CN106535177A - Autoregressive artificial noise-based covert communication method - Google Patents
Autoregressive artificial noise-based covert communication method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106535177A CN106535177A CN201611027866.7A CN201611027866A CN106535177A CN 106535177 A CN106535177 A CN 106535177A CN 201611027866 A CN201611027866 A CN 201611027866A CN 106535177 A CN106535177 A CN 106535177A
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- noise
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/02—Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]
Abstract
The present invention relates to an autoregressive artificial noise-based covert communication method. An information hiding process of a transmit end is as follows: an AR (1) digital filter is constructed; a group of Gaussian noise sequence is generated randomly, is used as an excitation noise and passes the digital filter, and a group of colored noise sequence is output and is used as a covert signal; and after channel coding on an original service information bit, a generated MQAM constellation symbol and the covert signal are overlapped. An information recovery process of a receive end is as follows: a receiving party receives a symbol that is sent by a sending party and is contaminated by a channel; after channel decoding, a bit of host information is obtained; after the data passes a channel coder again and is modulated, a new modulation symbol is regenerated; an estimated value of a covert signal including channel noise is obtained; a related coefficient of an estimated value of the colored noise sequence is calculated, and a tap coefficient of a digital filter is obtained through estimation; and the bit of the covert information is obtained through determining according to an estimated value of the tap coefficient. The method does not affect the performance of the main system, and further has the advantage of high concealment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radio communication and field of information security technology, and in particular to a kind of based on autoregression man made noise's
Concealed communication method.
Background technology
Due to the intrinsic broadcast characteristic of wireless channel, in the transmitting procedure of wireless network, contrast more sensitive using APP
Data are often done the encryption process by data using data link layer and/or application layer.However, rapidly sending out with computing capability
Exhibition, traditional encipherment scheme, the safety of the communication that cannot have ensured.
There is scholar to propose the digital communication system of referred to as stochastic process keying.Hidden information control stochastic process sequence
Certain parameter so that the signal of transmission with the stochastic behaviour similar to noise, to confuse potential listener-in.Legitimate receipt
Side, the sample extraction to receiving goes out the statistical property of certain parameter of stochastic process, so as to estimate hidden information.Consider
The regulation and standardization of Modern wireless communication agreement, based on the communication equipment of proprietary protocol, its compatibility is poor, and application is subject to
Limit.Meanwhile, if the physical layer signal of legal both sides easily causes the attention of listener-in on the contrary different from standard.
The content of the invention
In order to the concealment for overcoming the shortcomings of existing communication mode is poor, the present invention provides one kind is not affecting main system
Performance condition under concealed communication method of the concealment preferably based on autoregression man made noise.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of concealed communication method based on autoregression man made noise, the concealed communication method include the information of transmitting terminal
The Information recovering process with receiving terminal is hidden, the Information hiding of the transmitting terminal is comprised the following steps：
1-1:AR (1) digital filter is built, the tap coefficient of wave filter is then by the ratio of hidden information waiting for transmission
It is special to select control；
1-2:One group of Gaussian noise sequence is generated at random, and the noise sequence of generation passes through in step 1-1 as excitation noise
AR (1) digital filter of structure, one group of colored noise sequence of output is used as hidden signal；
1-3:Former business information bit generates the constellation symbol of MQAM by digital modulator after chnnel coding, raw
Into MQAM constellation symbols and step 1-2 in the hidden Signal averaging that generates, the physical layer for completing hidden information hides；
The Information recovering of the receiving terminal is processed and is comprised the following steps：
2-1:Recipient receives the symbol sent by the sender of channel pollution, by digital demodulator, then passes through letter
The bit of hosted information is obtained after road decoding；This data passes through the modulation of MQAM manipulators, weight after again passing by channel encoder
Newly-generated new modulation symbol；
2-2:The new star obtained in step 2-1 with being deducted by the symbol of channel pollution of receiving of recipient in step 2-1
Seat symbol, obtains the estimated value of the hidden signal comprising interchannel noise；
2-3:The correlation coefficient of the estimated value of colored noise sequence in calculation procedure 2-2, estimation obtain AR (1) digital filtering
The tap coefficient of device；
2-4:The ratio of hidden information is drawn according to the judgement of the estimated value of AR in step 2-3 (1) digital filter taps coefficient
It is special.
Further, in step 1-1, when hidden information bit waiting for transmission is " 1 " ,+ρ is selected as wave filter
Tap coefficient, 0≤ρ≤1；When hidden information bit waiting for transmission is " 0 " ,-ρ is selected as the tap coefficient of wave filter,
I.e.
Further, in step 1-2, sender produces one group of white complex gaussian noise sequenceBy what is generated
AR (1) wave filter that white complex gaussian noise sequence is built by step 1-1, obtains lineup's work secondary color Gaussian noise sequenceNamely
nk=φ1nk-1+ek, k=1,2 ..., N
Therefore, hidden information bit b is hidden in man made noiseIn.
Further, in step 1-3, it is assumed that host system adopts MQAM digital modulation, length is K log2M is former
Business information bitIt is N log that length is generated after channel encoder2The bit stream of MWith
Afterwards, the bit of channel encoder output generates N number of MQAM symbols after MQAM digital modulatorsModulated symbol with
The artificial secondary color Gaussian noise its superimposition generated in step 1-2, obtains symbol waiting for transmissionNamely
μk=sk+nk, k=1,2 ..., N.
In step 2-1, recipient receives the symbol that the sender after channel pollution sends
rk=sk+nk+wk, k=1,2 ..., N
W in formulakIt is interchannel noise,By channel decoder after MQAM demodulators, former industry is recovered
Business information bitThe former business information bit for obtaining is modulated by MQAM again through after channel encoder
Device is modulated, and regenerates modulation symbol
In step 2-2, the estimated value of hidden signal
In step 2-3, the estimated value of the hidden signal that calculation procedure 2-2 is obtainedCorrelation coefficient, obtain
The estimated value of AR (1) filter tap coefficientsTo AR (1), filter tap coefficients φ1, equal to correlation coefficient；For length
For the multiple Gauss sequence of N, the expression formula of correlation coefficient estimated value
In formulaWith regard to the method for estimation of AR (1) parameter, it is also possible to calculated with other algorithms such as Burg
Method, Kalman filter estimation technique etc., the correlation coefficient estimation technique mentioned in replacing the present invention.
In step 2-4, AR (1) filter tap coefficients drawn by step 2-3Make decisions, obtain hidden letter
The estimated value of the bit of breathWhen the estimated value of filter tap coefficients is more than 0, output hidden information bit is " 1 "；Otherwise
Output hidden information bit is " 0 ", namely
The present invention technology design be：The invention provides a kind of covert communications side colonized on legacy communications system
Method.Similar and digital watermark, using the signal of legal both sides' proper communication as carrier, the random mistake for representing covert communications bit
Cheng Zuowei watermarks, watermark superposition are transmitted in channel on carrier, together.On the one hand, the power of watermark is sufficiently small, to recipient
Proper communication affect it is very little.On the other hand, the stochastic behaviour of watermark, listener-in cannot be distinguished by this stochastic process from letter
Road, is also derived from covert communications sender.Therefore, the present invention has communication well disguised.Meanwhile, the present invention is with regard to letter
Estimate and stationary problem, realize via standardized legacy communications system, can directly obtain in road.
On the manipulator of host system transmitting terminal, it is superimposed with and being controlled by covert communications bit, low power manually makes an uproar
Sound sequence so that the planisphere of manipulator output, the planisphere being equal under high s/n ratio channel, therefore have substantially no effect on host
System.Host system receiving terminal, according to original reception processing, recovers former business information bit；Then again from reception signal
In deduct the former business information corresponding modulation symbol after chnnel coding of recovery, obtain the estimated value of man made noise's sequence；Most
Estimate covert communications bit afterwards from noise sequence.
Man made noise's sequence that the present invention is superimposed in host system manipulator, is through autoregression by white complex gaussian noise
Generate after AR wave filter, be one of modal a kind of interchannel noise in communication.For listener-in, it is impossible to distinguish the noise
Sequence is derived from channel actually and is also derived from convert communication system.The coefficient of autoregression AR wave filter sending out by covert communications
Send bit to select.AR filter constructions are simple, easily realization, meanwhile, AR filter coefficients are estimated from noise sequence
Algorithm is also very simple, reliable.Further, concealment system is colonized on host system, grasps structure and the association of host system completely
View, in bit synchronous and channel estimation problems, can directly using the corresponding result of host system.Therefore, present invention tool
There is disguised and actual operability well.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in：(referred to as host is to colonize in standardized, traditional communication system
System) on, directly using the channel estimation and synchronization module of host system can realize channel estimation and the synchronization of covert communications
Problem.And, under the performance condition for having substantially no effect on host system, covert communications have good concealment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of transmitting terminal in convert communication system proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of receiving terminal in convert communication system proposed by the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
See figures.1.and.2, a kind of concealed communication method based on autoregression man made noise is comprised the following steps：
In step 1-1, sender determines taking out for autoregression AR (1) wave filter according to hidden information bit b waiting for transmission
Head coefficient φ1.Specifically, when hidden information bit waiting for transmission is " 1 " ,+ρ (0≤ρ≤1) is selected as wave filter
Tap coefficient；When hidden information bit waiting for transmission is " 0 " ,-ρ is selected as the tap coefficient of wave filter, namely
In step 1-2, sender produces one group of white complex gaussian noise sequenceThe white complex gaussian noise that will be generated
AR (1) wave filter that sequence is built by step 1-1, obtains lineup's work secondary color Gaussian noise sequenceNamely
nk=φ1nk-1+ek, k=1,2 ..., N
Therefore, hidden information bit b is hidden in man made noise
In step 1-3, it is assumed that host system adopts MQAM digital modulation, length is K log2M original business information bitsIt is N log that length is generated after channel encoder2The bit stream of MSubsequently, chnnel coding
The bit of device output generates N number of MQAM symbols after MQAM digital modulatorsModulated symbol is raw with step 1-2
Into artificial secondary color Gaussian noise its superimposition, obtain symbol waiting for transmissionNamely
μk=sk+nk, k=1,2 ..., N
The introducing of man made noise will necessarily increase bit error rate P of former business transmissionb, therefore, man made noise nkPower with
MQAM symbol skPower compare, it is necessary to less than some threshold value so as to PbImpact it is little；Meanwhile, nkMust have enough
Big power, is beneficial to from nkIn estimate AR (1) coefficient, so as to recover hidden information bit.
In step 2-1, recipient receives the symbol that the sender after channel pollution sends
rk=sk+nk+wk, k=1,2 ..., N
W in formulakIt is interchannel noise.By channel decoder after MQAM demodulators, former industry is recovered
Business information bitSubsequently, the former business information bit for obtaining again through after channel encoder pass through MQAM
Modulators modulate, regenerates modulation symbolIn view of in actual communication system, because interchannel noise is deposited
And cause error code to exist, therefore sender and recipient introduce channel error correction coding, for the mistake for overcoming channel pollution to cause
Code problem.It is assumed that channel SNRs are larger, and bit error rate P of MQAM modulationbLess than certain threshold value, namely fall
Within the error correcting capability of miscoding, then after error-correcting decoding, former business information bit is correctly recovered so thatIn the estimated value of the autoregression man made noise for therefore obtaining in a subsequent step, will not introduce because
Host system error code and the noise that causes, reduce the bit error rate of hidden information bit.
In step 2-2, the symbol that recipient receives is deducted into the former business information for estimating to obtain through chnnel coding, numeral
The new constellation symbol retrieved after modulation, obtains the estimated value of hidden signal
In step 2-3, the estimated value of the hidden signal that calculation procedure 2-2 is obtainedCorrelation coefficient, obtain AR
(1) estimated value of filter tap coefficientsTo AR (1), filter tap coefficients φ1, equal to correlation coefficient.For length is
The multiple Gauss sequence of N, the expression formula of correlation coefficient estimated value
In formula
In step 2-4, AR (1) filter tap coefficients drawn by step 2-3Make decisions, obtain hidden information
The estimated value of bitWhen the estimated value of filter tap coefficients is more than 0, output hidden information bit is " 1 "；Otherwise export
Hidden information bit is " 0 ", namely
Claims (8)
1. a kind of concealed communication method based on autoregression man made noise, it is characterised in that：The concealed communication method includes sending out
The Information hiding of sending end is processed with the Information recovering of receiving terminal, and the Information hiding of the transmitting terminal is comprised the following steps：
1-1:AR (1) digital filter is built, the tap coefficient of wave filter is then by the bit control of hidden information waiting for transmission
System is selected；
1-2:One group of Gaussian noise sequence is generated at random, and the noise sequence of generation passes through to build in step 1-1 as excitation noise
AR (1) digital filter, output one group of colored noise sequence as hidden signal；
1-3:Former business information bit generates the constellation symbol of MQAM by digital modulator after chnnel coding, generation
The hidden Signal averaging generated in MQAM constellation symbols and step 1-2, the physical layer for completing hidden information are hidden；
The hidden information recovery of the receiving terminal is processed and is comprised the following steps：
2-1:Recipient receives the symbol sent by the sender of channel pollution, by digital demodulator, then passes through channel and translates
The bit of hosted information is obtained after code；This data passes through the modulation of MQAM manipulators after again passing by channel encoder, give birth to again
The modulation symbol of Cheng Xin；
2-2:The new constellation symbol obtained in step 2-1 with being deducted by the symbol of channel pollution of receiving of recipient in step 2-1
Number, obtain the estimated value of the hidden signal comprising interchannel noise；
2-3:The correlation coefficient of the estimated value of colored noise sequence in calculation procedure 2-2, estimation obtain AR (1) digital filter
Tap coefficient；
2-4:The bit of hidden information is drawn according to the judgement of the estimated value of AR in step 2-3 (1) digital filter taps coefficient.
2. the concealed communication method based on autoregression man made noise as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1-
In 1, when hidden information bit waiting for transmission is " 1 " ,+ρ is selected as the tap coefficient of wave filter, 0≤ρ≤1；When to be transmitted
Hidden information bit be " 0 " when, select-ρ as wave filter tap coefficient, namely
3. the concealed communication method based on autoregression man made noise as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The step
In rapid 1-2, sender produces one group of white complex gaussian noise sequenceBy the white complex gaussian noise sequence for generating by step
AR (1) wave filter that rapid 1-1 builds, obtains lineup's work secondary color Gaussian noise sequenceNamely
nk=φ1nk-1+ek, k=1,2 ..., N
Therefore, hidden information bit b is hidden in man made noiseIn.
4. the concealed communication method based on autoregression man made noise as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Step 1-
In 3, it is assumed that host system adopts MQAM digital modulation, length is K log2M original business information bitsBy letter
It is N log that length is generated after road encoder2The bit stream of MSubsequently, the bit of channel encoder output is passed through
N number of MQAM symbols are generated after MQAM digital modulatorsThe artificial secondary color Gauss generated in modulated symbol and step 1-2
Noise sequence is superimposed, and obtains symbol waiting for transmissionNamely
μk=sk+nk, k=1,2 ..., N.
5. the concealed communication method based on autoregression man made noise as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：Step 2-
In 1, recipient receives the symbol that the sender after channel pollution sends
rk=sk+nk+wk, k=1,2 ..., N
W in formulakIt is interchannel noise,By channel decoder after MQAM demodulators, former business letter is recovered
Breath bitThe former business information bit for obtaining is adjusted by MQAM manipulators again through after channel encoder
System, regenerates modulation symbol
6. the concealed communication method based on autoregression man made noise as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Step 2-
In 2, the estimated value of hidden signal
7. the concealed communication method based on autoregression man made noise as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Step 2-
The method of estimation of AR parameters in 3, the estimated value of the hidden signal that calculation procedure 2-2 is obtainedCorrelation coefficient, obtain
The estimated value of AR (1) filter tap coefficientsTo AR (1), filter tap coefficients φ1, equal to correlation coefficient；For length
For the multiple Gauss sequence of N, the expression formula of correlation coefficient estimated value
In formula
8. the concealed communication method based on autoregression man made noise as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：Step 2-
In 4, AR (1) filter tap coefficients drawn by step 2-3Make decisions, obtain the estimated value of the bit of hidden information
When the estimated value of filter tap coefficients is more than or equal to 0, output hidden information bit is " 1 "；Hidden information ratio is exported otherwise
Specially for " 0 ", namely
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| CN109120377A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2019-01-01 | 华北水利水电大学 | Information concealing method, storage medium in a kind of new data transmission |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108632255A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-10-09 | 浙江警察学院 | A kind of convert communication system based on random noise modulation |
| CN108632255B (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2020-08-07 | 浙江警察学院 | Covert communication system based on random noise modulation |
| CN109120377A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2019-01-01 | 华北水利水电大学 | Information concealing method, storage medium in a kind of new data transmission |
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| CN110278560A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-09-24 | 浙江机电职业技术学院 | A kind of convert communication system based on IEEE 802.11a |
| CN110278560B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2022-10-18 | 浙江机电职业技术学院 | Concealed communication system based on IEEE802.11a |
| CN112511231A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-16 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Hidden channel system and information transmission method |
| CN112511231B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-10-11 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Hidden channel system and information transmission method |
| CN114710231A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-07-05 | 电子科技大学 | Safety communication method based on artificial noise |
| CN114710231B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-09-19 | 电子科技大学 | Safety communication method based on artificial noise |
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