CN106523166B - Lng双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

Lng双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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CN106523166B
CN106523166B CN201610915536.5A CN201610915536A CN106523166B CN 106523166 B CN106523166 B CN 106523166B CN 201610915536 A CN201610915536 A CN 201610915536A CN 106523166 B CN106523166 B CN 106523166B
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王银燕
曹灿
杨传雷
李旭
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Harbin Engineering University
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压系统及其控制方法，包括双燃料发动机、涡轮增压器、天然气空气混合气储存箱、补燃室，涡轮增压器的压气机与双燃料发动机的进气管相通，涡轮增压器的涡轮与双燃料发动机的排气管相通，双燃料发动机的每个气缸进气门处设置天燃气喷嘴，进气管末端连接旁通管道，旁通管道的端部连接天然气空气混合气储存箱，天然气空气混合气储存箱通过补燃管道连通补燃室，补燃室里设置点燃器和火焰控制器，补燃室与涡轮前的排气管相通，旁通管道上设置单向充气阀。本发明去除了排气中残留的可燃混合气，减少了能源浪费，并提高了排气能量，从而改善了了双燃料发动机的性能和经济性。

Description

LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压系统及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种发动机系统及其控制方法，具体地说是双燃料发动机系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
随着石油能源危机和由发动机尾气排放而造成的环境污染等问题的出现，以天然气作为发动机的替代燃料引起了业界的重视，双燃料发动机便是天然气发动机中很重要的一种类型。双燃料发动机大多数是由柴油机直接改造而成，采用柴油机原有的增压形式，并未根据其特点设计双燃料发动机的增压系统。缸外供气式双燃料发动机，天然气在发动机的进气过程中进入气缸，在此期间气缸内基本上形成比较均匀的天然气与空气的可燃混合气。通过火花塞点火或喷射引燃油点燃混合气，混合气以火焰传播的形式进行燃烧。因而，缸外供气式双燃料发动机与汽油机相似，燃烧过程都属于匀质预混合燃烧。由于在缸外供气方式下天然气占据空气充量的体积一般为10％-15％，使充气效率有所降低，因而会对发动机的输出功率造成一定的影响。而且在低工况下由于充入空气量的下降，易造成燃烧不充分，从而使排气中含有大量未燃气体，造成能源浪费。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供去除排气中残留的可燃混合气、改善双燃料发动机的性能和经济性的LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压系统及其控制方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
本发明LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压系统，其特征是：包括双燃料发动机、涡轮增压器、天然气空气混合气储存箱、补燃室，涡轮增压器的压气机与双燃料发动机的进气管相通，涡轮增压器的涡轮与双燃料发动机的排气管相通，双燃料发动机的每个气缸进气门处设置天燃气喷嘴，进气管末端连接旁通管道，旁通管道的端部连接天然气空气混合气储存箱，天然气空气混合气储存箱通过补燃管道连通补燃室，补燃室里设置点燃器和火焰控制器，补燃室与涡轮前的排气管相通，旁通管道上设置单向充气阀。
本发明LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压系统还可以包括：
1、进气管与旁通管道的连接处设置电动增压泵，补燃管道上安装放气阀。
2、压气机后的进气管上设置流量传感器，涡轮前的排气管上设置温度传感器，双燃料发动机里设置测量其曲轴转速的转速传感器以及测量其输出扭矩的扭矩传感器。
本发明LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压控制方法，其特征是：采用如下LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压系统：包括双燃料发动机、涡轮增压器、天然气空气混合气储存箱、补燃室，涡轮增压器的压气机与双燃料发动机的进气管相通，涡轮增压器的涡轮与双燃料发动机的排气管相通，双燃料发动机的每个气缸进气门处设置天燃气喷嘴，进气管末端连接旁通管道，旁通管道的端部连接天然气空气混合气储存箱，天然气空气混合气储存箱通过补燃管道连通补燃室，补燃室里设置点燃器和火焰控制器，补燃室与涡轮前的排气管相通，旁通管道上设置单向充气阀；进气管与旁通管道的连接处设置电动增压泵，补燃管道上安装放气阀；压气机后的进气管上设置流量传感器，涡轮前的排气管上设置温度传感器，双燃料发动机里设置测量其曲轴转速的转速传感器以及测量其输出扭矩的扭矩传感器；
通过转速传感器和扭矩传感器检测双燃料发动机转速和扭矩，获得当前双燃料发动机工况，通过流量传感器检测进气管流量，通过温度传感器检测排气管温度，通过压力传感器检测天然气空气混合气储存箱内压力：
当双燃料发动机转速大于80％额定转速时，且混合气储存箱中压力小于设计压力时，打开单向充气阀；当双燃料发动机转速小于70％额定转速时，或混合气储存箱中压力大于等于设计压力时，关闭单向充气阀；当双燃料发动机工况处于70％-80％额定转速时，如果双燃料发动机是由低工况向高工况运行，保持单向充气阀关闭；如果双燃料发动机是由高工况向低工况运行，同时满足混合气储存箱压力低于设计压力，保持单向充气阀打开；
当单向控制阀打开时，启动电动增压泵；当单向控制阀关闭时，关闭电动增压泵。
本发明LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压控制方法还可以包括：
1、当双燃料发动机功率小于50％额定功率时，且排温小于设计值时，打开放气阀；当双燃料发动机功率大于60％额定功率时，或排温大于设计值时，关闭放气阀；当双燃料发动机工况处于50％-60％额定功率时，如果双燃料发动机是由低工况向高工况运行，并且满足排温小于设计值时，放气阀保持打开；如果双燃料发动机是由高工况向低工况运行，保持放气阀关闭；
当放气阀打开时，点火器点火；当放气阀关闭时，点火器熄灭。
本发明的优势在于：本发明采用旁通补燃的增压系统能够利用缸外进气门处喷射供气式双燃料发动机天然气占用空气充量，燃烧效率下降易排出可燃混合气的缺点，使排出的可燃混合气在补燃室中补燃，能够有效的提升排气能量，使双燃料发动机功率上升，改善双燃料发动机加速性能，并使未燃成分得到再燃机会，减轻排放污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述：
结合图1，本发明装置包括双燃料发动机、涡轮增压器1，在进气管2中安装有流量传感器3，并且在每个气缸的进气门处安装有天然气喷嘴4。在进气管2末端接入旁通管道，并在旁通管道中安装有电动增压泵6、单向充气阀7，在旁通管道的末端安装了一个内含压力传感器9的天然气空气混合气储存箱8。排气管14中支出一段补燃室11，补燃室11与天然气空气混合气储存箱8相连中间安装有放气阀10，在补燃室11中安装有点火器和火焰控制器12，排气管14末端处安装有温度传感器13。主机上安装有转速传感器16和扭矩传感器17。
在缸外进气门处喷射式LNG双燃料发动机中，通过流量传感器3、温度传感器13以及转速传感器16检测的等相关参数经由天燃气喷嘴控制电路5来控制天然气喷嘴4喷射量，使是燃烧配比达到最佳，当空气流量满足进气要求且有余量时，打开旁通管道中的单向充气阀7，通过电动增压泵6开始工作，对管内气体增压，被压缩后的天然气与空气的混合气便储存在混合气的储存箱8中，当空气流量不足，发动机处于低工况时，电动增压泵6开始停止工作并关闭单向充气阀，可燃混合气便会停止流入混合气的储存箱8中，由于单向阀7的功能，混合气在充气过程中也不会倒流回进气管中。当排温不高且主机处于低工况时，通过打开放气阀10，从混合气储存箱8中向补燃室11喷入天然气与空气的混合气，通过控制点火器与火焰控制器11点燃混合气开始燃烧，使火焰掠过排气管，通过混合气的燃烧引燃排气中的未燃燃气。当主机离开低工况或排温过高时，停止向补燃室11喷入混合气，结束补燃阶段。从而增加排气能量并增加了排气对涡轮所做的功，提高了进气压力，使得双燃料发动机的功率上升，并减少了排气中的可燃混合气，未燃成分得到再燃机会，净化了排气。
本发明的控制方法，通过采集主机的转速、扭矩信号，进气管流量信号，储存箱压力信号以及排气管温度信号进行制定控制策略，控制单向充气阀、放气阀以及点火器。具体控制策略如下：
单向充气阀控制策略：
当柴油机转速大于80％额定转速时，且混合气储存箱中压力小于设计压力时，打开单向充气阀。
当柴油机转速小于70％额定转速时，或混合气储存箱中压力大于等于设计压力时，关闭单向充气阀。
当柴油机工况处于70％-80％额定转速时，如果柴油机是由低工况向高工况运行，即使满足混合气储存箱压力低于设计压力，柴油机仍保持单向充气阀关闭；如果柴油机是由高工况向低工况运行，同时满足混合气储存箱压力低于设计压力，柴油机保持单向充气阀打开。
电动增压泵控制策略：
当单向控制阀打开时，电动增压泵开始工作。
当单向控制阀关闭时，电动增压泵停止工作。
放气阀控制策略：
当柴油机功率小于50％额定功率时，且排温小于设计值时，打开放气阀。
当柴油机功率大于60％额定功率时，或排温大于设计值时，关闭放气阀。
当柴油机工况处于50％-60％额定功率时，如果柴油机是由低工况向高工况运行，并且满足排温小于设计值时，柴油机放气阀保持打开；如果柴油机是由高工况向低工况运行，即使满足排温小于设计值，柴油机仍保持放气阀关闭。
点火器和火焰控制器控制策略：
当放气阀打开时，点火器点火。
当放气阀关闭时，点火器熄灭。

Claims (2)

1.LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压控制方法，其特征是：采用如下LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压系统：包括双燃料发动机、涡轮增压器、天然气空气混合气储存箱、补燃室，涡轮增压器的压气机与双燃料发动机的进气管相通，涡轮增压器的涡轮与双燃料发动机的排气管相通，双燃料发动机的每个气缸进气门处设置天燃气喷嘴，进气管末端连接旁通管道，旁通管道的端部连接天然气空气混合气储存箱，天然气空气混合气储存箱通过补燃管道连通补燃室，补燃室里设置点燃器和火焰控制器，补燃室与涡轮前的排气管相通，旁通管道上设置单向充气阀；进气管与旁通管道的连接处设置电动增压泵，补燃管道上安装放气阀；压气机后的进气管上设置流量传感器，涡轮前的排气管上设置温度传感器，双燃料发动机里设置测量其曲轴转速的转速传感器以及测量其输出扭矩的扭矩传感器；
通过转速传感器和扭矩传感器检测双燃料发动机转速和扭矩，获得当前双燃料发动机工况，通过流量传感器检测进气管流量，通过温度传感器检测排气管温度，通过压力传感器检测天然气空气混合气储存箱内压力：
当双燃料发动机转速大于80％额定转速时，且混合气储存箱中压力小于设计压力时，打开单向充气阀；当双燃料发动机转速小于70％额定转速时，或混合气储存箱中压力大于等于设计压力时，关闭单向充气阀；当双燃料发动机工况处于70％-80％额定转速时，如果双燃料发动机是由低工况向高工况运行，保持单向充气阀关闭；如果双燃料发动机是由高工况向低工况运行，同时满足混合气储存箱压力低于设计压力，保持单向充气阀打开；
当单向控制阀打开时，启动电动增压泵；当单向控制阀关闭时，关闭电动增压泵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的LNG双燃料发动机旁通补燃增压控制方法，其特征是：当双燃料发动机功率小于50％额定功率时，且排温小于设计值时，打开放气阀；当双燃料发动机功率大于60％额定功率时，或排温大于设计值时，关闭放气阀；当双燃料发动机工况处于50％-60％额定功率时，如果双燃料发动机是由低工况向高工况运行，并且满足排温小于设计值时，放气阀保持打开；如果双燃料发动机是由高工况向低工况运行，保持放气阀关闭；当放气阀打开时，点火器点火；当放气阀关闭时，点火器熄灭。
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