CN106521290B - 一种耐腐蚀合金材料、制备方法及用于制备咸蛋清洗机的用途 - Google Patents
一种耐腐蚀合金材料、制备方法及用于制备咸蛋清洗机的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0094—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with organic materials as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. resin
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐腐蚀合金材料及用于制备咸蛋清洗机的用途，耐腐蚀合金材料由合金成分、高聚物成分和改性成分制备而成，高聚物成分的质量为合金成分重量的25‑45％，改性成分的质量为合金成分重量的4‑8％；合金成分按照重量份由以下组分组成：镁，40‑60份；铝，35‑55份；镍，20‑30份；铜，10‑20份；钛，10‑20份；钴，3‑7份；高聚物成分为聚四氟乙烯；改性成分为纳米改性石墨烯。本发明提供的耐腐蚀合金材料耐盐腐蚀，效果显著，可以用于制备咸蛋清洗机或其他需要耐盐腐仪器或容器。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域，具体涉及一种耐腐蚀合金材料及用于制备咸蛋清洗机的用途。
背景技术
咸鸭蛋制作需要大量的盐，泥灰混合盐包裹，清洗时水中盐分含量极高，清洗机长久泡在含盐量这么高的水中很容易锈蚀。
金属腐蚀可分为电化学腐蚀、化学腐蚀和生物腐蚀等几种类型，耐腐蚀合金材料其中电化学腐蚀是防腐蚀领域中最重要的研究对象，耐腐蚀合金材料是指金属在水溶液中形成电池而引起的腐蚀。根据电化学腐蚀的机理，耐腐蚀合金材料在水溶液中，耐腐蚀合金材料由于不同金属的电位差，耐腐蚀合金材料可以产生微电池效应而导致腐蚀的发生；即使同一金属板，耐腐蚀合金材料由于其内部应力的差异、焊缝成分的不同、电解质溶液中的浓度差、温度差、氧浓度差等，耐腐蚀合金材料都可以产生电位差而导致腐蚀。如果没有氧气存在，耐腐蚀合金材料在阴极区的H+会被耗尽产生阴极极化，耐腐蚀合金材料钢铁发生的电池反应会很快结束。而在阳极区由于Fe2+的积累而产生阳极极化。但是在有氧气存在的条件下，耐腐蚀合金材料阴极发生氧化还原反应，耐腐蚀合金材料这样阴极反应不再与H+浓度有关，耐腐蚀合金材料腐蚀反应可以继续进行下去。
基于上述原理，腐蚀防护常用的隔离法、缓蚀剂法、电化学保护法等只能防护，耐腐蚀合金材料不能从根本上根治金属的腐蚀问题，耐腐蚀合金材料同时这些防护方法存在使用成本高、污染环境、应用环境受限制等问题。因此，耐腐蚀合金材料研究开发新的特种合金、新型陶瓷、复合材料等耐腐蚀材料，耐腐蚀合金材料是从根本上治理腐蚀问题的最好途径，耐腐蚀合金材料有待材料工作者共同努力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐腐蚀合金材料及用于制备咸蛋清洗机的用途。
本发明的上述目的是通过下面的技术方案得以实现的：
一种耐腐蚀合金材料，由合金成分、高聚物成分和改性成分制备而成，高聚物成分的质量为合金成分重量的25-45％，改性成分的质量为合金成分重量的4-8％；合金成分按照重量份由以下组分组成：镁，40-60份；铝，35-55份；镍，20-30份；铜，10-20份；钛，10-20份；钴，3-7份；高聚物成分为聚四氟乙烯；改性成分为纳米改性石墨烯。
优选地，纳米改性石墨烯由如下方法制备：首先将石墨烯加入强氧化剂溶液中，40-60℃搅拌浸泡2-8小时，过滤取出烘干；然后将烘干的石墨烯与乙二醇、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷在氮气保护下煅烧，研磨成纳米级细粉即得。
优选地，所述强氧化剂溶液指高锰酸钾水溶液，摩尔浓度为5-9mol/L。
优选地，烘干的石墨烯与乙二醇、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为1:(0.2-0.4):(0.08-0.12)。
优选地，所述氮气保护下煅烧的温度为350-450℃，煅烧时间为1.5-2.5小时。
上述耐腐蚀合金材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称取合金成分中的各组分，熔炼、浇铸、碾磨成纳米合金粉；
(2)将纳米合金粉与高聚物、纳米改性石墨烯混合均匀，得到共混物；
(3)将上述共混物铸锭均匀化处理后经加工挤压成目标形状。
上述耐腐蚀合金材料用于制备咸蛋清洗机或其他需要耐盐腐仪器或容器的用途。
本发明优点：
本发明提供的耐腐蚀合金材料耐盐腐蚀，效果显著，可以用于制备咸蛋清洗机或其他需要耐盐腐仪器或容器。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明的实质性内容。。
实施例1：耐腐蚀合金材料的制备
一种耐腐蚀合金材料，由合金成分、高聚物成分和改性成分制备而成，高聚物成分的质量为合金成分重量的35％，改性成分的质量为合金成分重量的6％；合金成分按照重量份由以下组分组成：镁，50份；铝，45份；镍，25份；铜，15份；钛，15份；钴，5份；高聚物成分为聚四氟乙烯；改性成分为纳米改性石墨烯。
纳米改性石墨烯由如下方法制备：首先将石墨烯加入摩尔浓度为7mol/L的高锰酸钾水溶液中，50℃搅拌浸泡5小时，过滤取出烘干；然后将烘干的石墨烯与乙二醇、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷在氮气保护下煅烧，煅烧的温度为400℃，煅烧时间为2小时，研磨成纳米级细粉。烘干石墨烯与乙二醇、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为1:0.3:0.1。
制备方法：
(1)按重量份称取合金成分中的各组分，熔炼、浇铸、碾磨成纳米合金粉；
(2)将纳米合金粉与高聚物、纳米改性石墨烯混合均匀，得到共混物；
(3)将上述共混物铸锭均匀化处理后经加工挤压成目标形状。
实施例2：耐腐蚀合金材料的制备
一种耐腐蚀合金材料，由合金成分、高聚物成分和改性成分制备而成，高聚物成分的质量为合金成分重量的35％，改性成分的质量为合金成分重量的6％；合金成分按照重量份由以下组分组成：镁，40份；铝，35份；镍，20份；铜，10份；钛，10份；钴，3份；高聚物成分为聚四氟乙烯；改性成分为纳米改性石墨烯。
纳米改性石墨烯由如下方法制备：首先将石墨烯加入摩尔浓度为7mol/L的高锰酸钾水溶液中，50℃搅拌浸泡5小时，过滤取出烘干；然后将烘干的石墨烯与乙二醇、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷在氮气保护下煅烧，煅烧的温度为400℃，煅烧时间为2小时，研磨成纳米级细粉。烘干石墨烯与乙二醇、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为1:0.3:0.1。
制备方法：
(1)按重量份称取合金成分中的各组分，熔炼、浇铸、碾磨成纳米合金粉；
(2)将纳米合金粉与高聚物、纳米改性石墨烯混合均匀，得到共混物；
(3)将上述共混物铸锭均匀化处理后经加工挤压成目标形状。
实施例3：耐腐蚀合金材料的制备
一种耐腐蚀合金材料，由合金成分、高聚物成分和改性成分制备而成，高聚物成分的质量为合金成分重量的35％，改性成分的质量为合金成分重量的6％；合金成分按照重量份由以下组分组成：镁，60份；铝，55份；镍，30份；铜，20份；钛，20份；钴，7份；高聚物成分为聚四氟乙烯；改性成分为纳米改性石墨烯。
纳米改性石墨烯由如下方法制备：首先将石墨烯加入摩尔浓度为7mol/L的高锰酸钾水溶液中，50℃搅拌浸泡5小时，过滤取出烘干；然后将烘干的石墨烯与乙二醇、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷在氮气保护下煅烧，煅烧的温度为400℃，煅烧时间为2小时，研磨成纳米级细粉。烘干石墨烯与乙二醇、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为1:0.3:0.1。
制备方法：
(1)按重量份称取合金成分中的各组分，熔炼、浇铸、碾磨成纳米合金粉；
(2)将纳米合金粉与高聚物、纳米改性石墨烯混合均匀，得到共混物；
(3)将上述共混物铸锭均匀化处理后经加工挤压成目标形状。
对比实施例，使用普通纳米石墨烯
一种耐腐蚀合金材料，由合金成分、高聚物成分和改性成分制备而成，高聚物成分的质量为合金成分重量的35％，改性成分的质量为合金成分重量的6％；合金成分按照重量份由以下组分组成：镁，50份；铝，45份；镍，25份；铜，15份；钛，15份；钴，5份；高聚物成分为聚四氟乙烯；改性成分为纳米石墨烯。
制备方法：
(1)按重量份称取合金成分中的各组分，熔炼、浇铸、碾磨成纳米合金粉；
(2)将纳米合金粉与高聚物、纳米改性石墨烯混合均匀，得到共混物；
(3)将上述共混物铸锭均匀化处理后经加工挤压成目标形状。
盐腐测试
按照实施例1-3和对比实施例的组成和方法制成1cm厚的合金板，进行盐腐测试。
将合金板分别放入25wt％的NaCl溶液中，测试温度45±2℃(定期补水，保证氯化钠溶液浓度基本不变)。统计该高温加速腐蚀条件下腐蚀30天后合金板表面盐蚀面积百分比(％)。
结果见下表。
由上述试验可见，本发明提供的耐腐蚀合金材料耐盐腐蚀，效果显著，可以用于制备咸蛋清洗机或其他需要耐盐腐仪器或容器。
Claims (7)
1.一种耐腐蚀合金材料，其特征在于：由合金成分、高聚物成分和改性成分制备而成，高聚物成分的质量为合金成分重量的25％-45％，改性成分的质量为合金成分重量的4％-8％；合金成分按照重量份由以下组分组成：镁，40-60份；铝，35-55份；镍，20-30份；铜，10-20份；钛，10-20份；钴，3-7份；高聚物成分为聚四氟乙烯；改性成分为纳米改性石墨烯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐腐蚀合金材料，其特征在于，纳米改性石墨烯由如下方法制备：首先将石墨烯加入强氧化剂溶液中，40-60℃搅拌浸泡2-8小时，过滤取出烘干；然后将烘干的石墨烯与乙二醇、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷在氮气保护下煅烧，研磨成纳米级细粉即得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耐腐蚀合金材料，其特征在于：所述强氧化剂溶液指高锰酸钾水溶液，摩尔浓度为5-9mol/L。
4.根据权利要求2所述的耐腐蚀合金材料，其特征在于：烘干的石墨烯与乙二醇、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为1:(0.2-0.4):(0.08-0.12)。
5.根据权利要求2所述的耐腐蚀合金材料，其特征在于：所述氮气保护下煅烧的温度为350-450℃，煅烧时间为1.5-2.5小时。
6.权利要求1-5任一所述耐腐蚀合金材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量份称取合金成分中的各组分，熔炼、浇铸、碾磨成纳米合金粉；
(2)将纳米合金粉与高聚物、纳米改性石墨烯混合均匀，得到共混物；
(3)将上述共混物均匀化处理后经加工挤压成目标形状。
7.权利要求1-5任一所述耐腐蚀合金材料用于制备咸蛋清洗机或其他需要耐盐腐仪器或容器的用途。
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