CN108632255A - A kind of convert communication system based on random noise modulation - Google Patents
A kind of convert communication system based on random noise modulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108632255A CN108632255A CN201810305109.4A CN201810305109A CN108632255A CN 108632255 A CN108632255 A CN 108632255A CN 201810305109 A CN201810305109 A CN 201810305109A CN 108632255 A CN108632255 A CN 108632255A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
- H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
- H04L1/203—Details of error rate determination, e.g. BER, FER or WER
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
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Abstract
A kind of hidden digital communication system based on random noise modulation, transmitter is using host data as the seed of Gassian noise generator；The related coefficient of joint normal distribution noise is modulated by hidden bit；Carry the joint normal distribution noise of hidden bit, output of the linear superposition to host's transmitter digital modulator；In receiving terminal, using host data as seed, identical with transmitter Gaussian noise is generated, is then done again to the estimation of joint normal distribution noise related, hidden bit can be recovered after hard decision, realizes the hided transmission of information.The present invention has stronger concealment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication and field of information security technology, and in particular to a kind of based on the hidden of random noise modulation
Cover communication system.
Background technology
Due to the opening of electromagnetic space and the radiativity of electromagnetic signal transmission, the signal of communication that carry important information is complete
Be exposed to entirely in free space and standard agreement it is widely used so that mobile data be easy in transmission process by
The eavesdropping of disabled user, it is most likely that lead to the leakage of the personal important information such as privacy of user, finance.Cryptographic technique is will to be wanted
The cleartext information of transmission is encrypted, and will become unrecognizable ciphertext in plain text, encrypted information is made to become difficult to manage
Solution.But another problem that brings is done so, encryption technology will be encrypted to a pile mess code in plain text, remind listener-in instead, pass
There are important information for defeated data.
How to escape the monitor closely of listener-in and realize the hided transmission of electromagnetic signal, militarily becomes information pair
Anti-, contention electromagnetic space control key；On civilian, the key of protecting user's important information not to be ravesdropping.
Conventional digital transmitter (only considers base band), includes information source, channel coding, digital modulation, up-sampling and root liter
Cosine FIR filter, is sent to channel.Conventional digital receiver (only considers base band)：Include that down-sampling is filtered with root raised cosine
Wave, digital demodulation, channel decoding, the stay of two nights recover the information of transmitter transmission.
Invention content
In order to overcome existing validated user can not reliably ensure important information be not ravesdropping, concealment it is poor not
Foot, in order to allow validated user to realize the safe transmission of hidden data, the present invention proposes a kind of the hidden of random noise modulation
Communication system is covered, it is the convert communication system on a kind of communication link by means of party B (or other party, even enemy), by
It is avoided by the intentional interference of enemy and physical destruction in its channel, is a kind of covert communications hand with very Johnson ＆ Johnson's sustainability
Section.It not only has substantially no effect on original system quality of service, but also can effectively ensure that one's own side's communication is unimpeded.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides following technical solutions：
A kind of convert communication system based on random noise modulation, including：
Hidden transmitter, for being the kind for generating the Gaussian white noise generator in concealment system with host's communication data
Son generates noise sequence n1、n2；n1、n2Joint normal distribution noise w is constituted, related coefficient hidden bit c is modulated；At random
Noise w is added to the output of conventional digital transmitter digital modulation, enters up-sampling and root raised cosine filter, then be emitted to
In channel；
Lobe-on-receive machine, for the synchronization of concealment system receiving terminal, the recovery of channel estimation and random noise w, by
Host system is completed；Seed by the data of host system as Gassian noise generator generates local white Gaussian noiseThe estimation of random noise w is obtained by host systemThenWithCorrelation is done, using hard decision, is recovered hidden
System.
Further, in the hidden transmitter, noise sequence n1、n2, the related coefficient of joint normal distribution noise by
Hidden bit c is modulated, and process is as follows：
The joint normal distribution noise of concealment system is：
Wherein, c is the information bit of concealment system；W (t) and n1(t) related coefficient between is adjusted by hidden bit c
System, it is assumed that when sending bit ' 0 ', related coefficient ρ, when transmission bit is ' 1 ', related coefficient is-ρ；Noise sequence n1(t)、n2
(t) it is independent from each other, obeysNormal distribution random process；
Random noise w after modulation, in linear superposition to host's transmitter modulated symbol.
Further, the host system is conventional digital communication, and transmission and reception processing process is as follows：
The code check that host system uses is [5,4] for 2/3, constraint length vector and code generator matrix is [23,35,0；
0,5,13] convolutional code come correct channel generation error code；Channel decoding is carried out using Viterbi algorithm in receiving terminal；Using
The 16QAM of Gray code carries out digital modulation and demodulation；Use rolloff-factor for the root liter of 0.25 and 4 times of up-sampling/down-sampling
Cosine filter, to realize pulse shaping and matched filtering.
Other types of M-ary digital modulation mode, channel error correction coding and pulse shaping and matched filtering, this hair
It is bright to be applicable in.
In the lobe-on-receive machine, traditional receivers are by digital demodulation and then pass through digital modulation, emitted
The estimation of modulation symbolAgain from reception signalIn subtractObtain estimating for hidden transmitter joint normal distribution random noise
MeterGaussian white noise generator seed source is in whole or the part host's communication data made an appointmentGenerate noise WithIt is input to correlator, is obtainedThe estimation of related coefficientUsing hard decision, hidden bit is reverted to
In the lobe-on-receive machine, the derivation of the theoretical bit error rate is as follows：
Set the bit of concealment system transmission as ' 0 ', then Receiver
Estimation to joint normal distribution noiseIncluding the tune that interchannel noise and host's modulated symbol mistake that channel introduces introduce
Noise processed, zoop is included into interchannel noise, and sum of the two is denoted as n (t), it is assumed that host system passes through channel error correction
After decoding, the data of receiving-transmitting sides are identical, then concealment system receiver can generate the white Gaussian consistent with transmitter
Noise n1(t), it is assumed that n1(t)、n2(t), n (t) is white Gaussian noise, thus its it is discrete after sampled value { n1,kn2,k,nk,
K=1,2 ..., N } it is independent from each other；
If the signal-to-noise ratio γ of concealment system is the ratio between noise power and channel noise power of concealment system, namely
In formula, E [] is it is expected, enables the output of correlator be
N is the number of the discrete sampling in a hidden bit duration in formula, although u is not Gauss, according to
Central-limit theorem, u converge on Gaussian Profile, and mean value is
Variance is：
Therefore it is presumed that hidden bit ' 0 ', ' 1 ' is equiprobable, then its bit error rate is：
Compensating error function is defined as in formula
The present invention's is contemplated that：The present invention is a kind of random noise modulation digital covert communications system being hosted by host system
System.For the transmission power of convert communication system well below host system, the influence to host system is very small；Through too strong channel error correction
After coding, receiving and sending messages for host system is identical, therefore the random number seed of concealment system receiving-transmitting sides is also complete
Consistent, receiving-transmitting sides can generate identical random Gaussian；The related coefficient of joint normal distribution noise is by hidden bit
To determine；The joint normal distribution noise being superimposed in host's digital modulation belongs to common one of interchannel noise type；If
Listener-in fails to obtain the working mechanism of concealment system in advance, then listener-in cannot perceive the hidden letter embedded in host system
Breath；Further, if unique based on receiving-transmitting sides, random channel key is added in randomizer seed, because
The accidental channel key of host system can not be obtained for listener-in, thus listener-in can not generate it is consistent with convert communication system
Random Gaussian, even if listener-in knows that the working mechanism of convert communication system can not also recover hidden bit in this way.
When channel SNRs are higher, after being encoded by channel error correction, the receiving-transmitting sides data of host system are complete
It is identical.Lobe-on-receive machine is by means of the seed that the data of host system are random number, due to receiving and dispatching the Gaussian noise hair of double hairs
The seed of raw device is identical, generates the identical Gaussian noise sequence of above-mentioned hidden transmitter.Meanwhile the signal received from channel,
Subtract the modulated signal of host system, as the joint normal distribution noise containing interchannel noise.Then Gaussian noise with contain
The joint normal distribution noise of interchannel noise does correlation, obtains the estimation of its related coefficient, by hard decision, obtains hidden bit
Estimation.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The hidden bit for being intended to transmission is converted into joint normal distribution random sequence, is superimposed
Into traditional digital communication system.This method listener-in is insensitive to this, and validated user realizes the hided transmission of information.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 show convert communication system entire block diagram.
Fig. 2 show the star that the modulated joint normal distribution noise of convert communication system is superimposed upon in host's communication system
Seat figure.
Fig. 3 show bit error rate of convert communication system under the conditions of different signal-to-noise ratio.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the invention will be further described.
Referring to Fig.1~Fig. 3, a kind of convert communication system based on random noise modulation, including：
Hidden transmitter, for being the kind for generating the Gaussian white noise generator in concealment system with host's communication data
Son generates noise sequence n1、n2；n1、n2Joint normal distribution noise w is constituted, related coefficient hidden bit c is modulated；At random
Noise w is added to the output of conventional digital transmitter digital modulation, enters up-sampling and root raised cosine filter, then be emitted to
In channel；
Lobe-on-receive machine, for the synchronization of concealment system receiving terminal, the recovery of channel estimation and random noise w, by
Host system is completed；Seed by the data of host system as Gassian noise generator generates local white Gaussian noiseThe estimation of random noise w is obtained by host systemThenWithCorrelation is done, using hard decision, is recovered hidden
System.
The host system be conventional digital communication, digital transmitter include information source, channel coding, digital modulation,
Up-sampling and root raised cosine FIR filter, are sent to channel.It is assumed that ' 0 ', ' the 1 ' of information source A being equiprobability, randomly generating.Letter
Road coding uses that code check is 2/3, constraint length vector is [5,4] and code generator matrix is [23,35,0；0,5,13] volume
Code is accumulated to correct the error code of channel generation, the output of encoder is C.For other Error Corrections of Coding, such as low-density checksum
Code (LDPC), and equally applicable.Digital modulation uses 16QAM modulation (other M-ary digital modulations of Gray code
It is also suitable), binary bits are mapped to modulation symbol S.More than the root liter with 4 times of up-samplings, 0.25 rolloff-factor
The pulse shaping filter of string (RRC), finally transmits a signal in channel.
The digital receiver of the host system includes down-sampling and root raised cosine filtering, digital demodulation, channel decoding, letter
Place recovers the data of transmitter transmission.The signal received is filtered by down-sampling and root raised cosine, is allowed to believe with transmitting
Number match, obtains maximum signal to noise ratio16QAM digital demodulations by Gray code, are mapped to modulation symbol containing wrong
The bit stream of errored bitBit is flowed into Viterbi decoding algorithms corresponding with transmitter channel coding, efficient again
Row error correction recovers the data of transmitter transmission
The hidden transmitter includes：Hidden bit information source, related coefficient selection, Gaussian white noise generator, joint are just
State distributed random noise.Concealment system colonizes in host system, and with host's communication data, (each frame whole is made an appointment
Partial data) be Gaussian white noise generator seed, generate noise sequence n1,n2；Hidden bit c determines joint normal state point
The related coefficient of cloth random noise W namely the related coefficient of W are modulated by c；Random noise W linear superpositions are sent out to conventional digital
The output of machine digital modulation is penetrated, Z=S+W enters up-sampling and root raised cosine filter together, is emitted in channel, complete
At the digital modulation of hidden bit.
The joint normal distribution random noise W is generated by following formula
Wherein c is the information bit of concealment system；W (t) and n1(t) related coefficient between is modulated by hidden bit c,
It is assumed that when sending bit ' 0 ', related coefficient ρ, when transmission bit is ' 1 ', related coefficient is-ρ；n1(t), n2(t) it is mutually solely
Vertical, it obeysNormal distribution random process.
The lobe-on-receive machine includes：The digital modulator consistent with conventional digital transmitter and white Gaussian noise occur
Device, correlator and decision device.Traditional receivers pass through after digital demodulation, by digital modulation, obtain transmitting modulation symbol
Number estimationAgain from reception signalIn subtractObtain the estimation of hidden transmitter joint normal distribution random noiseIt is high
This white noise generator seed source is in whole or the part host's communication data made an appointmentGenerate noise WithIt is input to correlator, is obtainedThe estimation of related coefficientUsing hard decision, hidden bit is reverted toIn the above process
'sContain the noise (being known as interchannel noise n (t)) of channel introducing and the noise of host system mistake modulation symbol introducing
(being known as zoop).When the noise of host system is relatively high, after being encoded by channel error correction, the communication of host's receiving-transmitting sides
Data it is completely the same, then concealment system receiver can generate noise n identical with transmitter1, namely
In order to reduce influence of the concealment system to host system of introducing, the joint normal distribution for setting concealment system is random
The low 30dB of modulated symbol power of the power ratio host system of noise.Referring to Fig. 2, the digital modulation of host system is 16QAM, line
Property is superimposed with the planisphere after the random noise of concealment system.
Enable the signal-to-noise ratio of concealment system for the ratio between the noise power of concealment system and channel noise power, namely
In receiving terminal, it is assumed that With n1(t) correlation is done, output is denoted as μ,
It is located at a symbol TbThe number of middle discrete sampling is N, then the output of discrete correlator later is
After judgement, you can recover hidden bit.
As shown in figure 3, the bit error rate under the conditions of different concealment system signal-to-noise ratio, the theoretical bit error rate specifically derived
Journey is as follows：
Without loss of generality, it is assumed that the bit that concealment system is sent is ' 0 ', then It connects
Receipts machine contains interchannel noise and zoop to the estimation of joint normal distribution noise, derives for convenience, zoop
It is included into interchannel noise, sum of the two is denoted as n (t).Due to n1(t), n2(t), n (t) is white Gaussian noise, therefore its
Sampled value { n after discrete1,kn2,k,nk, k=1,2 ..., N } and it is independent from each other,Although u is not
Gauss's, but according to central-limit theorem, u converges on Gaussian Profile, and mean value is
And second moment
Because the variance of u is
As shown in Figure 2, in order to not influence host system as possible, it is assumed that the power of the power ratio host system of concealment system
Low 30dB.It is assumed that host system transmission power is 0dB, the signal-to-noise ratio of additive channel is in the range of [10,20] dB.Therefore, hidden
For covering system, signal-to-noise ratio is γ ∈ [- 20, -10] dB, namely
It further notices when correlation coefficient ρ ∈ [0,1],
1+ρ2∈[1,2]
Therefore, the variance of u can be approximatelyNamelyBased on this,
It is assumed that concealment system equiprobability sends ' 0 ' and ' 1 ', then its bit error rate is
Here compensating error function is defined as
In Fig. 3, sampling length N=200, correlation coefficient ρ=0.8, it can be seen that as concealment system signal-to-noise ratio increases, than
Bit error rapid decrease, in -10dB, the bit error rate is less than 0.001, disclosure satisfy that actual demand.Increase sampling length, into one
Step reduces the bit error rate, but transmission rate also reduces simultaneously.If concealment system adds channel coding, the bit error rate is lower, but
Bringing reduces the side effect of transmission code rate.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of convert communication system based on random noise modulation, it is characterised in that：The system comprises：
Hidden transmitter, for being the seed for generating the Gaussian white noise generator in concealment system, production with host's communication data
Raw noise sequence n1、n2；n1、n2Joint normal distribution noise w is constituted, related coefficient hidden bit c is modulated；Random noise w
The output of the conventional digital that is added to transmitter digital modulation, enters up-sampling and root raised cosine filter, then be emitted to channel
In；
Lobe-on-receive machine is used for the synchronization of concealment system receiving terminal, the recovery of channel estimation and random noise w, by host
System is completed；Seed by the data of host system as Gassian noise generator generates local white Gaussian noiseIt borrows
Host system is helped to obtain the estimation of random noise wThenWithCorrelation is done, using hard decision, recovers concealment system.
2. a kind of convert communication system based on random noise modulation as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described
In hidden transmitter, noise sequence n1、n2, the related coefficient of joint normal distribution noise modulated by hidden bit c, and process is such as
Under：
The joint normal distribution noise of concealment system is：
Wherein, c is the information bit of concealment system；W (t) and n1(t) related coefficient between is modulated by hidden bit c, it is assumed that
When sending bit ' 0 ', related coefficient ρ, when transmission bit is ' 1 ', related coefficient is-ρ；Noise sequence n1(t)、n2(t) it is phase
It is mutually independent, obeyNormal distribution random process；
Random noise w after modulation, in linear superposition to host's transmitter modulated symbol.
3. a kind of convert communication system based on random noise modulation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
Host system is conventional digital communication, and transmission and reception processing process is as follows：
The code check that host system uses is [5,4] for 2/3, constraint length vector and code generator matrix is [23,35,0；0,5,
13] convolutional code come correct channel generation error code；Channel decoding is carried out using Viterbi algorithm in receiving terminal；Using Gray
The 16QAM of coding carries out digital modulation and demodulation；Use rolloff-factor for the root raised cosine of 0.25 and 4 times of up-sampling/down-sampling
Filter, to realize pulse shaping and matched filtering.
4. a kind of convert communication system based on random noise modulation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
In lobe-on-receive machine, traditional receivers are by digital demodulation and then pass through digital modulation, obtain estimating for transmitting modulation symbol
MeterAgain from reception signalIn subtractObtain the estimation of hidden transmitter joint normal distribution random noiseGauss white noise
Acoustic generator seed source is in whole or the part host's communication data made an appointmentGenerate noise WithInput
To correlator, obtainThe estimation of related coefficientUsing hard decision, hidden bit is reverted to
5. a kind of convert communication system based on random noise modulation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：It is described
In lobe-on-receive machine, the derivation of the theoretical bit error rate is as follows：
Set the bit of concealment system transmission as ' 0 ', then Receiver is to joint
The estimation of normal distribution noiseIncluding the modulation that interchannel noise and host's modulated symbol mistake that channel introduces introduce is made an uproar
Sound is included into zoop into interchannel noise, and sum of the two is denoted as n (t), it is assumed that host system is decoded by channel error correction
Later, the data of receiving-transmitting sides are identical, then concealment system receiver can generate the white Gaussian noise consistent with transmitter
n1(t), it is assumed that n1(t)、n2(t), n (t) is white Gaussian noise, thus its it is discrete after sampled value { n1,kn2,k,nk, k=
1,2 ..., N } it is independent from each other；
If the signal-to-noise ratio γ of concealment system is the ratio between noise power and channel noise power of concealment system, namely
In formula, E [] is it is expected, enables the output of correlator be
N is the number of the discrete sampling in a hidden bit duration in formula, although u is not Gauss, according to center
Limit theorem, u converge on Gaussian Profile, and mean value is
Variance is：
Therefore it is presumed that hidden bit ' 0 ', ' 1 ' is equiprobable, then its bit error rate is：
Compensating error function is defined as in formula
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| CN109714737A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-03 | 江苏大学 | A kind of D2D convert communication system and its communication means with full duplex base station cellular network |
| CN110278560B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2022-10-18 | 浙江机电职业技术学院 | Concealed communication system based on IEEE802.11a |
| CN110278560A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-09-24 | 浙江机电职业技术学院 | A kind of convert communication system based on IEEE 802.11a |
| CN111525976A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-08-11 | 浙江警察学院 | Hidden communication method based on normal random process mean parameter modulation |
| CN111525976B (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2023-05-12 | 浙江警察学院 | Covert communication method based on normal random process mean parameter modulation |
| WO2022041427A1 (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-03 | 浙江大学 | Gyroscope resonance-based covert channel communication method |
| CN112865916A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-28 | 福州大学 | Method for hiding transmitting node in covert communication system |
| CN113141604A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-20 | 河北爱其科技有限公司 | Bluetooth safety communication system |
| CN113141604B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2023-04-07 | 河北爱其科技有限公司 | Bluetooth safety communication system |
| CN113489587A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-08 | 南京信息工程大学 | Covert communication method, system, storage medium and computing device |
| CN113489587B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-05-16 | 南京信息工程大学 | Covert communication method, covert communication system, storage medium and computing device |
| CN113746803A (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2021-12-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Covert communication method, system, computer equipment and processing terminal |
| CN114401062A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-26 | 北京升哲科技有限公司 | Signal-to-noise ratio adjusting method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN114401062B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-05-30 | 北京升哲科技有限公司 | Signal-to-noise ratio adjustment method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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