CN106518505A - Micro-nano carbon fertilizer prepared from domestic garbage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses micro-nano carbon fertilizer prepared from domestic garbage and a preparation thereof. The fertilizer is characterized by comprising inorganic sulfate (ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and others), and being capable of purifying soil pollution caused by heavy metal including cadmium and others. The electrical conductivity of soil can be improved through a micro-nano carbon material, plants can absorb cadmium and other heavy metal elements from the soil, and therefore soil cadmium pollution can be eliminated. In the preparation process of the micro-nano carbon material prepared from the garbage, the city domestic garbage is burned under an anaerobic condition at low temperature of 650 DEG C to be pyrolyzed, hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) combustible gas are generated, the garbage is thoroughly carbonized, and the amount of formed carbon can reach up to 12-15%. Poisonous gas dioxin, greenhouse gas CO2 and others are not generated. An urease inhibitor and an ammonium stabilizer are added into the fertilizer. The invention first discloses catechol (catechol) as the urease inhibitor screened by China at home and abroad. The emission load of greenhouse gas can be reduced. The effective period of the fertilizer can reach 1-2 years, and the fertilizer is suitable for being applied to field crops and perennial pasture.

Description

A kind of micro-nano carbon fertilizer produced with house refuse and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The world today, with rapid development of economy and the rapid expansion in city, the house refuse average annual growth rate in besieged city is 8.42%, and the average annual growth rate of China's rubbish will produce up to 1.5 hundred million tons of rubbish per year more than 10%.At present, up to 7,000,000,000 tons of the accumulative volume of cargo in storage of China's rubbish, has resulted in the serious situation of garbage-surrounded city.The rubbish growth rate of China is just increased with the high speed for being higher by 2～3 times of national economy, has begun to become the first element for hindering urban development.In 700 cities of China, existing 2/3 city is among rubbish encirclement.So the development to national city is brought basic impact by the innoxious and resource treatment technique of house refuse.China " 12 " planning for circular economic development, the integration utilization rate to solid waste in 2015 will reach more than 70%.Plan to the year two thousand twenty to form a collection of resource circulation utilization technical equipment with core competitiveness and product manufacturing enterprise at home.China is not recycled utilization because of regenerated resources such as rubbish, causes up to 200～30,000,000,000 yuan of China's economic loss.In the pollution big city of 10 most serious in the world, China occupies 7, almost can not find one piece of pure land in the city of China.Preserve the ecological environment and especially have sense of urgency in China.Since reform and opening-up, China's agricultural obtains significant progress, supports the population for accounting for the world 22.5% with 7% soil, has created the miracle in the world.However, chronic administration excess chemical fertilizer result in the serious negative issues such as Soil structure destruction, water pollution, utilization rate of fertilizer decline and quality of agricultural product reduction.Green is the pass for going to the world.Currently, China's food safety situation is still severe, is mainly manifested in 4 aspects such as production, processing, circulation, health, and the pollution of agricultural product source ranks first." soil is mother of crop ".Soil is the supplier of nutrient, and soil is that the guarantor of nutrient stores agent again, is that other materials are irreplaceable.Adjust soil, improved soil, bring up soil, recover soil vitality, show the natural gray of soil, be the only way of food safety, human civilization and scientific development.The micro-nano carbon source of the art of this patent is taken from waste incineration carbon, is belonging to twice laid and resource reclaim technology.This technology belongs to the anaerobic low-temperature catalytic pyrolysis technology of rubbish, is zero-emission technology of garbage disposal, is garbage disposal world public relations project.Early in last century, the U.S. successively has 30 multidigit well-known experts to start laboratory research, has made great progress, study the Assessment of MSW Disposal Technologies for being successfully not required to original-source by classification.The technology transfer China in 2007, realizes trial operation success by the research repeatedly of 7 years.The debris such as metal, sandstone, glass are utilized by clean cycle；The Organic substances such as plastics become hydrocarbon fuels oil by cracking recovery；House refuse type organic is made rubbish start pyrolysis, produces water-gas process, produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide fuel gas by 650 DEG C of anoxycausises.This anoxycausis process makes rubbish all be carbonized, and does not produce burning, does not generate charcoal ash, and the volume of production of garbage carbon may be up to 12%～15%, can be higher if producing carbon rate containing plant and trees in rubbish.650 DEG C or so low-temperature burnings under the conditions of no oxygen, during incineration firing, do not produce toxic gas dioxin, no secondary pollution.Without CO₂Discharge.The deep processing of rubbish carbon raw material becomes micro-nano carbon, and the carbon below 1000 nanoscales becomes micro-nano carbon, and micro-nano carbon has small-size effect, high surface area effect and tunnel-effect.Nano-sized carbon is insulator, but is become " superconductor " after meeting water, therefore claims " superconduction " fertilizer.After micro-nano carbon enters soil, it greatly reduces can the resistance of soil colloid, solution, become conductive fertilizer, and Jing determines its EC value less than common fertilizer 30% or so, therefore has the effect of substantially section fertilizer.Micro-nano carbon has strong absorptive in soil, improves Soil structure, increases soil conductivity, is the conductive fertilizer of soil sanitation.It can transfer macronutrient in soil（Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium）, middle amount nutrient（Calcium, magnesium, sulfur and silicon）And trace element（Ferrum, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron etc.）And the heavy metal element of soil pollution（Hydrargyrum, cadmium, lead, arsenic etc.）From soil colloid, quick release is out.Nutrient can promote plant growth, harmful element to rapidly enter plant, be conducive to soil sanitation.The fertilizer can stimulate plant root system development, promote root system of plant absorb the heavy metal element that cadmium etc. pollutes environment from soil in a large number, with sulfate radical chemical combination in plant roots and stem, generate stable and undissolved cadmium sulfide, and plant is concentrated and can make building materials.

Background technology

A kind of micro-nano carbon organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of purification soil pollution and preparation method thereof, it is characterised in that it adds the fertilizer such as appropriate sulfate radical by micro-nano carbon organic fertilizer（Potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate etc.）The micro-nano carbon fertilizer of the purification soil heavy metal pollution being prepared into.The heavy metal element cadmium that wherein sulfate radical such as potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and crop are absorbed from soil can form the undissolved stable compound cadmium sulfide of water.The stable compound cadmium sulfide being accumulated in crop body, can be by taking out these compound cadmium sulfide, it is possible to eliminate the cadmium pollution of soil from soil.Existence form of the cadmium in soil, determines its effectiveness to plant.In the soil liquid, the higher plant of effective cadmium concentration is also bigger to its absorbtivity.Between the control soil liquid and solid phase of soil, the factor of cadmium balance is very complicated, and substantial amounts of research work is also later.The major influence factors found out have soil acidity or alkalinity（PH）, oxidation-reduction potential（En）, soil organic matter content, mineral composition and type, other dissolubility compositions and temperature etc..Many researchs point out, same physics, chemistry, biology and it is mineralogical under the conditions of, with the increase of the effective cadmium of soil, the cadmium content of plant is improved.If other edaphic conditions are constant, with the rising of P in soil H, plant cadmium content declines.It is to be converted into Cd (OH) 2 and CdCO3 precipitations due to the effective cadmium of soil that P in soil H rises the reason for cadmium content declines in plant.So non-calcareous soil is applied the complex fertilizer such as limy and calcium magnesium phosphate and can reduce absorption of the plant to cadmium.Soil redox potential（En）Change can have influence on the effectiveness of cadmium, for Oryza sativa L., the cadmium absorbed under oxidative conditions than reductive condition under absorb many more than cadmium.So the heavy metal cadmium of rice crop absorption is substantial amounts of being accumulated in seed, people's rice of the long-term consumption containing cadmium, it is possible to cause cadmium poisoning, cause Itai-itai diseases.The pollution prevention measure of cadmium, the difference of the species and kind of plant, absorb cadmium number it is also different, research shows that this species diversity is determined by the gene of kind.Study 9 section, 36 kinds of plants to show, the Cd accumulation amount in plant tissue is pulse family ＜ grass family ＜ Liliaceae ＜ Cucurbitaceae ＜ Umbelliferae ＜ Chenopodiaceae ＜ Cruciferae ＜ Compositae ＜ Solanaceaes.The cadmium content of plant each several part differs greatly, so the absorptions of the plant to cadmium such as Cruciferae, Compositae, Solanaceae may be selected, shortens the clarification time of Cadmium Pollution in Soils.The preparation process of micro-nano carbon material be by domestic waste under the conditions of no oxygen low-temperature burning, promote plastic cracking, refuse pyrolysis make the moisture of rubbish become water gas, generate hydrogen（H2）And carbon monoxide gas（CO）Fuel gas.This anoxycausis, makes rubbish all be carbonized, does not produce charcoal ash, and the forming amount of garbage carbon may be up to 12%～15%.House refuse 650 DEG C or so low-temperature burnings under the conditions of no oxygen, during incineration firing, will not produce toxic gas dioxin, not have other greenhouse gas emissions again.Environmental security, reduces the secondary pollution of the harmful gass such as dioxin.Micro-nano carbon sulfate radical fertilizer, its suitable adding proportion for fertilizer total amount 20%～65%.Wherein preferably micro-nano carbon content ratio is 0.5%～5%.The production method of micro-nano carbon can select jet mill and crush, and smashing fineness reaches 700 ~ 1000 mesh, and carbon more than 700 mesh can be considered micro-nano carbon, and consumption will be controlled 0.5%～5%.Carbon below 700 mesh can be considered common carbon dust, and consumption will be controlled 5%～15%.Micro-nano carbon sulfate radical organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, it is characterised in that sulfate radical fertilizer（Potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate etc.）Content 20%～50%, wherein sulphuric acid potassium content 5%～15%, ammonium sulphate content 15%～30%, calcium sulphate content 5%～10%, sulphuric acid content of magnesium 2%～5% etc..China is a developing country, but during the economy of China develops at a high speed, the construction and development in city are the marks of an industrialization of the country process, and the number in 50 Nian Lai China cities has developed more than 1500, is 10 times in the early period after the foundation of New China.However, industrial expansion is simultaneously, it is necessary to improve understanding of the people to environmental conservation, prevent the pollution of the environment, protect the fields arable land, reduces and prevent harm of the harmful elements such as heavy metal cadmium to human body.Advise that according to environmental monitoring department every rice containing 0.4 mg/kg of cadmium individually should not eat or market sale, after should mixing with the rice of clear water zone, the concentration of reduction cadmium.In rice chaff every content account for 40% of cadmium content in rice, so advocate increase its pure white degree in Rice producing, to reduce the contamination hazard of cadmium.For containing serious cadmium pollution area more than 0.4 millimeter/kilogram of cadmium, forbid planting rice water.It is also a kind of feasible approach in non-alimentary crops of people and animals such as the high nursery stock of China's In Cadmium Polluted Area plantation patience, linen-cotton and seat grass.Area is relatively enriched in land resource or economic condition areas of well-being should be advocated conceding the land to forestry, returning farmland to grassland or be greatly developed flower planting and beautify the environment.Plant one season Oryza sativa L., only have 0.2% to the absorbance of Cadmium in Soil, if wanting to make Cadmium in Soil to reduce half, need kind of rice 350 years；And only needed to for 7 years when planting fern, Solanaceae class, Cruciferae class plant, it is possible to the cadmium pollution of purification soil.So coordinating the fertilizer such as (NH4) 2SO4, K2SO4 give priority to the fern industry of flowers and plants in the arable land of cadmium severe contamination.Apply some sulfur-containing fertilizers and can produce irreversible CdS under the reducing conditions（Cadmium sulfide）Precipitation.Calcium silicates are applied, PH can have both been improved, resistance of the plant to cadmium can be increased again.Enrich biological sulfur-bearing organic fertilizer and can reduce absorption of the crop to cadmium.The intermediate product produced during organic matter decomposition forms the complex of stability with cadmium.In recent years, with while Chinese agriculture fast development, crops continuous cropping causes soil compaction, soil-borne disease to increase；High production, high investment throughout the year, in causing soil, each nutrient is out of proportion；The unreasonable administration of chemical fertilizer causes soil acidification, soil salinization etc. with irrigation method is improper, constitutes threat to Agricultural Sustainable Development in China.It is imperative that agricultural environment is repaired, it is necessary to which by improved soil environment come Ensuring Food Safety and agricultural product quality and safety, therefore soil conditioner possesses great development space.The problem that China's arable soil is present is apparent, therefore need for outstanding problem present in the arable soil of region, strengthen the sci-tech innovation, strengthen extension service, with " volume increase fertilising, economic fertilization, environmental protection fertilising " and balance soil nutrient as target, widely popularize and apply soil conditioner, improve the utilization rate of arable land output capacity and resource.This patent nano-sized carbon composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is the widest soil conditioner of feature.

The content of the invention

This patent at home and abroad discloses catechol for the first time（Catechol）It is the Chinese urease inhibitor for voluntarily screening.Urease inhibitor and ammonia stabilizer is with the addition of in the fertilizer, the fertilizer efficiency period of carbamide is 1～2 year, be suitable to field crop, forest and perennial grass fertilising, be grassland transformation and the good fertilizer checked winds and fixed drifting sand with soil improvement.The fertilizer is suitable for various crops and does base manure single use, can remove operation of topdressing from.During as base manure, amount of increase in production is 10%～20%.Its preferably sowing amount is 40～60 kilograms per mu and is advisable.Urease inhibitor can select catechol（Catechol or HQ）Be advisable, molecular formula is 1,2- (HO) 2C6H4,72% is reached to the suppression ratio of urease activity, be preferable urease inhibitor.Catechol it is most withDerivantIn the form of in nature, beWood creosoteImportant component.Catechol is colourless crystallization；105 DEG C of fusing point, 245 DEG C (750 of boiling pointMillimetres of mercury), ammonia stabilizer selects DCD（Dicyandiamide）It is advisable.DCD is the dimer of cyanamide, and the cyano derivative of guanidine.Chemical formula C2H4N4.White crystalline powder.Water soluble, alcohol, ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide, are practically insoluble in ether and benzene.It is non-combustible.It is stable when being dried.Micro-nano carbon material is with the addition of in the fertilizer, the electric conductivity of soil can be increased, root system of plant can be stimulated to absorb macronutrient from soil, increased water absorption, water-retaining property, breathability and the drought resistance of soil, the root rot of the fruit such as sweet Fructus Citri grandiss, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Citrus can be prevented.Micro-nano carbon can improve Soil structure in soil, have good improving effect to soil compaction, increase soil moisturizing, insulation and strengthen soil conductivity, be the conductive purification fertilizer of preferable effect of fertilizer cadmium pollution.The scientific matching of micro-nano carbon organic and inorganic fertilizer host inorganic nutrient be following several types, nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=15:5:10；Or nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=15:8:15；Or nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=20:8:9, or nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=20:7:13；Or nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=22:8:10 etc., above-mentioned 5 kinds of proportionings are grasped according to different soil, Different Climatic Zones, Different Crop type science.Normal conditions nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=15:5:10；Or nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=15:8:15 scientific matchings are suitable to the fruit fertilizer of Citrus sinensis Osbeck, close Fructus Citri grandiss, Arillus Longan, Fructus Litchi, Fructus Mangifera Indicae, Citrus, Fructus Musae, and improved soil, raising ground temperature keep moisture, ripe in advance, increase yield, improving quality.Nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=20:8:9, or nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=20:7:13 scientific matchings are suitable to the field crops such as Oryza sativa L., Semen Tritici aestivi, Brassica campestris L, Semen arachidis hypogaeae；Nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=22:8:10 scientific matchings are suitable to the high nitrogen crop such as Semen Maydiss.The micro-nano carbon is combined the proportioning of high nitrogen controlled availability fertilizer, can increase the content of urease inhibitor in fertilizer, and fertilizer efficiency period is controllable up to 1～2 year, it is adaptable to which grassland is applied fertilizer, and applies within 2 years disposable fertilizer, saves fertilising cost.Micro-nano carbon organic-inorganic compound fertilizer dose is conventional fertilizer application amount 70%～80%, and in the case of section fertilizer 20%～30%, field crop can increase production 10%, and vegetable crop can increase production 20%, and fruit can increase production 15%.Micro-nano carbon is combined high nitrogen controlled availability fertilizer, and applying grassland fertilizer can increase municipal sludge content, because municipal sludge contains substantial amounts of organic matter and high flocculant, is conducive to checking winds and fixing drifting sand, and recovers steppe vegetation, is the preferable fertilizer for transforming sand ground and sparse meadow.Composite nano carbon long-acting carbamide is the effective way for controlling greenhouse gases nitrous oxide emission.Nitrous oxide（N2O）Formed through Denitrification mainly due to the nitrogen manure in being manured into soil.Learnt by determining, under irrigation property edaphic condition, the discharge capacity of N2O is higher than upland field soil 3～10 times, and the discharge capacity of N2O is proportionate with farmland fertilization amount.Field test result, within 230 day time, under the conditions of dry land neutral soil, it is 1.98% that corn field applies the annual emissions of Urea treatment N2O；The annual emissions for applying ammonium hydrogen carbonate process N2O are 1.36%.And DCD is added to into the process after ammonium hydrogen carbonate, the annual emissions of N2O are then reduced to 0.34%, and the latter is contrasted with the above two and can reduce N2O forming amounts more than 70% in farmland, so DCD has obvious environmental protection effect.Under the conditions of acid ground, the formation peak period of various N fertilization N2O is in the range of 13～62 days, wherein ammonium hydrogen carbonate N2O peak periods are 24 days, carbamide N2O peak periods are 23 days, and add DCD ammonium hydrogen carbonate and carbamide then N2O peak periods can be extended down to 62 days, and the burst size of N2O only plus DCD process 1/26.Thus the effect of DCD environmental protections is obvious.Under the conditions of basic soil, the formation peak period of the process N2O of common urea and ammonium hydrogen carbonate is 7 days or so, and adds the carbamide and carbonic acid nitrogen ammonium process N2O of DCD to form peak period for 36 days, and the latter N2O forming amounts are only the former 1/45.So promoting the nitrogen manure of addition ammonia stabilizer DCD, nitrogen utilization efficiency can be provided from terms of recent benefit, increase crop yield；And the discharge capacity of N2O can be reduced from terms of long-term benefit, and to Ozonosphere protection, protect the earth for the survival of mankind beneficial to the present age, work(is in eternal lasting.

Specific embodiment

This patent at home and abroad discloses catechol for the first time（Catechol）It is the Chinese urease inhibitor for voluntarily screening.Make use of the technology of composite nano carbon long-acting carbamide.Carbamide is a kind of amidonitrogen（NH2）Fertilizer, no soil urease decomposition and inversion is into ammonia nitrogen（NH3）Plant can not utilize.The ureaclastic speed of soil urease quickly, is all decomposed and is finished for 7～15 days, and crop only has 30% or so to the nitrogen utilization efficiency of carbamide.The technical research principle of long-acting carbamide is screening urease inhibitor, suppresses urease activity so as to which the carbamide resolving time extends to 100～120 days, realizes that carbamide once makees base manure and applies, removes operation of topdressing from, is suitable to mechanization and exempts to intertill Technique Popularizing.Using soil urease measuring technology, the urease inhibitor that three kinds of suppression ratio reach 67%～72% is filtered out from Chinese self-produced chemical reagent.By adding in carbamide production system, urease inhibitor is uniformly distributed into 70～200 nanometer particle sizes in carbamide, realize the Industrialized Improvement of long-acting carbamide nanotechnology.Urease inhibitor is dissolved in urine, under the specific process conditions by control urease inhibitor concentration, solution temperature and urine moisture, the yellowish-brown long-acting carbamide into co-crystal thereof with carbamide is produced.The inhibitory action of long-acting carbamide, acyl ammoniacal nitrogen ammoniacal nitrogen nitrate nitrogen nitrite nitrogen（Carcinogen）Nitrous oxide（Greenhouse gases）The formation time can postpone 1～2 year.On the basis of the research success of long-term efficiency bicarbonate ammonium, it is found that ammonia stabilizer is used for carbamide and also has obvious effect of increasing production, composite nano-grade dispersion long-acting carbamide is developed again using the synergism of urease inhibitor and ammonia stabilizer.Compound long-efficiency urea is characterized in that add a certain amount of urease inhibitor and ammonia stabilizer in urea synthesis process, the early stage urease inhibitor applied in carbamide can delay carbamide to decompose；The ammonia loss by volatilization of carbamide can be reduced after hydrolysis of urea is into ammoniacal nitrogen by the effect of ammonia stabilizer.This patent make use of Nano Carbon type long-acting carbamide technology, by adjusting the science ratio and production technology of additive, with reference to soil, weather and plant growth feature, study the sustained-controll-release fertiliser that successfully fertilizer efficiency period is up to 2 years, it is adaptable to apply fertilizer on large area grassland.Nano-sized carbon is preferable ammonia stabilizer, can directly suppress ammonia volatilization 80%.After 2007 find nano-sized carbon, directly puddle with ammonium hydrogen carbonate sample, almost can't smell the ammonia volatilization stink of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, the volatile quantity of Jing test ammonia reduces 80%.Ammonium hydrogen carbonate year volatile quantity 20%～30%, the long-acting ammonium bicarbonate year volatile quantity 2%～5% of plus nano carbon deposited 5 years in warehouse, the long-acting ammonium bicarbonate volatile quantity 5%～7% of plus nano carbon.The long-acting carbamide year volatile quantity of plus nano carbon is less, so this patent make use of the technology of composite nano carbon long-acting carbamide, fertilizer efficiency period to keep what 3 years can be achieved on.This patent make use of the technology of composite nano carbon long-acting carbamide, can suppress the ammonia volatilization of carbamide in soil.In order to suppress the activity of soil nitrification antibacterial, will be stifling 24 hours for trying soil chloroform, long-acting carbamide and carbamide is separately added into again, carries out cultivating in sealing container, and volatilized ammonia with sulfuric acid absorption, result of the test performance carbamide ammonia volatilization amount is 58.4%～73.1%, average out to 66.3%, and long-acting carbamide ammonia volatilization amount is 24.5%～43.8%, average out to 34.4%, the former has more the latter 31.6%, it was demonstrated that the ammonia loss by volatilization amount that long-acting carbamide can be reduced in soil is nearly 1 times.During composite nano carbon long-acting carbamide reduces soil and drinking-water, NO3-N and NO2-N contains quantifier elimination.Hazardness of the nitrate pollution of environment to people, animal health is very big, investigated by Cancer in China district occurred frequently, hepatic cancer mortality rate is proportionate with NO3-N and NO2-N content in drinking-water, so the applied research of nitrification inhibitor is one of effective way of a control cancer mortality.DCD is a kind of nitrification inhibitor in itself, has appropriate inhibitory action to nitrite bacteria.We use Oryza sativa L. pot experiment, and 3% DCD is added separately in carbamide, ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate, determine the Leaching loss of the NO3-N and NO2-N of different disposal.The carbamide of DCD, NO3-N is added to reduce by 33.87%, NO2-N and reduce 82.89%；Add ammonium sulfate its NO3-N of DCD to reduce 49.6%, and NO2-N reduces 74.18%；The ammonium hydrogen carbonate NO3-N of DCD is added to reduce 33.5%, NO2-N reductions 61.3%, it is seen that DCD has stronger Nitrification Inhibition.Composite nano carbon long-acting carbamide is the effective way for controlling cancer morbidity.The dynamic change and soil residual quantity measurement result of the different N fertilization inorganic nitrogen in soil of research shows that the fertilizer for trying has DCD to add carbamide, and DCD adds ammonium hydrogen carbonate to carry out contrast test with common urea and material CK areas of not applying fertilizer, as a result as follows：DCD adds Urea treatment, and 28 days afterwards, soil ammonium（NH4+）Content is 65mg/kg, and nitrate nitrogen（NO3-）Content is 145mg/kg；And common urea is processed, soil ammonium（NH4+）Content is 4.6mg/kg, nitrate nitrogen（NO3-）Content is 221.8mg/kg, and both compare the former than the latter ammonium nitrogen（NH4+）Increase by 14.1 times, and nitrate nitrogen（NO3-）Reduce 52.9%.DCD adds ammonium hydrogen carbonate to process, and 28 days afterwards, soil ammonium（NH4+）Content is 18.0mg/kg, and nitrate nitrogen（NO3-）Content is 166.3mg/kg, is compared with common urea process, ammonium nitrogen（NH4+）Increase by 3.91 times, and nitrate nitrogen（NO3-）Reduce 33.4%.Above-mentioned test explanation DCD has significantly suppress ammonium nitrogen to change into the action function of nitrate nitrogen, has environmental protection to act on.

Environmental evaluation

The environmental effect of composite nano carbon long-acting carbamide.Chronic administration composite nano carbon long-acting carbamide enters soil, urease inhibitor will not leaching loss and volatilization, also will not accumulate in soil and plant product.In soil, it will generate binary acid via phenyl ring fracture, ultimately produce carbon dioxide and water by photooxidation, autoxidation and biological degradation.In plant body also will be assimilated and utilized by the approach being similar to.Urease inhibitor（Such as HQ）A kind of inherently endogenous substance of soil and plant, in soil, it is soil Humic Substances, and in plant strain, it is a kind of metabolite, its content have competing up to 1%, and we are added to the urease inhibitor in soil by long-acting carbamide（Such as HQ）Content is only 1ppm or so, and the amount for being contained within HQ compared with organic fertilizer will lack hundred times.According to the surrounding desired value determined in U.S. environment appraisal（AMEG）With discharge level of environment achievement（DMEG）Regulation, is defined as including the eco-environment standard of turnover level of environment achievement HQ：The eco-environment standard of water is 0.1mg/L；The eco-environment standard of soil is 20mg/kg.And the HQ contents for discharging environmental standard are defined as：The ecological environment discharge standard of water is 0.5mg/L；The ecological environment discharge standard of soil is 100mg/kg.The quantity that nano carbon long-acting carbamide contains HQ only has some thousandths of, is very little compared with above-mentioned discharge environmental standard.The environmental effect of DCD.DCD be it is a kind of it is non-volatile, non-hygroscopic, be dissolved in that water, nitrogen content are high, be finally degraded to NH3 and CO in soil₂Without acid group chemical fertilizer.TNO was defined as innocuous substance in 1977 DCD, and LD50 is 10 gs/kg of body weight, is three times of Sodium Chloride.Some research units of China are also carried out acute, the accumulative and subacute test of DCD, it is believed that DCD is belonging to the material of low toxicity or relative nontoxic, resolve into cyanamide and carbamide in animal body, there are no accumulative and chronic poisoning symptom.Composite nano carbon long-acting carbamide improves the research of nitrogen utilization efficiency.The research for improving nitrogen utilization efficiency is the long-acting task of agronomist and chemist, and up to the present, various tillage control measures improve nitrogen utilization efficiency 5% or so；And nano carbon long-acting carbamide can improve 10 percentage points of nitrogen utilization efficiency due to changing the physicochemical property and structure of nitrogenous fertilizer.Improve the research of Nitrogen in Rice utilization rate.Make carbamide and long-acting carbamide nitrogen utilization efficiency comparative test under the conditions of pot rice.Result of the test shows that carbamide nitrogen utilization efficiency 68.4%, long-acting carbamide nitrogen utilization efficiency 80.3%, the latter increase by 11.9 percentage point of nitrogen utilization efficiency than the former.Make the nitrogen utilization efficiency test of carbamide and long-acting carbamide under rice field cultivation condition, result of the test shows that carbamide nitrogen utilization efficiency 34.2%, long-acting carbamide nitrogen utilization efficiency are 42.3%, and the latter increases by 8.1 percentage points of nitrogen utilization efficiency than the former.Improve the research of wheat nitrogen utilization rate.Make the research of spring wheat nitrogen utilization efficiency in chestnut soil field, nitrogen utilization efficiency of the carbamide on spring wheat is 29.1%.Nitrogen utilization efficiency of the long-acting carbamide on spring wheat is 37.9%, and the latter increases by 8.8 percentage points than the former nitrogen utilization efficiency.Improve the research of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi nitrogen utilization efficiency.Make the test of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi nitrogen utilization efficiency in chestnut soil field, nitrogen utilization efficiency of the carbamide on Rhizoma Solani tuber osi is 32.6%, and the nitrogen utilization efficiency 41.7% of long-acting carbamide, nitrogen utilization efficiency increase by 9.1 percentage point of the latter than the former.Improve the research of Semen Maydiss nitrogen utilization efficiency.Make Semen Maydiss plot experiment on meadow soil, determine the nitrogen utilization efficiency of its different nitrogenous fertilizer, granular urea is 27.74% to the nitrogen utilization efficiency of Semen Maydiss, and long-acting carbamide is 38.12% to the nitrogen utilization efficiency of Semen Maydiss, and the latter improves 10.38 percentage points of nitrogen utilization efficiency than the former.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of micro-nano carbon fertilizer and preparation method thereof produced with house refuse, it is characterised in that the micro-nano carbon material adds appropriate inorganic fertilizer（Potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, carbamide, ammonium phosphate etc.）It is prepared into the micro-nano carbon organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of energy purification soil heavy metal element cadmium pollution, the fertilizer can promote root system of plant heavy metal element such as a large amount of absorption cadmiums from soil, with sulfate radical chemical combination in plant roots and stem, generate stable and undissolved cadmium sulfide, plant is extracted from soil, is concentrated preservation make building materials, can permanently be eliminated the pollution of the heavy metal element cadmium of soil.

2. fertilizer according to claim 1, the preparation process of its micro-nano carbon material, are, by domestic waste low-temperature burning under anaerobic, to promote refuse pyrolysis, make the moisture of rubbish generate hydrogen（H₂）And carbon monoxide gas（CO）Fuel gas, self-burning.

3. this fertilizer according to claim 2, house refuse low-temperature burning under 650 DEG C or so oxygen free conditions, during incineration firing, are all carbonized, do not produce charcoal ash, do not discharge CO₂Greenhouse gases, the forming amount of garbage carbon may be up to 12% ~ 15%, not produce toxic gas dioxin, reduce secondary pollution, Environmental security.

4. fertilizer according to claim 2, with the addition of urease inhibitor and ammonia stabilizer in the fertilizer, reduce greenhouse gases CO₂With N2O discharge capacitys 35% ~ 70%, the fertilizer efficiency period of fertilizer is 1 ~ 2 year, be suitable to field crop, perennial grass is applied fertilizer, be the good fertilizer that grassland is transformed, checked winds and fixed drifting sand with soil sanitation.

5. fertilizer according to claim 4, urease inhibitor can select catechol（Catechol）It is advisable, catechol（Catechol）It is the Chinese urease inhibitor for voluntarily screening, molecular formula is 1,2- (HO) 2C6H4, reaches 72% to the suppression ratio of urease activity, is preferable urease inhibitor, and catechol is colourless crystallization；105 DEG C of fusing point, 245 DEG C (750 of boiling pointMillimetres of mercury)。

6. fertilizer according to claim 4, ammonia stabilizer is the invention of independent intellectual property right, from DCD（Dicyandiamide）It is advisable, DCD is the dimer of cyanamide, and the cyano derivative of guanidine, molecular formula C2H4N4, white crystalline powder, water soluble, alcohol, ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide are non-combustible, it is stable when being dried.

7. fertilizer according to claim 4, micro-nano carbon material is with the addition of in the fertilizer, the electric conductivity of soil can be increased, root system of plant can be stimulated to absorb macronutrient from soil, increase water absorption, water-retaining property, breathability and the drought resistance of soil, the root rot of crop, crop yield amplitude 10% ~ 20% can be prevented.

8. fertilizer according to claim 7, it is characterized in that micro-nano carbon sulfate radical complex fertilizer, the suitable adding proportion of its sulfate for fertilizer total amount 20% ~ 65%, wherein sulphuric acid potassium content 5% ~ 15%, ammonium sulphate content 15% ~ 30%, calcium sulphate content 5% ~ 10%, sulphuric acid content of magnesium 2% ~ 5% etc..

9. fertilizer according to claim 8, its preferable micro-nano carbon content are 0.5% ~ 5%, and the production method of micro-nano carbon can select jet mill physical pulverization method, make micro-nano carbon granularity reach 700 ~ 1000 mesh.

10. fertilizer according to claim 8, the scientific matching of host inorganic nutrient is following several types, nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=15:5:10；Or nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=15:8:15；Or nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=20:8:9, or nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=20:7:13；Or nitrogen：Phosphorus：Potassium=22:8:10 etc., above-mentioned 5 kinds of proportionings are grasped according to different soil, Different Climatic Zones, Different Crop type science.