioned Background control computer can lead to
Cross 35 face of stretching of the second dynamicliquid pressure unit 36 control flat jack to stretch, when flat jack 35 stretches face stretching, pass through force transmitting board
34 are delivered to corresponding cylinder 33, then are delivered to backing plate 32 by 33 telescopic rod of cylinder and cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured is corresponding
Creep occurs for position, cylindricality Rock And Soil test block correspondence position to be measured, by 32 reverse extrusion telescopic rod of backing plate, makes cylinder 33 flexible
Relative displacement occurs between bar and cylinder body, and relative displacement information is detected by corresponding second displacement meter 37 and feeds back to backstage
Control computer.
Above-mentioned force transmitting board 34 be equipped with it is multiple through itself and with above-mentioned cylinder 33 correspond guide groove 341, above-mentioned cylinder 33
Cylinder body is equipped with pressure control valve 331 away from one end of telescopic rod, and above-mentioned pressure control valve 331 is stretched into corresponding guide groove 341.
As shown in Figures 4 and 5, above-mentioned pressure control valve 331 includes pressure control valve cylinder body 3311,3312 and of control valve piston
Butterfly spring 3313, above-mentioned 3311 one end of pressure control valve cylinder body are connected with cylinder 33 away from one end of telescopic rod, and above-mentioned control valve is lived
Plug 3312 is arranged in pressure control valve cylinder body 3311, and is bonded with casing wall, and can be moved along casing wall, and above-mentioned butterfly spring 3313 is set
Between 3311 other end casing wall of valve piston 3312 and pressure control valve cylinder body is controlled, and its both ends is respectively with controlling valve piston
3312 and 3311 other end casing wall of pressure control valve cylinder body abut, above-mentioned pressure control valve cylinder body 3311 is equipped with pressure relief opening
3314, above-mentioned pressure relief opening 3314 is on the shift motion of control valve piston 3312, when pressure is higher than setting value in cylinder 33,
Gas push controls valve piston 3312 mobile to 3311 other end of pressure control valve cylinder body and compresses butterfly spring in above-mentioned cylinder 33
3313, in moving process, control valve piston 3312 passes through pressure relief opening 3314, pressure relief opening 3314 and 33 airflow connection of cylinder, gas
Gas discharges pressure release through pressure relief opening 3314 in cylinder 33, and when pressure recovers to equal to setting value in cylinder 33, butterfly spring 3313 is recovered
Deformation reversely promotes control valve piston 3312 to move over pressure relief opening 3314, and pressure relief opening 3314 is disconnected with cylinder 33 and connected, lets out
Mouth 3314 is pressed to stop pressure release.
Above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame module 4 is made of multiple horizontal and equidistant spaced counter-force fixed frame 41 up and down,
Above-mentioned fixed frame 31 is fixedly connected by screw with each above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame 41 respectively, and above-mentioned first displacement meter 26 of institute passes through
Stent is fixed on the above-mentioned counter-force fixed frame 41 of the superiors.
The application method of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of Rock And Soil original position test block, prepares column Rock And Soil test block of the cross section for square, the length and width of test block
Height is respectively 0.5m, 0.5m, 1m, and test block bottom is in home state and is undisturbed；
2) confined pressure loading subsystem is installed, 1. in test block each side installation confined pressure loading module, specifically, by fixed frame
31 are installed in the every side rubber layer 1 of corresponding test block, while it is gentle that backing plate 32 is installed in each pilot hole in fixed frame 31
Cylinder 33, and ensure that 33 telescopic rod of cylinder is in horizontality, and telescopic rod end is abutted with corresponding backing plate 32, and in each gas
Second displacement meter 37 is installed on 33 cylinder body of cylinder, and ensures that second displacement meter is in horizontality, and its end of probe connects with backing plate 32
Touch, above-mentioned pilot hole sets n altogether, and each 33 inner carrier area of cylinder is S1, test block one side area is S；2. pressure control is installed
Valve 331, first, manually so that telescopic rod is moved at maximum displacement in cylinder body, then installs 331 (pressure release at this time of pressure control valve
Mouth 3314 is in cylinder 33 and disconnects connected state), pressure control valve 331 limits pressure P1, according to experiment loading confined pressure P choosings
Take, i.e. P1=S × P/ (n × S1)；3. install force transmitting board 34, ensure its parallel to Rock And Soil test block side at the same time with each cylinder 33
Cylinder body is closely contradicted away from one end end of telescopic rod, while ensures that each pressure control valve 331 is in guide groove 341, and by the
Two displacement meters 37 communication conducting wire is drawn by corresponding guide groove 341；4. installing flat jack 35, flat jack 35 is stretched, and (area is in face
S2) uniformly contacted with force transmitting board 34；Then, counter-force fixed frame module 4 is installed；Finally, flat jack 35 is connected into the second power fluid
Unit 36 is pressed, and the second dynamicliquid pressure unit 36 and second displacement meter are passed through into connection Background control computer；
3) installation axle pressure loading subsystem, first, it will thus provide cavern's top plate chipping of counter-force, makes it into horizontal and have
Larger area；Again by top surface force transmitting board 21, jack 22, force-transmitting pole 23 and steel plate 24 by being installed successively upwards at the top of test block, and
Ensure steel plate 24 smooth with cavern's top plate and closely abut；
4) experiment loading and data record, first, apply confined pressure and axis pressure, inside flat jack 35 according to experimental design
The increase of hydraulic pressure, flat jack 35 is flexible to be subjected to displacement towards test block, and promotes telescopic rod to drive corresponding piston and 33 cylinder of cylinder
Relative displacement occurs between body；When 35 hydraulic pressure of flat jack reaches P2(P2=S × P/S2) when, pressure reaches pressure in 33 cylinder body of cylinder
Strong control valve 110 limits pressure P1, and confined pressure reaches setting value P, at this time, closes the second dynamicliquid pressure unit 36, flat jack 35
Flexible face keeps current location no longer to move (i.e. fixed cylinder 33 be allowed to can not displacement), during ensureing creep test test block become
Shape space is provided by the relative displacement that telescopic rod and 33 cylinder body of cylinder occur；Realized subsequently, based on Background control computer axial compacted
The collection of deformed variants and the lateral Creep Deformation amount of multiple spot.It is worth noting that, telescopic rod displacement range need to meet that confined pressure loads
And needed for test block deformation.
Above-mentioned cylindricality Rock And Soil test block section to be detected can also be circular, carry out shape to confined pressure loading subsystem accordingly
Shape adjusts, and it is fitted close with test block outer wall.
In the present embodiment, the flexible deformation of creep space that abundance can be provided for Rock And Soil test block of 33 telescopic end of cylinder, by
Rock And Soil test block outwards constitutes change by backing plate 32, telescopic rod, second displacement meter 37, cylinder 33 and pressure control valve 331 successively
Shape measuring unit, and telescopic rod and second displacement meter 37 are in horizontality；The pressure in 33 cylinder body of cylinder of pressure control valve 331
It is closed during equal to setting pressure, when air pressure is more than its set pressure values in cylinder body, pressure relief opening 3314 and cylinder body
Airflow connection is with pressure release；When (not occurred level displacement) is fixed in cylinder body pressure-bearing side (side for deviating from telescopic rod) bottom,
Test block occurs at the deformation of creep piston being connected with telescopic rod in above-mentioned telescopic rod and cylinder 33 will to be caused to be subjected to displacement, so as to lead
Cause cylinder body in pressure increase, when in cylinder body pressure higher than pressure control valve 331 set pressure when, automatically open up pressure relief opening 3314 into
Row pressure release so as to fulfill confined pressure stabilization；The displacement of telescopic rod can reflect test block lateral deformation amount, be surveyed by second displacement meter 37
Amount；Telescopic rod displacement range need to meet needed for confined pressure loading and test block deformation.
32 area of backing plate of the deformation measurement unit of the present invention is smaller, and is covered with the backing plate 32 of multiple deformation measurement units
Rock And Soil test block side, realizes and the globality of the Rock And Soil deformation of creep is monitored in real time, more three axis creep test carries
For stablizing confined pressure, the backing plate 32 of deformation measurement unit is taken as follows compared with small area reason：If the backing plate of single deformation measurement unit
Area is larger, i.e., the monitoring range that single backing plate deforms test block side is larger, for the test block in single backing plate monitoring range,
When the only fraction of the test block in larger monitoring range deforms, then stress concentration easily occurs at the deformation, so that test block
Meet with stresses at deformation more than set confined pressure, and remaining place that do not deform meets with stresses and will be less than set confined pressure.Therefore
And for Rock And Soil (the especially Rock And Soil of the easily generation inhomogeneous deformation such as soft rock, the soil body or soil-rock mixture) creep test, it is single
The backing plate area of a deformation measurement unit is larger to be not easy to provide stable confined pressure.Therefore, the backing plate area of deformation measurement unit is smaller
The truth of test block deformation can be more accurately reflected, but practical application is considered as the requirement of mechanical technology and cost.
If pressure control valve in the present invention 331 is replaced with servo-fluid press pump to be controlled pressure in above-mentioned cylinder body, together
When save flat jack, only reaction frame is directly contacted with above-mentioned one side bottom of cylinder body pressure-bearing, can also realize experiment during enclose
The SERVO CONTROL of pressure.But the present invention ensure that confined pressure during experiment based on the pressure control valve 331 installed at pressure relief opening 3314
It is constant, more so that the whole system of the present invention is simple in structure and cost is relatively low.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The present invention one kind be used for Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system and its
Application method, has the advantages that：
(1) deformation measurement unit of the invention, can provide the deformation of creep space of abundance for Rock And Soil test block；
(2) the backing plate area of deformation measurement unit of the invention is smaller, and closely, is uniformly divided with multiple deformation measurement units
Rock And Soil test block side is distributed in, realizes and the globality of the Rock And Soil deformation of creep is monitored in real time, more Rock And Soil test block
There is provided in creep process and stablize confined pressure；
(3) application of pressure control valve so that whole system is simple in structure and cost is relatively low.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system, it is characterised in that：Loading subsystem, confined pressure are pressed including axis Load subsystem and Background control computer；The axis pressure loading subsystem is arranged at the top of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured, is had on the axis pressure loading subsystem and is used In the first displacement meter (26) for detecting cylindricality Rock And Soil test block Axial creep deformation quantity to be measured, the axis pressure loading subsystem and the One displacement meter (26) passes through connection Background control computer, the Background control computer control shaft pressure loading subsystem pair respectively Cylindricality soil body test block to be measured provides axis pressure, makes cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured that axial and lateral creep occur, then by the first displacement Meter (26) detects Axial creep deformation quantity and feeds back to Background control computer；Rubber layer (1) is enclosed with the cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side wall to be measured, the confined pressure loading subsystem is disposed around described Rubber layer (1) outer surface, the confined pressure loading subsystem is interior to be had for detecting the lateral Creep Deformation amount of cylindricality Rock And Soil to be measured Multiple second displacement meters (37), confined pressure loading subsystem and multiple second displacement meters (37) pass through connection institute respectively Background control computer is stated, the Background control computer control confined pressure loading subsystem provides cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured lateral Confined pressure, then detect lateral Creep Deformation amount respectively by multiple second displacement meters (37) and feed back to Background control computer；Counter-force fixed frame module (4) is arranged with outside the confined pressure loading subsystem, for providing side pressure to confined pressure loading subsystem Counter-force；The cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured is the cylinder that cross section is square；Confined pressure loading subsystem includes four confined pressures and loads modules, described in four confined pressures loading modules correspond to respectively Four sides of cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured, and offset with rubber layer (1), the counter-force fixed frame module (4) is set in four Outside the confined pressure loading module, multiple second displacement meters (37) are respectively provided with each confined pressure loading module；Each confined pressure loading module includes fixed frame (31), multiple backing plates (32), multiple cylinders (33), force transmitting board (34) With flat jack (35), multiple backing plates (32) are in rubber layer of the matrix distribution in corresponding cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side to be measured (1) on outer surface, two neighboring backing plate (32) the edge contact, the rectangle that multiple backing plates (32) are formed is treated with corresponding Survey cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side view and area is identical, the fixed frame (31) is and the cylindricality Rock And Soil test block side to be measured The matched rectangular frame structure in face, and the position of the backing plate (32) is positioned close to, and tried with cylindricality Rock And Soil to be measured The corresponding side of block is parallel, is corresponded in the fixed frame (31) with multiple with the backing plate (32) and in matrix distribution Pilot hole, multiple cylinders (33) and the pilot hole correspond, and multiple cylinders (33) are horizontally arranged at pair respectively In the pilot hole answered, and its telescopic rod is horizontally directed to the corresponding backing plate (32), and stretch out fixed frame (31) outside with it is corresponding Backing plate (32) abut, it is outer and described in abutting that cylinder (33) cylinder body away from one end of telescopic rod stretches out corresponding pilot hole Force transmitting board (34), the flat jack (35) is arranged on the side that the fixed frame (31) deviates from rubber layer (1), and it faces fixation The one side of frame (31) is flexible face, and the flexible face is connected with the force transmitting board (34), and the counter-force fixed frame module (4) is arranged In each flat jack (35) outside, and the fixed frame (31) is fixedly connected by screw with counter-force fixed frame module (4), the liquid Pressure pillow (35) external second dynamicliquid pressure unit (36), the Background control computer pass through the second dynamicliquid pressure described in connection Unit (36), is each mounted on the second displacement meter (37), and the second displacement meter on the cylinder body of the cylinder (33) (37) end of probe is horizontally directed to corresponding backing plate (32) and is in contact with it；The Background control computer can pass through the second power The flexible face of hydraulic pressure unit (36) control flat jack (35) is stretched, and when flat jack (35) stretches face stretching, is passed through force transmitting board (34) Corresponding cylinder (33) is delivered to, then backing plate (32) and cylindricality Rock And Soil test block pair to be measured are delivered to by cylinder (33) telescopic rod The position answered, provides cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured stable confined pressure, when cylindricality Rock And Soil test block correspondence position to be measured occurs During lateral creep, by backing plate (32) reverse extrusion telescopic rod, make cylinder (33) that relative displacement occur between telescopic rod and cylinder body, And relative displacement information is detected by corresponding second displacement meter (37) and feeds back to Background control computer.
- A kind of 2. Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described Axis pressure loading subsystem further includes top surface force transmitting board (21), jack (22), force-transmitting pole (23) and steel plate (24), and the top surface passes Power plate (21) is covered at the top of the cylindricality Rock And Soil test block, and the jack (22) is fixed on top surface force transmitting board (21) vertically Surface, its telescopic end are set up, and the force-transmitting pole (23) is fixed on the jack (22) telescopic end, and the steel plate (24) is solid It is scheduled at the top of the force-transmitting pole (23), and is abutted with external counter-force supporting mechanism, the counter-force supporting mechanism passes through steel plate (24) axial counter-force, external first hydraulic power unit of jack (22) are provided to force-transmitting pole (23) and jack (22) (25), first hydraulic power unit (25) is passed through by connection Background control computer, first displacement meter (26) Stent is fixed on the counter-force fixed frame module (4), and its end of probe is contacted with the top surface force transmitting board (21), the backstage Control computer can control jack (22) telescopic end to stretch by the first hydraulic power unit (25), when jack (22) telescopic end During stretching, under the effect of axial counter-force, jack (22) compresses axially cylindricality Rock And Soil test block to be measured.
- A kind of 3. Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that： The force transmitting board (34) be equipped with it is multiple through itself and with the cylinder (33) correspond guide groove (341), the cylinder (33) Cylinder body is equipped with pressure control valve (331) away from one end of telescopic rod, and the pressure control valve (331) stretches into corresponding guide groove (341) in.
- A kind of 4. Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described Pressure control valve (331) includes pressure control valve cylinder body (3311), control valve piston (3312) and butterfly spring (3313), the pressure Control valve cylinder body (3311) one end is connected with cylinder (33) away from one end of telescopic rod, and the control valve piston (3312) is arranged on In pressure control valve cylinder body (3311), and it is bonded, and can be moved along casing wall with casing wall, the butterfly spring (3313) is arranged on control valve Between piston (3312) and pressure control valve cylinder body (3311) other end casing wall, and its both ends is respectively with controlling valve piston (3312) And pressure control valve cylinder body (3311) other end casing wall abuts, the pressure control valve cylinder body (3311) is equipped with pressure relief opening (3314), the pressure relief opening (3314) is on the shift motion of control valve piston (3312), and when cylinder (33), interior pressure is higher than During setting value, the interior gas push control valve piston (3312) of cylinder (33) is moved to pressure control valve cylinder body (3311) other end Move and compress butterfly spring (3313), in moving process, control valve piston (3312) passes through pressure relief opening (3314), pressure relief opening (3314) With cylinder (33) airflow connection, cylinder (33) interior gas discharges pressure release through pressure relief opening (3314), when the interior pressure of cylinder (33) recovers To when being equal to setting value, the butterfly spring (3313) recovers deformation and reversely promotes control valve piston (3312) to move over pressure relief opening (3314), pressure relief opening (3314) is disconnected with cylinder (33) and connected, and pressure relief opening (3314) stops pressure release.
- A kind of 5. Rock And Soil large scale original position triaxial creep test system according to claim 4：It is characterized in that：It is described Counter-force fixed frame module (4) is made of multiple horizontal and equidistant spaced counter-force fixed frame (41) up and down, the fixation Frame (31) is fixedly connected by screw with each counter-force fixed frame (41) respectively, and first displacement meter (26) passes through stent It is fixed on the counter-force fixed frame (41) of the superiors.
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| CN111811943B (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-03-30 | 山东科技大学 | Pressure maintaining device and experimental method in rock creep impact and microcrack scanning experiment |
| CN111982655A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-24 | 无锡市政设计研究院有限公司 | Experimental device and method for testing mechanical characteristics of rock and soil mass under dynamic load and static load effects |
| CN113188908B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-07-29 | 山东大学 | Pre-support accurate pressure relief perception coal seam stoping simulation test device and method |
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